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National insurance has been cut by a further 2p, so workers will pay 8% of their earnings between £12,570 and £50,270, instead of the 12% it was before Autumn.

But tax thresholds – the amount you are allowed to earn before you start paying tax (and national insurance) and before you start paying the higher rate of tax – will remain frozen.

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This means people end up paying more tax than they otherwise would, when their pay rises with inflation but the thresholds don’t keep up. That phenomenon is known as “fiscal drag” and it’s often called a “stealth tax” because it’s not as noticeable immediately in your pay packet.

Enter your salary to the nearest £1,000 in our calculator to see how much better or worse off you are overall, once they balance out against one another.

That low threshold of £12,570 has been in place since April 2021. The Office for Budget Responsibility say that if it had increased with inflation as normal it would be set at £15,220 for 2024/25.

Workers would earn an extra £2,650 tax free each year in that case.

The higher threshold would be more than £61,000, meaning someone on a £60,000 salary would be paying the 40% income tax rate on almost £10,000 more of their earnings.

That would cost an extra £2,000 over the course of a year, more than offsetting the gains from cuts to national insurance.

Overall, workers are better off if they earn between £32,000 and £55,000, or more than £131,000, but everyone else will be paying more in 2024/25 than they would have done if the government had raised the tax thresholds as normal.

Someone on a £50,000 salary is best off, by £752 a year – not far off what the average package holiday to Europe cost in 2023.

That’s because they benefit from the maximum amount of lower national insurance before falling into the high tax bracket.

But someone on £16,000 a year will pay £607 more in total – equivalent to more than three months of average household spending on food.

Their income level means national insurance savings are limited but they are paying 20% in income tax on an additional £2,650 of earnings.

The calculations don’t account for any more complex tax deductions or credits for different groups of people, for example student loans, pensions or childcare.

But separate Sky News data analysis shows how young graduates now take home £1,200 less on average each month than they did before the pandemic after adjusting for inflation.

Methodology

Sky News has taken figures for what the new thresholds from 6 April 2024 would have been if they had increased with inflation from the Office for Budget Responsbility.

To work out how much less national insurance people will pay in 2024/25, we have worked out how much you would have paid on the 12% rate with the current thresholds, and how much you will pay on the 8% rate. This value will always be positive if you earn more than £12,570.

To work out how much fiscal drag has cost you, we have applied the new thresholds from ICAEW to the lower 20% rate of tax, the higher 40% rate, and the highest 45% rate. We have also assumed that the taper, when you start losing your personal allowance, starts at £100,000 and you lose £1 for each additional £2 earned, as it was before. This value will always be negative if you earn more than £12,570.

We ran the workings for these calculations by the Chartered Institute of Taxation who corroborated our findings.

To work out the difference we have taken the fiscal drag figure away from the national insurance figure. If it’s a positive number you are taking home more pay, but if it’s negative you are taking home less pay.

That means that the fiscal drag savings assume that national insurance is 8% rather than the 12% it was before. If national insurance had stayed at 12%, the effect of fiscal drag would have been even greater for lower earners.


The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open-source information. Through multimedia storytelling, we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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TalkTalk Group picks bankers to spearhead break-up

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TalkTalk Group picks bankers to spearhead break-up

TalkTalk Group has picked advisers to spearhead a break-up that will lead to the sale of one of Britain’s biggest broadband providers.

Sky News has learnt that PJT Partners, the investment bank, is being lined up to handle a strategic review aimed at assessing the optimal timing for a disposal of TalkTalk’s remaining businesses.

PJT’s appointment is expected to be finalised shortly, City sources said this weekend.

Founded by Sir Charles Dunstone, the entrepreneur who also helped establish The Carphone Warehouse, TalkTalk has 3.2 million residential broadband customers across the UK.

That scale makes it one of the largest broadband suppliers in the country, and means that Ofcom, the telecoms industry regulator, will maintain a close eye on the company’s plans.

The break-up is expected to take some time to complete, and will involve the separate sales of TalkTalk’s consumer operations, and PlatformX, its wholesale and network division.

Within the latter unit, TalkTalk’s ethernet subsidiary could also be sold on a standalone basis, according to insiders.

More on Talktalk

TalkTalk, which has been grappling with a heavily indebted balance sheet for some time, secured a significant boost during the summer when it agreed a £120m capital injection.

The bulk of those funds came from Ares Management, an existing lender to and shareholder in the company.

That new funding followed a £1.2bn refinancing completed late last year, but which failed to prevent bondholders pushing for further moves to strengthen its balance sheet.

Over the last year, TalkTalk has slashed hundreds of jobs in an attempt to exert a tighter grip on costs.

It also raised £50m from two disposals in March and June, comprising the sale of non-core customers to Utility Warehouse.

In addition, there was also an in-principle agreement to defer cash interest payments and to capitalise those worth approximately £60m.

The company’s business arm is separately owned by TalkTalk’s shareholders, following a deal struck in 2023.

Read more:
Tax rises expected as government borrowing highest in five years
Estate agent LRG eyes £800m sale amid spectre of budget tax raid

TalkTalk was taken private from the London Stock Exchange in a £1.1bn deal led by sister companies Toscafund and Penta Capital.

Sir Charles, the group’s executive chairman, is also a shareholder.

The company is now run by chief executive James Smith.

The identity of suitors for TalkTalk’s remaining operations was unclear this weekend, although a number of other telecoms companies are expected to look at the consumer business.

Britain’s altnet sector, which comprises dozens of broadband infrastructure groups, has been struggling financially because of soaring costs and low customer take-up.

On Saturday, a TalkTalk spokesman declined to comment.

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Estate agent LRG eyes £800m sale amid spectre of Budget tax raid

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Estate agent LRG eyes £800m sale amid spectre of Budget tax raid

One of Britain’s biggest estate agency groups is drawing up plans for an £800m sale amid speculation that Rachel Reeves, the chancellor, is plotting a fresh tax raid on homeowners in her autumn Budget.

Sky News has learnt that LRG, which is owned by the American buyout firm Platinum Equity, is being groomed for an auction that would take place during the coming months.

Bankers at Rothschild have been appointed by Platinum to oversee talks with potential bidders.

Platinum acquired LRG, which owns brands including Acorn, Chancellors and Stirling Ackroyd, in January 2022.

The estate agency group, which handles residential sales and lettings, trades from more than 350 branches and employs approximately 3,500 people.

City sources said this weekend that Platinum believed a valuation for the business of well over £700m was achievable in a sale.

The US-based private equity investor bought LRG – then known as Leaders Romans Group – from Bowmark Capital, a smaller buyout firm.

More from Money

Bidders in this auction are also likely to include financial investors.

Some of LRG’s brands have a long history in the UK property industry, with Portico tracing its origins as far back as 1818.

The company, now run by chief executive Michael Cook, manages 73,000 properties and last year handled property sales worth £3.6bn.

Although prospective bidders for LRG have already begun being sounded out, an auction of the group is likely to take several months to conclude.

Industries such as banking, housing and gambling have been gripped by suggestions that the chancellor will target them in an attempt to raise tens of billions of pounds in additional revenue.

Last month, house prices fell unexpectedly – albeit by just 0.1% – amid warnings from economists about the impact of speculation over a tax raid on homeowners.

Reports in the last two months have suggested that Ms Reeves and her officials at the Treasury are considering measures such as an overhaul of stamp duty, a mansion tax and the ending of primary residence relief for properties above a certain value.

Her Budget, which will take place in late November, is still more than two months away, suggesting that meaningful discussions with bidders for businesses such as LRG are unlikely to take place until the impact of new tax measures has been properly digested.

Robert Gardner, chief executive at Nationwide, the UK’s biggest building society, said reform of property taxes was overdue.

“House prices are still high compared to household incomes, making raising a deposit challenging for prospective buyers, especially given the intense cost of living pressures in recent years,” he said earlier this month

Britain’s estate agency market remains relatively fragmented, with groups such as LRG spearheading myriad acquisitions of small players with fewer than a handful of branches.

Among the other larger operators in the market, Dexters – which is chaired by the former J Sainsbury boss Justin King – is also backed by private equity investors in the form of Oakley Capital.

Few estate agents now have their shares publicly traded, with the equity of Foxtons Group, one of London’s most prominent property agents, now worth just £168m.

Platinum Equity declined to comment.

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Tax rises expected as government borrowing highest in five years – latest ONS figures

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Tax rises expected as government borrowing highest in five years - latest ONS figures

Government borrowing last month was the highest in five years, official figures show, exacerbating the challenge facing Chancellor Rachel Reeves.

Not since 2020, in the early days of the COVID pandemic with the furlough scheme ongoing, was the August borrowing figure so high, according to data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

Money blog: Borrowers warned of wider market risk

Tax and national insurance receipts were “noticeably” higher than last year, but those rises were offset by higher spending on public services, benefits and interest payments on debt, the ONS said.

It meant there was an £18bn gap between government spending and income, a figure £5.25bn higher than expected by economists polled by Reuters.

A political headache

Also released on Friday were revisions to the previous months’ data.

More on Uk Economy

Borrowing in July was more than first thought and revised up to £2.8bn from £1.1bn previously.

For the financial year as a whole, borrowing to June was revised to £65.8bn from £59.9bn.

State borrowing costs have also risen because borrowing has simply become more expensive for the government. Interest payments rose to £8.4bn in August.

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Earlier this month: Why did UK debt just get more expensive?

It compounds the problem for Ms Reeves as she approaches the November budget, and means tax rises could be likely.

Her self-imposed fiscal rules, which she repeatedly said she will stick to, mean she must bring down government debt and balance the budget by 2030.

Read more:
The big story from Bank of England is an easing in tightening to avert massive losses
Next issues scathing attack on UK economy as it reports tens of millions in profit growth

Tax rises?

Ms Reeves will need to find money from somewhere, leading to speculation taxes will increase and spending will be cut.

“Today’s figures suggest the chancellor will need to raise taxes by more than the £20bn we had previously estimated,” said Elliott Jordan-Doak, the senior UK economist at research firm Pantheon Macroeconomics.

“We still expect the chancellor to fill the fiscal hole with a smorgasbord of stealth and sin tax increases, along with some smaller spending cuts.”

Sin taxes are typically applied to tobacco and alcohol. Stealth taxes are ones typically not noticed by taxpayers, such as freezing the tax bands, so wage rises mean people fall into higher brackets.

Increased employers’ national insurance costs and rising wages have meant the tax take was already up.

Responding to the figures, Ms Reeves’s deputy, chief secretary to the Treasury, James Murray, said: “This government has a plan to bring down borrowing because taxpayer money should be spent on the country’s priorities, not on debt interest.

“Our focus is on economic stability, fiscal responsibility, ripping up needless red tape, tearing out waste from our public services, driving forward reforms, and putting more money in working people’s pockets.”

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