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Never mind elections, wars, revolutions, scandals and deaths, this week marks the 40th anniversary of probably the most gripping news story I have ever worked on as a journalist.

Gripping because there were vital economic, political and social issues at stake in this country.

Gripping because two powerful and exceptionally talented political leaders, Margaret Thatcher and Arthur Scargill, faced off.

Gripping because, in their own way, both sides were right.

Gripping that everyone in the country was caught up in the 1984-1985 miners’ strike and conflicted about it.

Gripping above all, for me as a journalist at the start of my career, because the strike reshaped this nation for the future.

On 5 March 1984, 6,000 miners walked out in South Yorkshire at collieries in Cortonwood and Bullcliffe Wood. That day the National Coal Board (NCB) announced there would be “accelerated closure” of 20 pits.

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On 12 March 1984, Arthur Scargill, the president of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), called a nationwide strike.

It became the biggest industrial dispute since the general strike in 1926, with 26 million working days lost. It did not come to an official end until a year later, on 3 March 1985.

The NUM and the NCB came into existence after the Second World War. They were part of the consensus, shared by both Labour and the Conservatives, that took much of heavy industry into public ownership.

NUM (National Union of Miners) president Arthur Scargill voices an opinion at a mass rally in Jubilee Gardens, in London, which ended a march through London by miners, during the Miners Strike.
Image:
Arthur Scargill in 1984. Pic: PA

Scargill was a radical left winger who believed a perfect socialist society had never been achieved. Even so, he was right that defeat for the miners would lead to the end of a whole way of life in which the state supported workers and their families, regardless of market forces.

Before the strike he had likened the Thatcher government to “the Nazis” and called for “extra parliamentary action” against “this totally undemocratic government”.

Prime minister Thatcher was right that the deep mine coal industry was uneconomic and subsidised by taxpayers and had been declining in Britain, Europe and North America for decades.

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Lessons to be learned from strikes past, present and what they mean for the future
After 200 years, one of England’s last coal mines is closing (2020)

In Britain there were around a quarter of a million coal miners in 1984 compared to a million in 1922. The number of working collieries was down from over 1,000 to 173. Britain was already switching away from coal as the primary source of energy to natural gas and nuclear. Thatcher was subsequently one of the first leaders to recognise the danger of global warming through hydrocarbon emissions but this was not a principle issue at the time of the strike.

The Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher for her trip down a mine shaft at the Wistow colliery in the Selby coalfield. 14-Mar-1980
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Margaret Thatcher visiting Wistow colliery in 1980. Pic: PA

It was a febrile time in British politics. The previous summer, in the wake of military victory in the Falklands conflict, the Conservatives won a massive majority in the general election.

By the summer of 1984, Mrs Thatcher was calling the NUM “the enemy within”. She intended to elaborate on this theme in her party conference speech in Brighton in October, but it was disrupted by the IRA bombing of the Grand Hotel.

Thatcher was committed to confronting trade union power.

She was well aware that a miners’ strike in the early 1970s had effectively destroyed Ted Heath’s Conservative government. During the three-day week in the winter of 1974 there were daily power cuts around the country. Ministers appealed to the public to wash in two inches of shared bath water. Mr Heath lost the 1974 General Election on the question “Who governs Britain?”.

Blood appears to pour down the face of a policeman as his colleagues lead away a picket from outside the NUM HQ in Sheffield today. Miners were picketing a meeting of the union's executive which is due to vote on whether to hold a national ballot on the continuing strike.
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Sheffield in 1984. Pic: PA

In the popular memory the 1984-1985 strike has been sentimentalised almost exclusively in favour of the strikers and their families. (James Graham’s recent TV series Sherwood is an exception).

During the strike the musician Billy Bragg and the filmmaker Ken Loach challenged audiences with the documentary Which Side Are You On?

Popular films since then, such as Billy Elliott, Brassed Off and Pride have centred on the solidarity of the mining communities and the aid they got from other anti-Thatcher movements including Women Against Pit Closures and Lesbians And Gays Support The Miners. The depth of the lingering passions is encapsulated in the Billy Elliot The Musical song Merry Christmas, Maggie Thatcher: “We celebrate today/ ‘Cause it’s one day closer to your death”.

In reality the miners were not united and the country was not united behind them.

Ranks of police face the picketing line outside Orgreave Coking Plant near Rotherham.
Picture by: PA/PA Archive/PA Images
Date taken: 18-Jun-1984
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Police and strikers at Orgreave Coking Plant near Rotherham in June 1984. Pic: PA

Scargill made the mistake of not holding a national ballot to strike. This meant that the Labour Party, then led by Neil Kinnock, a South Wales miner’s son, did not support the strike.

There was widespread public sympathy for the miners, who faced losing their livelihoods. But opinion polls during the strike showed greater, and strengthening, support for the employers over the strikers. Asked in December 1984 what they thought about the methods being used by the NUM and Scargill, 88% disapproved and 5% didn’t know.

There was near-unanimous backing for the strike in South Wales, Scotland, the North East, Yorkshire and Kent, where many of the richest seams were worked out. Other mining areas, especially Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire in the Midlands, did not go out on strike officially.

Communities were divided. Many angry confrontations took place as local strikers, joined by flying pickets, confronted police protecting those who drove or were bussed into work.

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In Yorkshire, violence between thousands of police and pickets shocked the nation in the so-called “Battle of Orgreave” outside a coking plant. A miner died in a similar confrontation in nearby Maltby. Official statistics record that 51 miners and 72 police were injured at Orgreave.

It was impossible not to get caught in the existential drama.

A Sky News colleague recalls: “I remember my uncle being on strike when I was a kid and I stayed awake in the nights worrying that he wouldn’t be able to buy any dinner and that he’d starve.

“He’s since told me that he had a great time on the buses to London to protest and they had plenty of beer. He had a police officer pal who asked to stand opposite him during the riots so they wouldn’t kick each other too hard.”

Scargill had also miscalculated by calling the strike in the spring when demand for energy was going down. The government had learnt its lesson from previous strikes and ensured stockpiling for at least six months. Scargill liked to say that the visible mounds of coal were like the hair in his combover – piled high around the edges and bald in the middle. He was wrong.

Miners return to work at Betteshanger Colliery after a year on strike.
Picture by: PA/PA Archive/PA Images
Date taken: 11-Mar-1985
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Miners return to work at Betteshanger Colliery after the strike. Pic: PA

Later coal supplies resumed as more desperate miners went back to work, and their overseers in the separate NACODS union did not join the strike.

The government also tightened the law, including a squeeze on welfare payments to families, to make striking more difficult.

A breakaway Union of Democratic Mineworkers was formed. Working miners, encouraged by David Hart, a shadowy Thatcher advisor, went to court to successfully “sequester” the NUM’s assets, which prevented the union from funding the strike.

Meanwhile journalists exposed NUM officials were seeking financial support from the Soviet Union and Libya, although it is denied that any money was ever received.

The NUM was discredited. A return to work by defeated and desperate strikers became inevitable. Union power was decisively broken in de-industrialising Britain.

Arthur Scargill at Dodworth Miners Welfare in Barnsley during the Miner's strike 40th anniversary rally. Picture date: Saturday March 2, 2024.
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Picture by: Danny Lawson/PA Wire/PA Images
Date taken: 02-Mar-2024
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Scargill in Barnsley earlier this month. Pic: PA

Today all Britain’s coal pits are closed, although there is still some open cast mining in the reprivatised industry. Active NUM membership in 2022 was just 82.

To the shame of successive governments there is a legacy of social deprivation in many former mining areas. In a spirit of protest, those left behind there voted strongly for Brexit and then made up much of the “red wall” which switched from Labour to Boris Johnson’s Conservatives in 2019.

The Conservatives were elected twice more immediately after the strike, in 1987 and 1992.

At Westminster an early day motion has been tabled marking this anniversary, paying tribute to the men and women of the strike and demanding an inquiry into its policing. It has attracted the signatures of just 27 MPs, including Jeremy Corbyn and Ian Lavery, who succeeded Scargill as an NUM president.

Scargill is now president of the Socialist Labour Party and the International Miners’ Organisation. Aged 86 he is still making speeches, he supported Brexit and recently demanded solidarity with the Palestinians, according to The Socialist Worker.

For me there could have been no more useful education than reporting on, and seeing how others reported on, the personalities, the events and the issues of the great strike which divided the nation.

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UK economy grows more than expected, according to official figures

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UK economy grows more than expected, according to official figures

The UK economy showed strong growth in the first three months of the year, according to official figures.

Gross domestic product (GDP) – the standard measure of an economy’s value – grew 0.7% in the first quarter of 2025, the Office for National Statistics said.

The rise is better than expected. An increase of just 0.6% was anticipated by economists polled by the Reuters news agency.

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It’s significantly better than the three months previous, in which a slight economic expansion of just 0.1% was reported for the final quarter of 2024.

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The ONS also said there was a small amount of growth last month, as GDP expanded 0.2% in March, which similarly beat expectations.

No growth at all had been forecast for the month.

How did the economy grow?

A large contribution to high GDP growth was an increase in output in the production sector, which rose 1.1%, driven by manufacturing and a 4% increase in water supply, the ONS said.

Also working to push up the GDP figure was 0.7% growth in the biggest part of the UK economy – the services industry.

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Wholesale, retail and computer programming services all performed well in the quarter, as did car leasing and advertising, the ONS said.

It shows the economy was resilient, as the country headed into the global trade war sparked by President Trump’s so-called ‘liberation day’ tariff announcement on 2 April.

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The data is welcome news for a government who have identified growing the economy as its number one priority.

Chancellor Rachel Reeves is taking the figures as a political win, saying the UK economy has grown faster than the US, Canada, France, Italy and Germany.

“Today’s growth figures show the strength and potential of the UK economy, ” she said.

“Up against a backdrop of global uncertainty, we are making the right choices now in the national interest.”

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Such GDP numbers may not continue into April as businesses and consumers were hit with a raft of bill rises, and Mr Trump’s tariffs fired the starting gun on a global trade war.

Last month, water, energy and council tax bills rose across the country while employers faced higher wage costs from the rise in their national insurance contributions and the minimum wage.

But above-inflation wage growth and fading consumer caution could continue to boost the economy.

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Assisted dying law ‘unworkable, unaffordable and naive’ says partnership of UK’s leading social care groups

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Assisted dying law 'unworkable, unaffordable and naive' says partnership of UK's leading social care groups

A partnership of the country’s leading social care and end of life organisations has told Sky News of their deep frustration at being excluded from important discussions around the assisted dying debate – describing the proposed change to the law as “unworkable, unaffordable and naive”.

The Coalition of Frontline Care for People Nearing the End of Life is worried about the impact of introducing assisted dying will have on their three million-strong workforce, which they say is on the frontline for delivering care to terminally ill adults.

The partnership includes The Gold Standards Framework Charity (GSF), National Care Forum (NCF), British Geriatric Society (BGS), Care England (CE) and the Community Hospital Association.

It submitted evidence at the committee stage of the Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill, but was not called to give evidence

Professor Martin Vernon, consultant geriatrician and spokesperson for ethics and law at the British Geriatric Society, told Sky News: “This is a huge problem for us.

“The majority of people this law will impact on are going to be older people with complex needs, and there has been virtually no engagement in the consultation process around this proposed legislation.”

Professor Martin Vernon, Consultant Geriatrician and spokesperson for British Geriatric Society
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Professor Martin Vernon says the majority affected by the bill will be older with complex needs

Professor Vernon and his coalition colleagues are especially concerned about sick and vulnerable adults being pressured into making choices.

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“We then may see, increasingly, older people with life-limiting diagnoses like dementia, like frailty, feeling the need to opt for assisted dying or indeed feeling coerced either by their circumstances or societally,” he added.

“This may place a heavy burden on some individuals to choose assisted dying when, actually, the creation of better alternatives – supportive care, and palliative care to enable them to have a dignified and comfortable last few years of life should be the way to go.”

Caroline Southgate, founder and managing director of home care company Doris Jones, told Sky News there was simply not enough information about the impact assisted dying would have on her staff.

Caroline Southgate, Managing Director, Doris Hill Limited
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‘The way that the bill is presented doesn’t give us enough information,’ Caroline Southgate says

“I think we are concerned that we don’t have enough clarity about how we would train staff, how we support people if they make that decision,” she said.

“At the moment, the way that the bill is presented doesn’t give us enough information to know how we would deal with those issues.

“If someone chooses this route, all I need to know is what’s my role, where are my boundaries?”

Mrs Southgate is also worried about her staff being accused of coercion. Because of the nature of their work, home carers build up a strong bond with the people they tend to, often seeing them multiple times a day.

And sometimes, they might be the only contact their service users have.

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“I think we’ve got lots and lots of experience of being in homes with people, dealing with families, who trust us to look after the person who needs care and support at home,” she added.

“I need to know that we would be insured and protected should a family decide that one of our staff was accused of coercing someone, or the other way around, talking someone out of a situation.

“We really need a lot more information to make that safe for us and to make sure that our staff are really well supported.”

Katy Betz works for Mrs Southgate. She is a trained nurse originally from Germany but has lived and worked as a carer in England for over twenty years.

Kate loves what she does, but echoes the same concerns expressed by her employer: Assisted dying could change the relationship she has with her service users.

Driving along Southend’s seafront, she explains there is little else she and her care colleagues talk about these days.

Katy Betz, Carer, Doris Hill Limited
Image:
Katy Betz tells Sky News the debate on assisted dying is all she and her colleagues talk about

“It is important”, she says. “Even within my friendship group, everyone has got a different opinion, a strong opinion actually.

Katy says she needs more detail: “More training, safeguarding – what do we do? Where do we go? Who needs to be informed about the client’s decision?

“You are there to make their life, and their end of life, bearable and as good as possible. I can’t explain how I deal with it, but I think you just have to be born to deal with it.”

Katy is on her way to see John and Brenda Barber for one of their daily visits. Brenda is 85 and John is 90.

Paul and Brenda

John took Brenda on their date to a jive dance in Southend.

He was twenty years old and had just returned from army service in Gibraltar. Brenda was just sixteen.

They have been inseparable ever since.

John’s arthritis makes every day tasks almost impossible, and he says if he did not have a carer like Katy, his life would be intolerable.

Paul Barber, Relies on home care
Image:
Paul Barber said his life would be intolerable without Katy Betz

He says: “It’s becoming increasingly difficult with different parts of my body. My wife and I are together and that’s what we want. We would never want to be separated.”

There’s a pause while he reflects on that thought. “That’s despite the bickering,” he says before breaking into a mischievous laugh.

The bond that is shared between Katy, John and Brenda is clear to see. They are worried that this might change irreversibly if the assisted dying law is passed.

Katy looks after Paul and Brenda

The Terminally Ill Adults (End of Life) Bill returns to the House of Commons on Friday, where it will face greater scrutiny.

Earlier this week, two Royal Colleges, Physicians and Psychiatrists, withdrew support for the bill, saying it was “not fit for purpose”.

But campaigners in favour of assisted dying have told Sky News the bill includes more protections and safeguards for all dying people than any other jurisdiction where the choice is legal.

Sarah Wootton, chief executive for Dignity in Dying, said: “MPs voted by a clear majority to progress Kim Leadbeater’s Bill in November because they recognised that the blanket ban on assisted dying is failing dying people and their families.

“Every year, dying people are forced to endure unbearable pain, despite good care, travel overseas to die alone, or take matters into their own hands, often dying violent and lonely deaths without support.

“This Bill – already hailed as the strongest in the world – has been strengthened even further during committee stage, with amendments accepted to involve a range of skilled professionals in every application, specific training requirements around coercion, and that assisted dying can only be discussed within the context of all end of life options.”

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Sir Keir Starmer in Albania to tackle ‘revolving door’ of migration

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Sir Keir Starmer in Albania to tackle 'revolving door' of migration

Sir Keir Starmer is in Albania to announce an expanded crackdown on migrant smuggling gangs in the Balkans – a key staging post on the route to Britain.

In the first official visit to the country by a UK prime minister, he hopes to reinforce this week’s tough message about slashing levels of both legal and illegal migration.

Sir Keir is relying on “smashing the gangs” as the government’s policy to tackle small boat crossings, which remain at a record high this year; passing the 10,000 mark last month.

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But working with officials in Albania is seen as a success story in stopping migration at source, partly due to the actions of the previous Conservative government which Sir Keir will build on.

In 2022, arrivals from Albania accounted for around a third of all small boat arrivals – a higher number than from any other country.

Over the past three years, those numbers have been cut by 95%. The number of Albanians returned to their home country has also more than doubled to 5,294 last year, from just over 2,000 two years’ earlier.

More on Migrant Crossings

The prime minister will join Edi Rama, prime minister of Albania since 2013, at the Port of Durres on Thursday to see UK-backed efforts to tackle smuggling gangs and the criminal activities that fund them.

A programme to detect migrants attempting to travel using fake or stolen documents will be expanded, with the UK donating new anti- forgery machines. The government will also invest a further £1m in DNA technology to detect serious criminals on the streets of the UK.

Sir Keir is also expected to express concerns about a “revolving door effect” in which a migrant is returned home, only to evade law enforcement and leave the country again. He will support programmes in northern Albania – where migrants come from – to reintegrate young people and provide them with employment opportunities, the government said.

The prime minister will announce that the joint migration taskforce, with Albania and Kosovo, signed at the end of 2022, will be expanded to include North Macedonia and Montenegro.

The National Crime Agency will share intelligence with law enforcement agencies in these countries and deploy UK funded drones to detect gangsters funnelling migrants through the Western Balkans corridor and on to the UK.

The countries of the Western Balkans – including Serbia, whose government signed an agreement with Sir Keir last year – have for around five years been the key corridor to Europe for migrants from the Middle East, Asia and Africa.

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Sir Keir will say: “Global challenges need shared solutions, and the work the UK and Albania are doing together is delivering security for working people in both countries.

“Our joint work to deter, detect and return illegal migrants is further proof that intervening upstream to protect British shores and secure our borders is the right approach.

“Every step we take to tackle illegal migration overseas, cripple the criminal networks that facilitate it and stem the finance streams that fund it is delivering safer streets in the UK, and reducing the strain on taxpayer funded services.”

On Friday the prime minister will attend the European Political Community summit in the capital Tirana, a forum for European leaders to discuss security challenges in the wake of the war in Ukraine.

It’s expected to be a chance for the UK to discuss key points of a forthcoming defence pact with the EU and the terms of a “reset” of relations ahead of a summit in London next Monday.

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