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President Vladimir Putin faces no real threat in the 2024 Russian elections. Over the past couple of decades, a string of his critics have died – most recently imprisoned opposition leader Alexei Navalny.

Over his more than two decades at the top of the Kremlin, a number of Mr Putin’s opponents have suffered unfortunate fates – including being jailed, shot dead in the street, or poisoned with tea spiked with polonium-210.

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As polling day in Russia approaches, Sky News asks: Who are the people who have dared speak out against Mr Putin or defy the Kremlin, and where are they now?

Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny appears on a screen via a video link from the IK-3 penal colony in Kharp in the Yamal-Nenets region
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Alexei Navalny appears on video link from the IK-3 penal colony. Pic: Reuters

Alexei Navalny

Born to factory owners in a village west of Moscow, Alexei Navalny grew to become perhaps the highest-profile critic of Mr Putin’s time in power.

His political activism, including extensive investigations into high-level corruption and running to be mayor of Moscow, gained him fame – and many believed he posed a threat to Mr Putin.

It was in August 2020 when his fight against the Russian president hit the global headlines.

Mr Navalny fell gravely ill on a flight from Siberia to Moscow and he was flown, still in a coma, to Berlin.

His team accused the Kremlin of poisoning him, a charge the Kremlin denied.

German medics confirmed that he had been poisoned with novichok – a Soviet-era nerve agent – and his recovery took months.

Despite the danger, Mr Navalny elected to return to Russia where he was later arrested, convicted on charges he says are politically motivated, and sent to a Russian penal colony.

Russian officials said Mr Navalny died in prison.

Boris Nadezhdin speaks during a meeting of the Russia's Central Election Commission in Moscow, Russia.
Pic: AP
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Boris Nadezhdin speaks in Moscow. Pic: AP

Boris Nadezhdin

Opposition politician Boris Nadezhdin declared that he would run against Mr Putin in the 2024 presidential election.

Despite doubts that the 60-year-old could present a serious challenge to the incumbent leader, Mr Nadezhdin said he had gathered more than 200,000 signatures from across Russia.

He had surprised some analysts with his strong criticism of what the Kremlin calls its “special military operation” in Ukraine, calling the war a “fatal mistake” and vowing to try to end it through negotiations.

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On 8 February, he said he had been barred from running in the election and the Central Election Commission said it had found flaws in signatures his campaign had collected.

He vowed to appeal to Russia’s supreme court, adding: “Taking part in the presidential election in 2024 is the most important political decision of my life. I am not giving up on my intentions.”

Speaking to Sky News last year, Mr Nadezhdin said he was not afraid of speaking out “because I have a long life” and he had faced death several times.

In this image taken from video released by Razgruzka_Vagnera telegram channel on Monday, Aug. 21, 2023, Yevgeny Prigozhin, the owner of the Wagner Group military company speaks to a camera at an unknown location. (Razgruzka_Vagnera telegram channel via AP)
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From hotdog seller to Wagner Group mercenary chief. Pic: Razgruzka_Vagnera telegram

Yevgeny Prigozhin

The ascension of Yevgeny Prigozhin from a hot dog seller to the boss of a private army which marched on Moscow was remarkable.

His Wagner Group mercenaries were notorious both for their brutality in Ukraine but also their influence in Africa.

Prigozhin became increasingly bold in his criticism of the Russian military and its top command.

A wreckage of the private jet linked to Wagner mercenary chief Yevgeny Prigozhin is seen near the crash site in the Tver region, Russia, August 24, 2023. REUTERS/Marina Lystseva
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Wreckage of the private jet that crashed with Yevgeny Prigozhin on board. Pic: Reuters

When his forces began a march on Moscow from the southern city of Rostov it appeared to be the biggest challenge to Mr Putin for decades, but the apparent coup attempt fizzled halfway to the capital.

In August 2023, he died a fiery death when the private plane he was on crashed north of Moscow, raising suspicions of Kremlin involvement.

The Kremlin denied assassinating Mr Prigozhin, calling accusations of Mr Putin’s involvement “an absolute lie”.

A man holds a portrait of the killed journalist Anna Politkovskaya as a woman lights up a candle during a commemorative rally in St.Petersburg, October 7, 2009. Three years after the murder of Politkovskaya, her family voiced doubts on Tuesday about the guilt of two men accused of a role in her killing and the Kremlin's will to catch the main suspects. REUTERS/Alexander Demianchuk (RUSSIA CRIME LAW CONFLICT POLITICS)
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A commemorative rally in St Petersburg for journalist Anna Politkovskaya in 2009. Pic: Reuters

Anna Politkovskaya

On 7 October 2006 – Mr Putin’s birthday – journalist Anna Politkovskaya was shot in the lobby of her apartment building.

Before her death, she had specialised in investigating human rights abuses in Chechnya and corruption more broadly.

Her killing led to claims that Mr Putin had not done enough to protect the media.

He described the murder as “abominable in its cruelty” and commented that her death caused more problems for the Kremlin than her work.

Read more:
How a KGB agent rose to the top of the Kremlin
Who is jailed opposition leader Alexei Navalny?

Former deputy prime minister and Union of Right Forces (SPS) presidential candidate Boris Nemtsov speaks during an interview at Echo of Moscow radio station in Moscow December 26, 2007. Veteran liberal politician Nemtsov withdrew from Russia's presidential race on Wednesday, saying the opposition needed to put forward a single candidate in the March election. REUTERS/Denis Sinyakov (RUSSIA)
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Boris Nemtsov speaks in Moscow in 2007

Boris Nemtsov

A former deputy prime minister of Russia under President Boris Yeltsin, Boris Nemtsov was a fierce critic of Putin and a prominent opposition leader.

He had been working on a report examining Russia’s role in the conflict in Ukraine in 2015.

But, aged 55, he was killed before it was finished. Mr Nemtsov was shot dead on a bridge just metres from the Kremlin as he walked home at night with his girlfriend.

Five men were found guilty of organising and carrying out the contract killing. Zaur Dadayev, an officer in Chechen leader and Putin ally Ramzan Kadyrov’s security forces, was found guilty of firing the fatal shots.

The Kremlin denied involvement in the killing.

Prominent anti-corruption blogger Alexei Navalny (L) speaks with opposition leader Garry Kasparov during a protest demanding fair elections in central Moscow March 5, 2012. Thousands of protesters chanting "Russia without Putin" took to the streets of Moscow and St Petersburg on Monday to challenge Vladimir Putin's victory in a presidential election which international monitors said was unfair. REUTERS/Sergei Karpukhin (RUSSIA - Tags: POLITICS ELECTIONS CIVIL UNREST)
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Alexei Navalny speaks with Garry Kasparov during a protest in Moscow in 2012. Pic: Reuters

Alexander Litvinenko

A former agent with the Russian FSB security service, Alexander Litvinenko fled Russia and eventually gained British citizenship.

He had accused Mr Putin of corruption and also blamed him for the infamous Moscow apartment bombings which Mr Putin, then prime minister, had used as a reason to start the Second Chechen War in 1999. It proved hugely popular and helped bring him to power.

Litvinenko died in November 2006, weeks after drinking tea that had been poisoned with polonium-210, a rare and very potent radioactive isotope.

The poison was ingested during a meeting with two Russian spies at the Millennium Hotel in London and the killing is thought to have been signed off by Putin himself. Russia has always denied any involvement.

Garry Kasparov

Regarded as one of the greatest chess players of all time, Garry Kasparov has been living in exile in New York since 2013.

The former world champion had become an impassioned campaigner against Mr Putin’s rule and took part in some of the mass opposition street protests organised by Alexei Navalny.

He has said he fears arrest were he to return to Russia.

Ravil Maganov, right, with Russian President Vladimir Putin in 2019
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Ravil Maganov with President Vladimir Putin in 2019. Pic: Reuters

Ravil Maganov

The chairman of the board of Russia’s second largest oil producer Lukoil, Ravil Maganov had openly criticised the war in Ukraine.

In a statement in March 2022, the board called for the “soonest termination of the armed conflict” and expressed “sincere empathy for all victims”.

It added: “We strongly support a lasting ceasefire and a settlement of problems through serious negotiations and diplomacy.”

In September that year, 67-year-old Mr Maganov died after apparently falling from a sixth-floor window at the Central Clinical Hospital in Moscow.

Paul Klebnikov. Pic: AP
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Paul Klebnikov. Pic: AP

Paul Klebnikov

Investigative journalist, Paul Klebnikov, an American of Russian descent, was killed outside his office in a drive-by shooting in Moscow in 2004.

He was the editor of Forbes Russia and had written about corruption.

Forbes had also published a list of the country’s richest people.

Natalia Estemirova
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Chechen journalist and activist Natalia Estemirova. Pic: Reuters

Natalia Estemirova

Natalia Estemirova was an award-winning human rights campaigner who had collected evidence of abuses in Chechnya since the start of the second war there in 1999.

She was kidnapped near her home on 15 July 2009 in the Chechen capital, Grozny.

Several hours later her body was found in an area of woodland, with gunshots wounds to the head and chest.

Then president Dmitry Medvedev rejected claims that Chechnyan leader Ramzan Kadyrov was responsible and suggested the killing had been carried out to discredit the Kremlin.

Maria Maksakova (2nd R), widow of Russian former lawmaker Denis Voronenkov who was recently killed by an assailant, and Russian former parliamentarian Ilya Ponomarev (R) attend a burial service at a cathedral in Kiev, Ukraine, March 25, 2017. REUTERS/Valentyn Ogirenko
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Maria Maksakova, widow of Denis Voronenkov, at his memorial service in Ukraine. Pic: Reuters

Denis Voronenkov

A former Russian politician, Denis Voronenkov was an outspoken critic of Mr Putin.

Previously a member of the communist faction in the lower house of Russian parliament, Mr Voronenkov fled to Ukraine in 2016 and was granted Ukrainian citizenship.

He was shot and killed in Kyiv in March 2017.

Ukraine’s then president Petro Poroshenko described his killing as an “act of state terrorism” by Russia – an accusation rejected by the Kremlin.

Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky arrives at a division of the High Court in London January 18, 2012. Russian billionaire and owner of Chelsea football club Roman Abramovich and Berezovsky are locked in a $6 billion legal battle in London's Commercial Court, with Berezovsky accusing his former protege of intimidating him in 2000 into selling shares in oil company Sibneft at a fraction of their value. REUTERS/Stefan Wermuth (BRITAIN - Tags: CRIME LAW ENERGY SOCIETY)
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Russian oligarch Boris Berezovsky. Pic: Reuters

Boris Berezovsky

Former billionaire Boris Berezovsky had been living in exile in Britain since 2000 when he was found dead in 2013.

He made his fortune in Russia in the 1990s during the mass sell off of state assets following the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Once incredibly rich, in his later years his fortune is believed to have dwindled.

James Nixey, head of Chatham House’s Russia programme, previously described him as “the most virulently anti-Kremlin, anti-Putin of the oligarchs”.

“He was certainly willing to spend his money, what little he had left, in an attempt to use it to end the current regime in Russia.”

Mr Berezovsky was found dead at his home in Berkshire. An inquest recorded an open verdict amid conflicting evidence about the way his body was found hanged.

Sergei Skripal and his daughter were targeted in novichok attack in Salisbury
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Forensic workers in Salisbury after the poisoning of Sergei Skripal and his daughter. Pic: PA

Sergei Skripal

Formerly a colonel with Russian military intelligence before leaving in 1999, Sergei Skripal went on to work at the country’s foreign ministry until 2003.

He was arrested in Moscow a year later and confessed to having been recruited by British intelligence in 1995.

He said he had given information to British intelligence about Russian agents in Europe in return for around $100,000 (£79,300).

Mr Skripal was jailed but later released in a spy swap and moved to the UK.

In 2018, along with his daughter, he was poisoned with the nerve agent novichok but the pair survived the attack.

The Kremlin denied that Russia was in any way involved in the poisoning, describing British accusations that an attack had been approved by senior Russian officials as “unacceptable”.

Sergei Yushenkov was shot dead in 2003 Pic: AP
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Sergei Yushenkov was shot dead in 2003 Pic: AP

Sergei Yushenkov

Liberal Russian politician Sergei Yushenkov was shot dead in a Moscow suburb in 2003.

A member of the State Duma and former colonel in the Soviet army, Mr Yushenkov was shot several times outside his apartment building.

He had been involved in setting up the Liberal Russia Party, which had achieved full registration just hours before he was killed.

Mr Yushenkov had been willing to speak out against Putin and the war in Chechnya.

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Epstein victims express shock and outrage over incomplete release of files

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Epstein victims express shock and outrage over incomplete release of files

Several victims of Jeffrey Epstein have told Sky News that the incomplete release of the files relating to the dead paedophile financier have left them feeling shocked, outraged and disappointed.

Thousands of files relating to Epstein, who died in prison in 2019 while awaiting trial on sex trafficking charges, were made public late on Friday – but only a fraction of them have been released so far, with many heavily redacted.

‘Nothing transparent about release’

Marina Lacerda, a Brazilian-born survivor who suffered sexual abuse by Epstein as a teenager, expressed her disappointment over the incomplete release, calling it “a slap in our faces”.

“We were all excited yesterday before the files came out,” she told Sky News presenter Anna Botting.

“And when they did come out, we were just in shock, and we see that there is nothing there that is transparent. So it’s very sad, it’s very disappointing.”

Ms Lacera said she had just turned 14 when she met Epstein before “our relationship, our friendship I should say” ended when she was 17.

More on Jeffrey Epstein


There is nothing transparent about Epstein files release, Marina Lacerda says

“At that point, he had made it very clear to me that I was old, that I was no longer fun for him. So, he booted me out, and I was no longer needed for him,” she said.

Epstein files – latest updates

The Department of Justice (DoJ) suggests that 1,200 victims and their families have effectively been shielded from view in the released documents.

Ms Lacera said: “From what I know, [the number of Epstein victims] is over a thousand, but that’s just what the DoJ can collect or the FBI can collect, but I presume there may be more than that.”

Marina Lacerda spoke outside the US Capitol in favour of the Epstein Files Transparency Act. Pic: AP
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Marina Lacerda spoke outside the US Capitol in favour of the Epstein Files Transparency Act. Pic: AP

‘No way it’s not a cover-up’

Ashley Rubright met the late sex offender when she was just 15 in Palm Beach and was subject to abuse over several years.

Asked about her dissatisfaction with yesterday’s government release and if there was a sense of a cover-up operation, she noted that there had been knowledge of Epstein’s crimes “for so, so long”.

“There’s no way that there’s not a cover-up – what it is, I don’t know,” she told Sky News’ US correspondent James Matthews.

“I just hope that nobody’s allowed to fly under the radar with their involvement.”


Ashley Rubright says ‘there’s no way there’s not a cover-up’

Regarding the extent of the redactions, she said: “I’m so not shocked, but let down. Disappointed.

“Seeing […] completely redacted pages, there’s no way that that’s just to protect the victims’ identities, and there better be a good reason. I just don’t know if we’ll ever know what that is.

“We’ve been left behind since day one. That’s why I think we’re all fighting so loud now, because we’re tired of it.”

Ashley Rubright speaks at a rally in support of Epstein victims. Pic: Reuters
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Ashley Rubright speaks at a rally in support of Epstein victims. Pic: Reuters

‘He wanted to man-handle me’

Another survivor, Alicia Arden, told Sky News that she met Epstein in a California hotel room in 1997 for an audition, when she was a 25-year-old model and actress.

“He let me in and he started looking over my portfolio, which is customary to do in a talent audition, and then he insinuated, ‘oh, you should come closer to me and let me see your body’,” she said.

Epstein then started “taking off my top and my pants and touching my rear end and my breasts”.

“He goes, ‘let me come over here and spin for me and let me man-handle you. Let me man-handle you.’ And I got very nervous and started to cry. I said, ‘I have to go, Jeffrey. I don’t really think this is gonna work out’,” Ms Arden said.

“He got a phone call and I was crying in front of him. And he said, ‘I have this beautiful girl in front of me and she’s very upset’. I said ‘I’m gonna leave’ and he offered me $100 and I said ‘I’m not a prostitute’.”

Alicia Arden
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Alicia Arden

She said she went to the Santa Monica Police Department to file a report.

“That was as difficult, and I’m like shaking telling you, but as difficult as being in the hotel room with him because they weren’t supportive at all about it,” she said. Her redacted report was included in previous files.

‘Epstein was a monster’

Asked what she thought about Epstein now, she said: “He’s a monster […] and just horrible. I mean, I’m trembling thinking about him and talking about him.

“If I could do anything, I’m happy I got the police report filed. If they would have pursued him and maybe gone over the hotel [where he was] essentially living, then I could have maybe saved the girls. I’ve always thought that.”

Ms Arden's redacted police report. Pic: AP
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Ms Arden’s redacted police report. Pic: AP

Ms Arden does not believe she has seen justice as one of Epstein’s victims.

“I want to see all of the files come out. I want all of the men in there or women that were trafficking these girls, and they shouldn’t be able to walk around free and not pay for if they did something,” she said.

“They should be actually arrested if they’re in the files and it’s proven that they did horrible things to these girls, and they should lose their jobs, their lives, their homes, their money, and pay for what they did, and it was all supposed to come out, and it hasn’t.”

Jeffrey Epstein died in prison in 2019 while awaiting trial on federal sex trafficking charges
Image:
Jeffrey Epstein died in prison in 2019 while awaiting trial on federal sex trafficking charges

‘I feel redeemed’ by file release

Maria Farmer, who made a complaint to the Miami FBI in 1996 in which she alleged that Epstein stole and sold photos she had taken of her 12- and 16-year-old sisters, expressed gratitude for the release of the files.

“This is amazing. Thank you for believing me. I feel redeemed. This is one of the best days of my life,” she said in a statement through her lawyers.

“I’m crying for two reasons. I want everyone to know that I am shedding tears of joy for myself, but also tears of sorrow for all the other victims that the FBI failed.”

Annie Farmer holds a photo of herself and her sister, Maria Farmer, when they were victims of Epstein. Pic: AP
Image:
Annie Farmer holds a photo of herself and her sister, Maria Farmer, when they were victims of Epstein. Pic: AP

A positive-leaning reaction also came from Dani Bensky, who said she was sexually abused by Epstein when she was 17 years old.

She told Sky News’ US partner network NBC News: “There is part of me that feels a bit validated at this moment, because I think so many of us have been saying, ‘No, this is real, like, we’re not a hoax’.

“There’s so much information, and yet not as much as we may have wanted to see.”

‘It is not over’

Lawyer Gloria Allred, who has represented several Epstein victims, told Sky News about the partial release on Friday: “It’s very disappointing that all of the files were not released yesterday as required and, in fact, mandated by law.

“The law didn’t say they could do this over a period of time, it didn’t say that weeks could go by.”

Lawyer Gloria Allred
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Lawyer Gloria Allred

Deputy attorney general Mr Blanche said additional file disclosures can be expected by the end of the year.

“But that’s not what the law says. So clearly, the law has been violated. And it’s the Department of Justice letting down the survivors once again,” Ms Allred said.

The lawyer labelled the incomplete release of the files a “distraction”, adding: “This is not over, and it won’t be over until we get the truth and transparency for the survivors.”

Read more:
Links between Epstein and UK revealed
Photos of Jeffrey Epstein’s circle among files
Writing on body seen in images released by Democrats
Trump, Clinton, Andrew and others seen in previous release

‘Only redactions required by law’

The tranche of material was released just hours before a legal deadline in the US following the passing of the Epstein Files Transparency Act – and at the same time as a US strike targeting Islamic State fighters in Syria.

The US deputy attorney general, Todd Blanche, said the justice department was continuing to review the remaining files and was withholding some documents under exemptions meant to protect the victims.

But Sky News’ James Matthews said the significance of the files “is undermined by the lack of context”, while some Democrats and Republicans criticised the partial release as failing to “comply with law”.


Epstein files release has become ‘a political football’

Meanwhile, the justice department has defended the redactions made in the released files.

“The only redactions being applied to the documents are those required by law – full stop. Consistent with the statute and applicable laws, we are not redacting the names of individuals or politicians unless they are a victim,” it quoted deputy attorney general Mr Blanche in a post on X.

The Trump administration has claimed to be the most transparent in history.

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In a statement, the White House claimed the release also demonstrated its commitment to justice for Epstein’s victims, criticising previous Democratic administrations for not doing the same.

But that statement ignored that the disclosures only happened because Congress forced the administration’s hand with a bill demanding the release, after Trump officials declared earlier this year that no more Epstein files would be made public.

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Deadline-day release of Epstein files has White House media management written all over it

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Deadline-day release of Epstein files has White House media management written all over it

Can it be a coincidence that US planes attacked Syria around the very time the Epstein files were released?

It would be cynical – but then again, it would be how politics works.

The deadline-day release of the Epstein files had White House media management written all over it, unredacted.

Initial searches for Trump’s name within the Department of Justice search function returned nothing, while the presence of former president Bill Clinton, on the other hand, was everywhere.

It is PR strategy 101 – front-load the release of documents with the Democrat stuff and save any possible Trump content for a soft landing sometime between Christmas and New Year.

Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein. Pic: NBC
Image:
Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein. Pic: NBC

Epstein files latest: What we found inside – as critics accuse ‘document dump’ of breaking law

By that time, the public will have softened its focus on the story – it’s what the festive season does.

The presence of celebrity in the latest release might also feather Trump’s bed.

It’s clear that iconic superstars like Mick Jagger and Diana Ross were courted by Epstein as innocents, ignorant of his criminality. To see them in the files cements a narrative of a monster who lured the unsuspecting into his orbit.

We support Jagger and Ross as treasured icons, so we remind ourselves that simply being included in the files doesn’t equate to wrongdoing or knowledge of it. In turn, it shapes an empathy around the predicament that will extend to Trump and, perhaps, the benefit of any doubt.

Of course, not everyone will see it that way – the people who see a cynical exercise in delay and obfuscation, constituting a gross insult to the Epstein survivors at the heart of the story.

Jeffrey Epstein and Michael Jackson. Pic: US DoJ
Image:
Jeffrey Epstein and Michael Jackson. Pic: US DoJ

Read more:
Mystery text quoting price for ‘girl’ included in new pictures
Trump administration criticised over partial Epstein files release

For all the talk (by the Trump administration) of a tight time scale and a willingness to act transparently, survivors and their supporters point out that Donald Trump could have published all the Epstein files long ago, never mind drip feed them with wide-ranging redactions.

Not to have done so is an affront to them and an attempt to evade accountability.

For all the talk about the release of the files, their significance is undermined by the lack of context. We are shown pictures and documents that reflect the life of a thoroughly unpleasant individual who inflicted suffering on an industrial scale. But with redactions, and without explanations, we are left having to join the dots in an effort to establish criminal behaviour and blame.

It is a level of uncertainty surrounding the Epstein files and a source of dissatisfaction to survivors, for whom justice further delayed is justice further denied.

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Ukraine ‘hits Russian tanker in Mediterranean Sea for first time’

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Ukraine 'hits Russian tanker in Mediterranean Sea for first time'

Ukraine has struck a Russian tanker in the Mediterranean Sea for the first time, a Kyiv intelligence source has said.

The ship, called the Qendil, suffered “critical damage” in the attack, according to a member of the SBU, Ukraine’s internal security agency.

The tanker is said to be part of Russia’s so-called “shadow fleet” – a group of ageing vessels that Kyiv alleges helps Moscow exports large quantities of crude oil despite Western sanctions.

The ‌SBU source said Ukrainian ​drones hit the ship in neutral waters more than 2,000 kilometres (1,243 miles) ‌from Ukraine.

They said: “Russia used this tanker to circumvent sanctions and earn money that went to the war against Ukraine.

“Therefore, from the point of view of international law and the laws and customs of war, this is an absolutely legitimate target for the SBU.

“The enemy must understand that Ukraine will not stop and will strike it anywhere in the world, wherever it may be.”


Michael Clarke discusses Ukraine’s strike on the tanker

The vessel ‍was empty at the time of the attack, the Ukrainian source added.

Speaking during a live TV event, Vladimir Putin, the Russian president, claimed the attack would not disrupt supplies, but vowed that Russia would retaliate nonetheless.

He added that Russia regularly responded with “much stronger strikes” against Ukraine.

Putin also warned against any threat to blockade Russia’s coastal exclave Kaliningrad, which he said would “just lead to unseen escalation of the conflict” and could trigger a “large-scale international conflict”.

Read more:
The mercenaries fighting for Russia
British man who fought for Ukraine jailed

Sky military analyst Michael Clarke said Ukraine’s claim about causing significant damage to the ship was “probably true”.

He added: “The Ukrainians obviously feel that they can legitimise this sort of operation.”

The Qendil, pictured near Istanbul last month. Pic: Reuters
Image:
The Qendil, pictured near Istanbul last month. Pic: Reuters

The attack comes after the European Union announced it would provide a €90bn (£79bn) interest-free loan to Ukraine.

Oleksandr Merezhko, the chairman of the foreign affairs committee in the Ukrainian parliament, told Sky News that the money would “tremendously enhance” Kyiv’s defensive capabilities.

However, he said the International Monetary Fund estimated that Ukraine needed $137bn to “keep running”.

“The aggressor should be punished”, Mr Merezhko added, as he argued that frozen Russian assets in Europe should be used to help fund his country’s defence.

He vowed that Ukraine would “continue to fight” for the move, adding that it was “a matter of justice”.

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