Harvard University has removed human skin binding from a 19th century book housed in its library.
The book is a copy of Des Destinées de l’âme, a meditation on the soul and life after death, first published by French novelist Arsène Houssaye in 1879.
The author handed the book to his friend and physician Dr Ludovic Bouland in the early 1880s, who bound the book with the skin of an anonymous dead female patient, without her consent, in a hospital he worked as a medical student in the 1860s.
A handwritten note by Dr Bouland inside the volume states that “a book about the human soul deserved to have a human covering”.
The note also describes the process used to treat the skin so it could bind the text.
It has been in Harvard’s collections since 1934, later transferred to the institution’s Houghton Library.
Harvard announced the human remains were no longer in the library due to “the ethically fraught nature of the book’s origins and subsequent history”.
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Image: Harvard’s Houghton Library has had the book in its collection for decades. Pic: iStock
The university said the skin would be placed into “respectful temporary storage” to “restore dignity to the woman” it belonged to.
In 2014, the library had the binding tested using a scientific process known as peptide mass fingerprinting, which confirmed the human origin.
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Harvard apologised for “falling short of an ethic of care” in its stewardship of the book, saying the library had first published “sensationalist” blog posts centring on its “morbid nature” instead of the lack of consent by the patient or the morality surrounding the book.
The Ivy League institution added students who worked in the Houghton Library years ago apparently underwent initiations where they were asked to get the book without knowing it included human skin.
The library is conducting further research into the book, Dr Bouland and the anonymous patient.
Previously, the text was available to anyone who requested it. Now, the disbound copy is off limits but can be consulted through Harvard’s online library catalogue.
“I forgive him.” They were three little words, and yet, they were huge.
In a stadium packed to capacity, Erika Kirk’s address to an assassin was delivered in tears and received with silence until the crowd grew into applause.
“The answer to hate is not hate,” she added. It is, perhaps, the message America needs to hear most and the one it has heard least.
Image: President Donald Trump embraces Erika Kirk. Pic: AP
Image: Erika Kirk wipes tears from her eyes during her speech. Pic: AP
The memorial to Charlie Kirk felt like a Republican state funeral in all but name.
This was MAGA in mourning, an occasion that laid bare the influence of Charlie Kirk and his politics.
They had travelled in their tens of thousands to the State Farm Stadium in Glendale, Arizona.
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1:57
Charlie Kirk’s supporters pay tribute at memorial
They saluted a conservative icon and the dress code crafted a patriotic spectacle in red, white and blue.
It was an act of remembrance on a stadium scale, huge in size and sentiment. It was also big on politics.
From the president down, the Trump administration’s top tier spoke of politics after 10 September, the day Charlie Kirk was killed.
Image: Attendees listen as President Donald Trump speaks. Pic: AP
Image: A woman is overcome with emotion while watching a Charlie Kirk tribute video. Pic: AP
This was a Republican movement in one place, with one microphone, after an assassination that accelerated the tectonic shift in US politics.
A week and a half since the assassination, political reaction has distilled into a war over freedom of speech and that was revisited by the president, even if he reserved most of his speech to pay homage to Charlie Kirk.
The White House decanted a full team from Washington DC to Arizona.
They came for reasons of sympathy and bereavement, of course. It was also an occasion laced with politics.
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2:41
‘We speak for Charlie louder than ever’ – Vance
This was Washington’s travelling roadshow swinging by the support that Charlie built.
The same support was critical in helping Donald Trump back into power at the last election, and the challenge confronting the White House is in harnessing that vote in his absence and carrying it forward.
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The producer of Charlie Kirk’s podcast has claimed that a “miracle” stopped more people being killed by the bullet that hit the right-wing influencer.
Andrew Kolvet claimed to have spoken to a surgeon that tried to save Mr Kirk’s life, and posted on social media to discuss the apparent lack of an exit wound.
A prominent right-wing figure in the US, Mr Kirk was a staunch ally of President Donald Trump and was known for his conservative viewpoints on abortion, religion and LGBT issues.
Mr Trump and other public figures are expected to be in Arizonaon Sunday for a memorial service for Mr Kirk which is expected to draw 100,000 people.
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0:50
Prosecutors detail case against Charlie Kirk’s alleged killer
Mr Kolvet, executive producer of the Charlie Kirk Show, apologised for the “somewhat graphic” nature of his post on X.
In it, he discussed what he said was a lack of an exit wound from the bullet, despite it being “a high powered, high velocity round”.
Mr Kolvet included what he said were quotes from a surgeon who operated on Mr Kirk.
“It was an absolute miracle that someone else didn’t get killed,” Mr Kolvet quoted the surgeon as saying.
“His bone was so healthy and the density was so so impressive that he’s like the man of steel. It should have just gone through and through. It likely would have killed those standing behind him too.”
Mr Kolvet said what happened was “remarkable” and “miraculous”.
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0:55
Crowds chant at Charlie Kirk vigil at Texas university
President Trump and JD Vance are expected to be among the prominent MAGA members who will pay tribute to Mr Kirk at the memorial event.
It will take place at State Farm Stadium, the home of the Arizona Cardinals NFL team, amid a heavy law enforcement presence.
Image: State Farm Stadium in Arizona. Pic: Reuters
President Trump has blamed the “radical left” for the death of Mr Kirk, whom he credited for helping him win the 2024 presidential election.
It comes as the death of Mr Kirk has turned into a debate over the First Amendment.
While they have repeatedly criticised what they claim are assaults on free speech, members of the MAGA movement appear to be taking a different stance when the subject is one of their own, launching attacks on people they deem to be making disparaging comments about Mr Kirk.
Dozens of people, from journalists to teachers, have already lost their jobs for allegedly making offensive comments about the podcaster.
Late-night chat show host Jimmy Kimmel was pulled from the air indefinitely by ABC following a backlash from the Trump-appointed head of the Federal Communications Commission over the comedian’s remarks about Mr Kirk.
The State Department also has warned it would revoke the visas of any foreigners who celebrated his assassination.
Lawyers for Luigi Mangione have called on a judge to block federal prosecutors from seeking the death penalty against him.
Mangione’s legal team says the 27-year-old’s case has been turned into a “Marvel movie” after a failed bid by the US Justice Department to indict him on terrorism charges over the fatal shooting of UnitedHealthcare chief executive Brian Thompson in New York on 4 December.
New York state judge Gregory Carro said there was no evidence that the killing, which took place as Mr Thompson walked into an investor conference at the New York Hilton Midtown hotel, amounted to a terrorist act.
But Judge Carro upheld second-degree murder charges, which suggest there was malicious intent – but not that it was premeditated.
US Attorney General Pam Bondi has called for Mangione to face capital punishment, describing the charges against him as a “premeditated cold-blooded assassination that shocked America”.
But in the new court filing, Mangione’s legal team argues federal prosecutors have “violated Mr Mangione’s constitutional and statutory rights” by “staging a dehumanizing, unconstitutional ‘perp walk’ where he was televised, videotaped, and photographed clambering out of a helicopter in shackles” on the way to his first court appearance.
The legal team, led by former Manhattan prosecutor Karen Friedman Agnifilo, also claims the death penalty case has been “fatally prejudiced” after President Donald Trump commented on it on Fox News.
Despite laws that prohibit any pre-trial commentary that could prejudice the defendant’s right to a free trial, he told the network on Thursday: “Think about Mangione. He shot someone in the back, as clear as you’re looking at me or I’m looking at you.”
Image: UnitedHealthcare chief executive Brian Thompson.
Pic: UnitedHealth Group/AP
The defence team’s 114-page court filing reads: “There is a high bar to dismissing an indictment due to pretrial publicity.
“However, there has never been a situation remotely like this one where prejudice has been so great against a death-eligible defendant.”
Federal prosecutors have until 31 October to respond to the documents.
Mangione has pleaded not guilty to all the state charges against him, which cannot result in the death penalty and only life imprisonment, unlike federal ones. He has also pleaded not guilty to the federal charges.
He is due back in court for a pre-trial hearing in the state case on 1 December and the federal case on 5 December.
The 27-year-old was arrested five days after Mr Thompson was killed – when he was spotted at a McDonald’s in Altoona, Pennsylvania, around 230 miles west of New York City.