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An E.coli outbreak that has made more than 200 people sick has been traced to lettuce – so is it safe to eat?

The Food Standards Agency (FSA) told Sky News it is “too early to determine” how the lettuce leaves may have become contaminated – but it is “confident” that is the source.

Three companies have recalled dozens of sandwiches and wraps sold at supermarkets as a precautionary measure.

So how can lettuce end up carrying E.coli – and does this mean a summer without salad?

How could it happen?

There are three main ways lettuce leaves could have been contaminated with E.coli, according to Professor Jim Monaghan, professor of crop science at Harper Adams University in Shropshire.

E.coli “essentially wants to be inside the guts of warm-blooded animals”, he says, but pathogenic strains can be found in between 10-15% of dairy herds – which means a minority of manure is contaminated with it.

That manure – and the E.coli it carries – can end up on lettuce leaves in cases of direct contamination.

In cases of indirect contamination, the bacteria may get into the soil or water and be transferred to the lettuce that way.

How do farmers prevent contamination?

If farmers use manure to fertilise a field, they have to wait at least a year before they can plant lettuce there.

They must also test the water they are using for irrigation to see if E.coli is present.

“For a lettuce grower, if you’re irrigating a crop with water, if you’re not comfortable drinking that water, then you wouldn’t be irrigating the crop,” Prof Monaghan tells Sky News.

That doesn’t mean they need to irrigate with chlorine-treated tap water, he adds, but it must meet an “acceptable standard”.

Salad growers will also risk assess their sites and avoid planting salad in any areas prone to flooding to avoid potential water contamination.

The FSA has not revealed whether the lettuce came from a UK-based farm or was imported from abroad.

The latest figures show 211 cases of E-coli have been confirmed as of 11 June – and at least 67 people have required hospital treatment.

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How does E.coli spread?

Should you be worried about eating lettuce?

Prof Monaghan says he hasn’t changed his lettuce-buying habits in response to the recent outbreak.

“I have a bag of spinach and two whole head lettuces in my fridge at the moment. So knowing what I know about how UK growers manage their risks, to me that’s fine,” he says.

“But clearly something’s gone wrong.”

However, he notes a couple of things – beyond the usual rules growers must follow – that have reassured him about buying salad.

“One is it would appear that the product that’s caused a problem has left the supply chain,” he says.

The second is that everyone involved in salad production – from growers to salad and sandwich manufacturers – will be “sampling like crazy”.

Does washing salad leaves get rid of E.coli?

Once it reaches the factory, lettuce will be rinsed to remove surface contamination. Then chlorine is used to reduce the level of bacteria before it is rinsed again.

That is “effective to a certain extent”, Prof Monaghan says, but it does not eliminate bacteria entirely.

The same goes for washing lettuce at home – it will reduce the amount of bacteria, but not get rid of it.

Read more:
What are the symptoms of E.coli infection?
Full list of products recalled by sandwich suppliers

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How does the weather have an impact?

The recent wet weather could have created conditions where E.coli can more easily survive.

On a hot, sunny day, leaves will dry off quickly, reducing the chance of water contamination.

They will also be irradiated by UV rays, killing bacteria.

But on wet, overcast days, there is not the same opportunity for bacteria to be killed off, Prof Monaghan says.

We have had a damp start to the summer – and similar weather has been seen in Spain, Italy and France – all countries that import lettuce to the UK.

Why is it so difficult to trace the root cause?

Darren Whitby, head of incidents at the FSA, said identifying the source of the E.coli was a “complex and ongoing investigation”.

Part of the reason it’s so difficult to trace is because the contaminated products are a very small proportion of the sandwiches on supermarket shelves, Prof Monaghan says.

Then there’s the fact the products in question have a shelf life of days.

“Two days after a sandwich is made, you won’t find that sandwich again,” Prof Monaghan says.

“It’s either been eaten or it’s been taken off the shelf.”

The FSA has been investigating the issue along with the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Food Standards Scotland and devolved public health agencies, businesses and local authorities.

Through epidemiological investigations and whole genome sequence analysis, they narrowed down the common foods consumed by people who had fallen ill to a small number of salad leaf products used in sandwiches, wraps, subs and rolls.

Dozens of products were recalled; while no E.coli had been found in them, it was a “precautionary measure” in case they were contaminated.

The fact E.coli was not found in the products indicates it has left the supply chain. “There’s no smoking gun,” Prof Monaghan says.

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Sharaz Ali found guilty of murdering ex-partner’s sister and her three children in Bradford house fire

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Sharaz Ali found guilty of murdering ex-partner's sister and her three children in Bradford house fire

A man has been found guilty of murdering his ex-partner’s sister and her three children in a house fire.

Prosecutors said Sharaz Ali, 40, was “motivated by jealousy and fuelled by drink and drugs” when he set fire to Bryonie Gawith’s home early on 21 August last year.

Jurors heard that Ali went to the home in Westbury Road, Bradford, aiming to “take revenge” on his ex, Antonia Gawith, who was staying there after ending their “abusive” seven-year relationship earlier that month.

Antonia Gawith managed to escape, but Bryonie Gawith, 29, and her children Denisty Birtle, nine, Oscar Birtle, five, and 22-month-old Aubree Birtle died in the blaze.

Bryonie Gawith and her children Denisty, Oscar and Aubree Birtle died in the fire
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Bryonie Gawith and her children Denisty, Oscar and Aubree Birtle died in the fire


Ali told a jury he had no intention of harming others when the house went up in flames, saying: “I didn’t want to hurt anyone but myself.”

But after a trial at Doncaster Crown Court, he was found guilty of four counts of murder and attempting to murder Antonia Gawith.

Calum Sunderland, 26, who went with Ali to the house and kicked the door in for him, was found guilty of the manslaughter of Bryonie Gawith and her three children, but cleared of the more serious charges of murder.

He was also cleared of attempted murder, and an alternative count of attempting to cause grievous bodily harm, in relation to Antonia Gawith.

Calum Sunderland. Pic: West Yorkshire Police
Image:
Calum Sunderland. Pic: West Yorkshire Police

Mohammed Shabir, 45, who had also been due to go on trial, died of a heart attack in October after collapsing in prison.

After the verdicts, the judge, Mr Justice Hilliard, thanked jurors and said the case had been “distressing beyond measure – three children and their mother murdered”.

“I don’t think anyone who heard Antonia’s desperate cries for help will ever forget them,” he said.

“These are truly dreadful crimes.”

The judge also praised the “extraordinary bravery” of those who tried to save the children trapped in the house.

Ali and Sunderland, a convicted arsonist, were driven to the house by Shabir, stopping on the way to fill a seven-litre canister with petrol, the court heard.

Doorbell footage captured Ali telling Sunderland, who was carrying the petrol and a lighter, to “kick the door in”, which he did before running back to the car.

Antonia Gawith said she saw an “angry” Ali run into the house and begin pouring petrol on her while shouting before setting himself and the house on fire.

Antonia Gawith outside Doncaster Crown Court. Pic: PA
Image:
Antonia Gawith outside Doncaster Crown Court. Pic: PA

‘I couldn’t save them’

In a video interview played to jurors, she sobbed as she told police how she “couldn’t save” her sister, nieces and nephew, as she tried frantically to get back in the house through the back door.

“I was just screaming, trying to get back in the house and I couldn’t get in. I couldn’t save them,” she said.

Read more from Sky News:
‘Depraved predator’ jailed for rapes and sexual assaults
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West Yorkshire Police’s Detective Chief Inspector Stacey Atkinson said: “Bryonie and her three children would still be alive today if it wasn’t for the horrific and truly callous actions of Ali and Sunderland that day.

“They left a mum and her three children completely helpless whilst her sister and their auntie watched on in horror.

“Our thoughts and sympathies are with the family, who despite their immense strength of character now face the rest of their lives without them.”

Senior Crown Prosecution Service prosecutor Amanda McInnes said Ali was a “selfish killer who had no regard for anyone but himself”.

“He was motivated by jealousy and his actions have now needlessly robbed a family of their loved ones,” she said.

“Both men played their role and caused the deaths of a young family who should still be with us today.”

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‘I didn’t know where to turn’: Why ethnic minorities with gambling addictions struggle to get help

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'I didn't know where to turn': Why ethnic minorities with gambling addictions struggle to get help

On a dark December morning two years ago, Kiki Marriott left her flat and started walking.

Content warning: This article contains references to suicide.

It was 5am, and she was heading for the station.

“I was numb at that point,” she says.

“I was just so done with trying to survive and just existing… feeling extremely lonely and isolated and didn’t know where to turn.”

She was trapped in a cycle of addiction, gambling all hours and taking cocaine for the maximum buzz.

'I didn't know where to turn,' says Kiki
Image:
‘I didn’t know where to turn,’ says Kiki

“I sat at the train station thinking about my daughter, thinking about the mistakes that I’ve made in the past, thinking that I didn’t want to live this life any more.”

Kiki was waiting for the first train.

But that train was late. And she changed her mind.

Instead of taking her own life, she decided to seek help.

Yet what she would find on that journey of recovery would shock her.

“I just realised that there wasn’t anybody that looked like me, sounded like me, and it got me to thinking, well I can’t be the only black woman suffering with a gambling or cocaine addiction.”

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‘I can’t be the only black woman suffering addiction’

Racial disparities

Research has shown that people from ethnic minority backgrounds are less likely to gamble than white people, but are more likely to suffer harm from gambling.

Despite that, too often they do not seek help.

And YouGov statistics shared exclusively with Sky News shed a light on why.

The survey of 4,000 adults for GamCare, which runs the National Gambling Helpline, found that two-thirds of people from ethnic minority backgrounds who’d gambled in the past year had spent more money than they’d planned, double the amount of white respondents.

They were also more than twice as likely to hide their gambling and nearly three times as likely to feel guilt.

Kiki is not surprised.

“For me, coming from a black community, a black background, what goes on indoors stays behind closed doors,” she says.

“You keep your mouth shut, and you handle your business yourself.”

And when she considered what an addict looked like, it wasn’t someone like her.

“I just thought it’s an old white man’s thing – that they go into the bookies, and they have a drink and they bet.

“I thought, well, that’s not me.”

But Dharmi Kapadia, a senior sociology lecturer from Manchester University, who focuses on racial inequality, thinks there’s more than just cultural pressure at play.

“These explanations of stigma have become dominant,” she says.

“We’ve found that what’s more important is that people don’t want to go and get help from gambling services because of previous racist treatment that they’ve suffered at the hands of other statutory services, for example, when they went to the GP.”

Dharmi Kapadia thinks there's more than just cultural pressure at play
Image:
Dharmi Kapadia thinks there’s more than just cultural pressure at play

‘I needed to change’

The stigma felt very real for Kiki, so she hid what she was doing.

“I’ve had trauma in my life. I’ve been sexually abused as a child.

“As the years have gone on, a traumatic event happened in my family that really changed the dynamics of my life and that’s when I moved on from scratch cards to online slots.”

She became hooked – betting around the clock, spending her benefits on 10p and 20p spins on online slots and borrowing money from those around her.

Eventually her daughter moved out when she was 15.

“That’s when everything escalated. I didn’t have that responsibility of keeping up appearances.

“Before that, gas, electric, food shopping, all those things had to be in place.

“I just lived and breathed in my bedroom at that point and yeah, it was very lonely.”

When Kiki left the station that day, she called the National Gambling Helpline.

“For the first time in my life, I was completely honest about everything that I was doing – the lies, the manipulation when I was in active addiction, the secrecy.

“I was completely transparent because I wanted to change. I needed to change.”

‘Where’s all the women?’

Since then, she has undergone constant therapy, including a six-week stint in rehab.

And as she headed home in the taxi, her phone rang.

It was Lisa Walker, a woman who understood gambling addiction. She had won £127,000 playing poker at 29 before losing everything and ending up homeless with her young children.

Lisa Walker (left) sought help from Gamblers Anonymous and was among very few women at her meetings
Image:
Lisa Walker (left) sought help from Gamblers Anonymous and was among very few women at her meetings

When she finally asked for help, she too felt she was different, walking into a Gamblers Anonymous meeting to find she was one of only two women in a room with 35 men.

“I was thinking, where’s all the women?” says Lisa.

“I can’t be the only woman in the world with a gambling addiction, so that got me thinking, what services are out there for women?”

It was the catalyst to set up support for female gamblers in April 2022.

Since then, Lisa has helped close to 250 women, but all but four have been white.

One of those four was Kiki.

‘There’s no getting away from it’

“It just baffles me… Why aren’t they reaching out for support? Is it the shame? Is it stigma?” says Lisa.

But another concern is that it’s simply too easy to hide the gambling.

“Getting on the train this morning, 90% of people are on their phones, and we don’t know whether they’re playing slots,” she says.

“I could probably sit here now and sign up for 50 online casinos and probably get over a thousand free spins.

“I just think there’s no getting away from it because it’s 24 hours a day.”

Kiki says she now has an 'amazing' relationship with her daughter
Image:
Kiki says she now has an ‘amazing’ relationship with her daughter

Kiki’s flat in Woolwich, where once she couldn’t even go to the bathroom without gambling, has become the place where she runs her own online peer mentoring groups.

“Feeling understood and validated for your experiences, for how you was raised… the core beliefs that you’re taught from a young age, to have somebody that looks like you, talks like you, has the same cultural background… it’s extremely important to make you feel understood, to make you feel validated,” she says.

‘You can learn from it’

Kiki will need to attend support groups for life to keep her addictions at bay.

But she has a clear goal, just as Lisa did.

“My focus is to help other people, help empower other people to choose themselves, to show them that there is light after so much darkness… that you don’t have to be a victim of your circumstances, that you can choose to grow from it and learn from it and heal from it,” she says.

For Kiki, there was so much at stake.

“It was either I was going to die or I was going to become a woman and a mother that my daughter could come back to and respect again.”

And that has happened. Kiki’s daughter is 19 now.

Kiki now helps others suffering from gambling addiction
Image:
Kiki now helps others suffering from gambling addiction

“We’ve got an amazing relationship today. I’ve took full accountability for the mistakes that I’ve made.

“She’s extremely proud of where I am today.”

It’s more than Kiki could have dreamt of two years ago.

Now all she wants is to help others escape the endless cycle of addiction.

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK

To speak to an adviser on the National Gambling Helpline, call 0808 8020 133

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Starmer warns of ‘lost decade of kids’ – as he launches 10-year youth plan

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Starmer warns of 'lost decade of kids' - as he launches 10-year youth plan

Sir Keir Starmer has declared it his “moral mission” to “turn the tide on the lost decade of young kids left as collateral damage”.

The government launches its 10-year youth plan today, which has pledged £500m to reviving youth services.

Culture Secretary Lisa Nandy has also warned that young people are now “the most isolated in generations” and face challenges that are “urgent and demand a major change in direction”.

But despite the strong language, the Conservatives have warned that “under Labour, the outlook for the next generation is increasingly bleak”.

Lisa Nandy is on Sky News from 7am – follow live

Launching the 10-year strategy, Sir Keir said: “As a dad and as prime minister, I believe it is our generation’s greatest responsibility to turn the tide on the lost decade of young kids left as collateral damage. It is our moral mission.

“Today, my government sets out a clear, ambitious and deliverable plan – investing in the next generation so that every child has the chance to see their talents take them as far as their ability can.”

What’s in the government’s strategy?

Under the plans, the government will seek to give 500,000 more young people across England access to a trusted adult outside their homes – who are assigned through a formal programme – and online resources about staying safe.

The prime minister said the plans will also “ensure” that those who choose to do apprenticeships rather than go to university “will have the same respect and opportunity as everyone else”.

OTHER MEASURES INCLUDE

  • Creating 70 “young futures” hubs by March 2029, as part of a £70m programme to provide access to youth workers – the first eight of these will open by March next year;
  • Establishing a £60m Richer Young Lives fund to support organisations in “underserved” areas to deliver high-quality youth work and activities;
  • Improving wellbeing, personal development and life skills through a new £22.5m programme of support around the school day – which will operate in up to 400 schools;
  • Investing £15m to recruit and train youth workers, volunteers and “trusted adults”;
  • Improving youth services by putting £5m into local partnerships, information-sharing and digital tech.

The plan comes following a so-called “state of the nation” survey commissioned by Ms Nandy, which heard from more than 14,000 young people across England.

Launching the strategy, she said: “Young people have been crystal clear in speaking up in our consultation: they need support for their mental health, spaces to meet with people in their communities and real opportunities to thrive. We will give them what they want.”

Read more:
Child poverty strategy launched
Young people may lose benefits

Lisa Nandy will speak about the plan on Sky News on Wednesday morning. Pic: PA
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Lisa Nandy will speak about the plan on Sky News on Wednesday morning. Pic: PA

But the Conservatives have criticised the government for scrapping the National Citizen Service (NCS), which ended in March this year.

Shadow culture secretary Nigel Huddlestone said “any renewed investment in youth services is of course welcome”, but said Labour’s “economic mismanagement and tax hikes are forcing businesses to close, shrinking opportunities while inflation continues to climb”.

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