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Etched co-founders Robert Watchen, Gavin Uberti, and Chris Zhu

Etched

Nvidia has been the hottest story on Wall Street of late, increasing eightfold in value since the end of 2022 and soaring past $3 trillion in market cap this month.

A 2-year-old startup founded by Harvard dropouts has just raised $120 million in venture funding to try and build a competitive chip and take on Nvidia in artificial intelligence.

Headquartered in Cupertino, California — home to Apple — Etched is developing a chip called Sohu, which the company says will be used to train and deploy AI models using “transformers,” the core architecture underpinning advancements like OpenAI’s ChatGPT.

Co-founder and CEO Gavin Uberti said that as AI develops, most of the technology’s power-hungry computing requirements will be filled by customized, hard-wired chips called ASICs. Their efficiency comes in executing only the AI model they were designed to perform, in contrast to general purpose graphics processing units (GPUs) from Nvidia that are more capable but are also much costlier.

“We’re making the biggest bet in AI,” Uberti said in an interview. “If transformers go away, we’ll die. But if they stick around, we’re the biggest company of all time.”

Uberti and his co-founders are aware that it’s a high-risk wager, and that they’re going up against some of the most richly capitalized and competitive companies on the planet. While $120 million is a lot of money to raise in a series A, it’s about how much Nvidia generates in revenue in half a day. Nvidia’s sales have more than tripled annually for three consecutive quarters, topping $26 billion in the latest period.

Nvidia has more than 80% of the market share for AI chips, according to estimates. Etched is among a group of startups attracting capital to go after the burgeoning opportunity. Primary Venture Partners led the round. Peter Thiel, Stanley Druckenmiller and Cruise founder Kyle Vogt are also backers.

Despite Nvidia’s head start and, what some developers describe a moat, new chipmakers are plowing ahead anyway, mainly because the opportunity is so big. Other chip startups taking on Nvidia include Cerebras Systems, which is building a physically larger AI chip, and Tenstorrent, which is using a trendy technology called RISC-V to build AI chips.

“The reason we were so excited about what we’re doing, why we dropped out of school and we’ve convinced so many people to leave these chip projects — this is the most important thing to be working on,” said Robert Wachen, Etched’s operating chief. “The entire future of technology is going to be shaped by whether the infrastructure can handle the scale.”

Semiconductors have traditionally been one of the hardest industries for startups given the long development cycles, the significant capital required to build a chip and the need to engage with a limited number of manufacturing partners, such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., which is building Etched’s chip.

Venture capitalists invested $6 billion in AI semiconductor companies in 2023, up slightly from $5.7 billion in 2022, according to data from PitchBook.

Hard coded

Etched’s Sohu chip

Uberti and Chris Zhu started to work on a chip company after Uberti did a summer internship working on compliers. That put him in contact with the low-level hardware ideas that led to Etched.

The pair dropped out of Harvard in 2022, and added Uberti’s college roommate, Wachen. They quickly started hiring chip industry veterans. The company settled in Cupertino, and now has 35 employees. It offers housing stipends to new hires.

“When ChatGPT came out, and Nvidia stock exploded, and especially when every other model coming out would be a transformer too, we found ourselves in the right place at the right time,” Uberti said.

Etched is preparing to bring Sohu to market, and the founders say they’ll be ready to show something later this year. The startup is also working to secure customers and says that technology companies are eager to check out new AI chips.

For the business to work, companies that are spending billions of dollars on GPUs will need to see some significant savings in building custom chips designed for their specific AI model and be willing to make trade-offs in flexibility.

By specializing on transformers, which moves data in predictable ways from the chip to memory, Etched’s Sohu chip can dedicate less space to memory and more to the kinds of transistors that define a chip’s raw computing power, Uberti said.

Another aspect of Eteched’s efficiency is that the chip has one large core. That results in fewer inefficient calculations done by a part called a streaming multiprocessor to coordinate calculations by different cores.

Uberti says the impact of specialized AI chips could be similar to how custom chips called ASICs, first introduced in 2013 specifically for mining bitcoin or ether, reduced the demand for Nvidia GPUs.

The Etched founders expect the need for chips to run these models will increase, especially once they’re used to serve AI software millions of times per minute.

They also say that by hard coding the AI architecture into the chip, their device can reduce the latency of returning answers, unlocking new use cases, such as AI agents or real-time voice conversations. Etched says its chips are more than 10 times faster than Nvidia’s GPUs, thanks to its simpler architecture and single use case.

But Etched is taking on some of the most valuable companies in the world, including Nvidia, which have massive development teams and access to the capital needed to secure production and improve their chips on an annual basis.

Etched, which has a countdown timer displayed in its headquarters, has to move faster.

“The way that we’re going to win this specialized AI chip market, and the ones after this, is by being the first product to market,” Uberti said.

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Evolve Bank CEO fired after propositioning FBI agent who pretended to be a teen boy

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Evolve Bank CEO fired after propositioning FBI agent who pretended to be a teen boy

Evolve Bank CEO Bob Hartheimer booking photo.

Source: Shelby County Jail

Bob Hartheimer, CEO of Tennessee’s Evolve Bank & Trust, was fired after U.S. law enforcement officials caught him propositioning a law enforcement officer posing as a 15-year-old boy on gay dating app Grindr.

On Oct. 19, an employee of the Federal Bureau of Investigation logged onto Grindr while pretending to be a teen boy, and a user called “Tomm” wrote a message to that person saying, “Hey any chance u would hu with an older and chill guy,” according to an affidavit from a special agent with the Federal Bureau of Investigation that was unsealed on Tuesday.

The two discussed getting together in person later in the week, according to the affidavit. On Snapchat, they talked about the sex acts they might perform. “Tomm” asked for a photo of the “boy” without shorts on, and he also sent the undercover agent a picture of himself naked. The FBI was able to obtain an IP address for “Tomm” from Snapchat, as well as an address from Comcast, the affidavit showed.

Hartheimer was arrested in Memphis on Oct. 23 for attempted production of child pornography and transfer of obscene material to a minor, according to a warrant.

Blake Ballin, a lawyer representing Hartheimer, told CNBC on Saturday that Evolve has fired the CEO.

“Bob’s family is aware of the charges,” Ballin wrote in an email. “His family loves and supports him and requests privacy during this difficult period in their lives. We have no further comment at this time.”

The Wall Street Journal reported on Hartheimer’s firing from Evolve Bank on Friday. The bank did not respond to a request for comment from CNBC.

Last year, Evolve was caught up in the bankruptcy of financial technology startup Synapse, which cut off access to a system for handling transactions and account details. Fintech apps such as Yotta worked with Evolve and other banks, with Synapse acting as a middleman.

Synapse’s method of keeping app users’ money in various banks, including Evolve, created accounting problems, and up to $96 million in deposits went missing. Thousands of Americans lost money, CNBC reported.

In 2024, Evolve also suffered a cyberattack, during which hackers obtained customer information and demanded a ransom. The bank said it did not pay any ransom and the data was eventually posted online.

In August, Evolve, founded in 1925, named Hartheimer to replace CEO Scott Stafford, who retired after joining the bank in 2004.

“This is a structural change, demonstrating our continued commitment to doing the hard work to earn back the trust of our customers, employees, regulators, and investors,” Evolve said.

When he was hired, the bank touted Hartheimer’s experience as director of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s Division of Resolutions, as well as his years as a regulatory consultant for fintech companies.

“Over the past four decades, I’ve led, turned around, and advised institutions across the financial landscape,” Hartheimer wrote on his LinkedIn profile

The bank reported net losses for each of the first three quarters of 2025 after being profitable since 2003, according to data on file with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council.

CNBC’s Dan Mangan and Hugh Son contributed reporting.

Disclosure: Comcast is the parent company of NBCUniversal, which owns CNBC. Versant would become the new parent company of CNBC upon Comcast’s planned spinoff of Versant.

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Where the Nexperia auto chip crisis stands now as the U.S., China and EU race to contain fallout

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Where the Nexperia auto chip crisis stands now as the U.S., China and EU race to contain fallout

The logo of Chinese-owned semiconductor company Nexperia is displayed at the chipmaker’s German facility, after the Dutch government seized control and auto industry bodies sounded the alarm over the possible impact on car production, in Hamburg, Germany, Oct. 23, 2025.

Jonas Walzberg | Reuters

Netherlands-based chipmaker Nexperia is at the heart of a standoff between the European Union, the U.S. and China that has triggered a near-crisis for global automakers.

The Dutch government seized control of Nexperia, owned by the Chinese company Wingtech, in October, citing national security concerns. The move prompted Beijing to block Nexperia products from leaving China.

Meetings are underway in Europe Saturday to attempt to defuse the escalating issue, and Chinese and U.S. authorities appear to be opening up a pathway for Nexperia’s China-based operations to resume exporting critical automotive chips.

Spokespeople for the White House and Nexperia did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

For now, however, the auto industry’s supply chain still hangs in the balance.

The dispute is threatening vehicle production worldwide as automakers warn of looming shortages of the chipmaker’s components, which are critical to basic electrical functions in cars and challenging to replace on short notice.

The battle has unfolded amid heightened scrutiny of Chinese-linked tech firms from Western governments, including the U.S., which recently tightened export-control rules to limit technology transfers to Chinese-owned entities.

Nexperia’s owner, Wingtech, was put on a U.S. blacklist in December 2024 for its alleged role “in aiding China’s government’s efforts to acquire entities with sensitive semiconductor manufacturing capability.”

Here’s what to know about where the dispute stands, and why it matters. 

Why are Nexperia chips so important?

What happened and where do things stand?

In September, the Dutch government invoked a Cold War-era law to effectively take control of Nexperia, amid concerns that its Chinese owner was planning to shift intellectual property to another company it owned. A Dutch court also suspended Nexperia CEO, Wingtech founder Zhang Xuezhen, citing mismanagement.

Beijing retaliated weeks later by imposing export controls on certain Nexperia products made in China, escalating tensions and fueling fears of a broader supply chain shock. That prompted the company to tell carmakers it could no longer guarantee supplies.

But signs of a breakthrough have started to emerge.

On Friday, reports said the U.S. plans to announce that Nexperia will resume sending chips under a framework agreement reached during talks between President Donald Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping, citing sources familiar with the matter. And on Saturday, China said it will exempt some Nexperia chips from its export ban. Chinese officials did not specify what those exemptions could entail.

“We will comprehensively consider the actual situation of the enterprise and exempt eligible exports,” The Chinese Commerce Ministry said in a statement. 

If finalized, the exemptions could ease immediate pressure on automakers. But the broader dispute over ownership, technology control and security oversight remains unresolved.

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While AI spending is top of mind, online ads are driving a lot of Big Tech’s growth

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While AI spending is top of mind, online ads are driving a lot of Big Tech's growth

META CEO Mark Zuckerberg (L) and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella.

Getty Images

As tech giants increase their already breathtaking spending on artificial intelligence, their respective digital advertising businesses have also gained momentum.

Quarterly earnings reports this week from Meta, Amazon, Alphabet and Microsoft all showed healthy revenue on the ads front.

The rising online advertising sales have allayed concerns earlier this year that economic turbulence, amplified by President Donald Trump‘s trade policies, would negatively impact ad budgets.  

“I think the digital ad market is strong,” said Jasmine Enberg, co-founder of Scalable, a creator economy media firm. “I think this economic instability and volatility is kind of priced in for a lot of people at this point; sort of seems to be the status quo.”

Meta topped its rivals for the quarter with the fastest ad-related sales growth.

The company’s total third-quarter revenue, of which 98% is derived from online ads, jumped 26% year-over-year to $51.24 billion, the company’s highest sales since the first quarter of 2024.

Revenue in Amazon’s online ad unit soared 24% year-over-year to $17.7 billion, representing a faster growth rate than the company’s AWS cloud computing unit, which saw sales rise 20%.

CEO Andy Jassy highlighted on Amazon’s earnings call that the company is continuing to expand its ad-specific demand-side platform to more third-party apps and sites.

“You look at some of the partnerships that we’ve done, the Roku partnership gives us the largest connected TV footprint in the U.S.,” Jassy said. “And you layer on top of that what we’ve recently done in providing our DSP customers the opportunity to integrate with the ad inventory in Netflix and Spotify and SiriusXM, it’s powerful.”

Andy Jassy, chief executive officer of Amazon.com Inc., speaks during an unveiling event in New York, US, on Wednesday, Feb. 26, 2025.

Michael Nagle | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Alphabet’s overall advertising sales for the third quarter came in at $74.18 billion, a 13% increase from $65.85 billion a year ago. Third-quarter online ad sales for YouTube rose 15% to $10.26 billion.

Microsoft’s search and news advertising unit brought in $3.7 billion in the company’s fiscal first quarter, a 14% increase from the $3.2 billion it recorded the previous year.

Even if there’s been some pullback in ad budgets due to economic uncertainty, it’s likely that companies shifted some of that spending from traditional businesses like newspapers to digital ad platforms, said Jeremy Goldman, senior director of content at Emarketer.  

“I think what could be happening is more of a no-brainer,” Goldman said. “To put your money in social, and to put your money in retail media and to put your money in search ad spending.”

It wasn’t just the megacaps that showed hefty online ad growth this week.

Reddit on Thursday reported a 68% jump in third-quarter sales, soaring past analyst estimates. The company said global daily active uniques grew 19% year-over-year to 116 million, surpassing estimates of 114 million.

Snap and Pinterest are scheduled to report results next week.

Going big on AI

The tech giants all made clear that they don’t see any broader economic concerns that would warrant a reduction in their AI spending, and instead lifted their guidance for capital expenditures, despite concerns of a bubble.

Alphabet, Meta, Amazon and Microsoft collectively expect capex spending above $380 billion this year, which is still a fraction of the $1 trillion worth of data center and cloud computing deals that OpenAI has recently announced with its partners like Nvidia, Oracle and Broadcom.

But while investors cheered Amazon and Google, they were less thrilled with Microsoft, and especially Meta.

The Facebook parent’s stock tanked 11% on Thursday after the company said it would raise the low end of its capex guidance to between $70 billion and $72 billion from the prior range of $66 billion to $72 billion.

Oppenheimer analysts downgraded Meta stock to the equivalent of a hold from buy, because they said it’s less obvious how the social media company will benefit from its AI investments relative to its big tech rivals that also operate cloud computing services.

“Significant investment in Superintelligence despite unknown revenue opportunity mirrors 2021/2022 Metaverse spending,” the Oppenheimer analysts wrote, contrasting the company’s big AI spending related to its Superintelligence Labs to its money-losing Reality Labs division, which makes virtual reality and augmented reality technologies.

Wall Street backs AI winners, and Meta’s not one of them this quarter

Susan Li, Meta’s finance chief, said Wednesday during a follow-up earnings call that it’s important for the company to invest in AI-related data center and third-party cloud computing services or risk falling behind, echoing similar comments made by CEO Mark Zuckerberg.

“The highest priority for the company is investing our resources to position ourselves as a leader in AI,” Li said. “That means that I think for the immediate period of time ahead of us, we could see some financial pressure during which our operating profit could be lumpy.”

Meta has continued to point to how its AI investments are improving its online advertising business, but it’s having a more difficult time showing how that spending will benefit the company in the future, Enberg said.

“I think part of that is that we’ve heard the story now quarter after quarter that it is able to integrate AI into its ad business and use that as a growth engine,” Enberg said.  “What comes next is harder to articulate, and far less tangible for investors and other people who follow the space.”

Still, Meta is experiencing some growth in new products like the Meta AI app that contains the Vibes AI-powered short video service, Goldman said.

The company can also still expand more into subscriptions or even potentially offer enterprise AI services to sell to corporations, which is “an area that they haven’t played at all,” he said.

For now, Meta’s digital advertising unit remains its core business, and just like previous quarters, it’s unclear how the economy will impact ad budgets.

With the holiday season approaching, all eyes will be focused on whether the lingering economic concerns or tariff-related price hikes lead to consumers curbing their spending, which could impact corporate marketing campaigns.  

“The next test will be when we get to the Black Friday numbers,” Goldman said. “Are those going to be below expectations?”

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