Elon Musk announced his new company xAI which he says has the goal to understand the true nature of the universe.
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Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence startup, xAI, is being accused by environmental and health advocates of adding to the pollution problem in Memphis, Tennessee, by using natural gas burning turbines at its new data center, and doing so without a permit.
The company said it was opening the data center in June in a former Electrolux factory, shortly after announcing it had raised $6 billion at a $24 billion valuation. In a post on X last month, Musk boasted that xAI had begun training its AI models at the facility using 100,000 of Nvidia’s H100 processors.
The Southern Environmental Law Center sent a letter this week to the Health Department in Shelby County, where Memphis is located, and to a regional office of the Environmental Protection Agency on behalf of several local groups, asking regulators to investigate xAI for its unpermitted use of the turbines and the pollution they create.
The letter notes that xAI “has installed at least 18 gas combustion turbines over the last several months (with more potentially on the way).”
The company has been using the turbines to power the facility, but its long-term plan is to use power from the local utility, Memphis Light, Gas and Water and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
MLGW told CNBC that it started providing 50 megawatts of power to xAI at the beginning of August. However, the xAI facility requires an additional 100 megawatts. The utility has installed more circuit breakers, and started making improvements to transmission lines in the area to prepare for the added power consumption by xAI, as well.
Musk, who is also the CEO of Tesla and SpaceX and owner of social media company X, started xAI in 2023 to develop large language models and AI products that aim to compete with those from Google, Microsoft and OpenAI. The company’s initial product is a chatbot called Grok, billed as a politically incorrect alternative to OpenAI’s ChatGPT. AI models generally require massive amounts of power for data training and processing.
“This plant requires an enormous amount of electricity,” the advocates wrote in the letter.
Some of the 18 turbines are visible from the road around the property and, according to the advocates’ letter, emit air pollutants called nitrogen oxides (NOx) that add to a longstanding smog problem in the area. Shelby County has been given an “F” grade by the American Lung Association for its smog.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s website, even low levels of nitrogen oxides in the air can irritate a person’s eyes, nose, throat and lungs, causing them to cough, experience shortness of breath, tiredness and nausea. Breathing high levels of nitrogen oxides can cause “rapid burning, spasms, and swelling of tissues in the throat and upper respiratory tract,” and other serious health problems, the agency says.
Businesses in Tennessee are typically required to obtain permits to operate the types of turbines used by xAI. The permits would establish the allowable concentration of emissions, and determine efficiency requirements for the engines.
‘Significant health and environmental impact’
A permit would also mandate air quality testing to make sure users aren’t polluting more than they had planned to in the area due to issues like poor engine maintenance.
“The overarching concern remains that there has been very little transparency and opportunity for public input for the xAI project,” Amanda Garcia, a senior attorney with the Tennessee office of the Southern Environmental Law Center, told CNBC. The added concern, she said, is that it’s “already having significant health and environmental impact on the surrounding community.”
The groups wrote in the letter that the xAI turbines already in place have the capacity to emit an estimated 130 tons of nitrogen oxides annually, which would rank them as the ninth-largest source of the pollutants in the county. Their combined capacity could power around 50,000 homes.
Musk-led companies have a history of building facilities or operating high-emissions equipment without obtaining permits first.
CNBC reported earlier this month that SpaceX operated a water deluge and cooling system at its launch facility in Boca Chica, Texas, repeatedly discharging industrial wastewater there without a permit, a violation of the Clean Water Act.
Musk’s tunneling venture, The Boring Co., was also fined by Texas environmental regulators for a similar issue — discharging wastewater into the Colorado River in Bastrop, Texas, without applying for permits or installing appropriate pollution controls.
Tesla was cited by a California air pollution regulator in 2021 for installing and modifying paint shop equipment that emitted hazardous air pollutants, without a permit and reviews as required by the Clean Air Act.
The EPA regional office covering Memphis didn’t respond to a request for comment. Nor did xAI.
For a third time since taking office in January, President Donald Trumpplans toextend a deadline that would require China’s ByteDance to divest TikTok’s U.S. business.
“President Trump will sign an additional Executive Order this week to keep TikTok up and running,” White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said in a statement. “As he has said many times, President Trump does not want TikTok to go dark. This extension will last 90 days, which the Administration will spend working to ensure this deal is closed so that the American people can continue to use TikTok with the assurance that their data is safe and secure.”
ByteDance was nearing the deadline of June 19, to sell TikTok’s U.S. operations in order to satisfy a national security law that the Supreme Court upheld just a few days before Trump’s second presidential inauguration. Under the law, app store operators like Apple and Google and internet service providers would be penalized for supporting TikTok.
ByteDance originally faced a Jan. 19 deadline to comply with the national security law, but Trump signed an executive order when he first took office that pushed the deadline to April 5. Trump extended the deadline for the second time a day before that April mark.
Trump told NBC News in May that he would extend the TikTok deadline again if no deal was reached, and he reiterated his plans on Thursday.
Prior to Trump signing the first executive order, TikTok briefly went offline in the U.S. for a day, only to return after the president’s announcement. Apple and Google also removed TikTok from the Apple App Store and Google Play during TikTok’s initial U.S. shut down, but then reinstated the app to their respective app stores in February.
Multiple parties including Oracle, AppLovin, and Billionaire Frank McCourt’s Project Liberty consortium have expressed interest in buying TikTok’s U.S. operations. It’s unclear whether the Chinese government would approve a deal.
— CNBC’s Kevin Breuninger contributed to this report
Amazon Web Services is set to announce an update to its Graviton4 chip that includes 600 gigabytes per second of network bandwidth, what the company calls the highest offering in the public cloud.
Ali Saidi, a distinguished engineer at AWS, likened the speed to a machine reading 100 music CDs a second.
Graviton4, a central processing unit, or CPU, is one of many chip products that come from Amazon’s Annapurna Labs in Austin, Texas. The chip is a win for the company’s custom strategy and putting it up against traditional semiconductor players like Intel and AMD.
At AWS’s re:Invent 2024 conference last December, the company announced Project Rainier – an AI supercomputer built for startup Anthropic. AWS has put $8 billion into backing Anthropic.
AWS Senior Director for Customer and Project Engineering Gadi Hutt said Amazon is looking to reduce AI training costs and provide an alternative to Nvidia’s expensive graphics processing units, or GPUs.
Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4 AI model is trained on Trainium2 GPUs, according to AWS, and Project Rainier is powered by over half a million of the chips – an order that would have traditionally gone to Nvidia.
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Hutt said that while Nvidia’s Blackwell is a higher-performing chip than Trainium2, the AWS chip offers better cost performance.
“Trainium3 is coming up this year, and it’s doubling the performance of Trainium2, and it’s going to save energy by an additional 50%,” he said.
The demand for these chips is already outpacing supply, according to Rami Sinno, director of engineering at AWS’ Annapurna Labs.
“Our supply is very, very large, but every single service that we build has a customer attached to it,” he said.
With Graviton4’s upgrade on the horizon and Project Rainier’s Trainium chips, Amazon is demonstrating its broader ambition to control the entire AI infrastructure stack, from networking to training to inference.
And as more major AI models like Claude 4 prove they can train successfully on non-Nvidia hardware, the question isn’t whether AWS can compete with the chip giant — it’s how much market share it can take.
The release schedule for the Graviton4 update will be provided by the end of June, according to an AWS spokesperson.
The U.S. banking giant told CNBC on Tuesday that it’s planning to launch a so-called deposit token on Coinbase’s public blockchain Base, which is built on top of the Ethereum network. Each deposit token is meant to serve as a digital representation of a commercial bank deposit.
JPMD will offer clients round-the-clock settlement as well as the ability to pay interest to holders. It is a so-called “permissioned token,” meaning it is only available to JPMorgan’s institutional clients — unlike many stablecoins, which are publicly available.
“We see institutions using JPMD for onchain digital asset settlement solutions as well as for making cross-border business-to-business transactions,” Naveen Mallela, global co-head of Kinexys, J.P. Morgan’s blockchain unit, told CNBC Tuesday.
“Given the fact that deposit tokens would eventually be interest bearing as well, this would provide better fungibility with existing deposit products that institutions currently use,” he added.
Deposit token vs. stablecoin
JPMorgan said the benefit of launching a deposit token over a stablecoin is that it gives institutional clients a way to move money around faster and easier while still having a close connection with traditional banking systems.
A stablecoin is a type of digital token that’s designed to be pegged 1:1 to the value of a fiat currency at all times. The most popular stablecoins are Tether’s USDT and Circle’s USDC. The entire stablecoin market is worth approximately $262 billion, according to data from CoinGecko.
In the U.S., stablecoins remain broadly unregulated — although this is likely to change soon. The Senate is set to vote Tuesday on the GENIUS Act, legislation that would introduce formal regulation for such tokens.
Elsewhere, the European Union regulates stablecoins under its Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, or MiCA, while the U.K. has also laid out plans to regulate the crypto industry. Britain’s Financial Conduct Authority is currently consulting on proposals to require stablecoin issuers to ensure their tokens maintain their value against a given asset.
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JPMorgan’s digital asset chief told CNBC that the bank chose Coinbase as its blockchain partner since the crypto exchange is already a long-standing client and a leader in the crypto space.
JPMD has had “preliminary interest from large institutional players who want more native onchain cash solutions from pre-eminent and reputed financial institutions,” Mallela added.
Speculation had been building around JPMorgan’s new crypto offering after a trademark application filed by the bank for “JPMD” was made public Monday.
The trademark outlined a broad range of crypto services under the JPMD name, including trading, exchange, transfer and payment services for digital assets.
Various crypto media outlets had speculated whether the bank was about to launch its own stablecoin. However, JPMorgan says that, while its token may share some similarities with a stablecoin, it’s ultimately a different kind of product.