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Lion King directors Roger Allers (L) and Rob Minkoff.

Kevin Winter | Getty Images

Artificial intelligence is a “Wild West” with “very few rules” — but it has the potential to democratize the film industry in the long term, according to the director of “The Lion King.”

Rob Minkoff, who co-directed the classic 1994 animated Disney film with Roger Allers, told CNBC in an interview that AI has the potential to “democratize” filmmaking in such a way that it’ll become less costly to produce and direct motion pictures by slashing the amount of expensive equipment involved. 

“I think what AI will do is potentially democratize the process of making content, because if literally anyone is given these incredibly powerful tools, then what we should see is truly an explosion of content, an explosion of new voices,” Minkoff, 62, told CNBC. 

Minkoff was speaking with CNBC ahead of the Reply AI Film Festival. The event, held by Italian tech firm Reply during the Venice International Film Festival, is a competition that awards filmmakers using AI to develop short films. Minkoff is a judge on the panel that decides the winners. 

‘Hyperbole’ versus ‘legitimate concerns’

The arrival of new technology has for decades been a fear among people working in the film industry, Minkoff noted. For example, when computer animation arrived in the 1990s, there were similar fears about the impact it would have on jobs.

“When computer animation came along, there were a lot of people that were very afraid about it — what it would mean, how it would impact people’s jobs,” Minkoff, who also directed 1999’s “Stuart Little” and 2003’s “The Haunted Mansion,” told CNBC. 

“What became very apparent early on was that, if people wanted to maintain their own personal relevancy in the industry, it became very important for them to really learn and adapt to changes in technology,” he added. “We’re experiencing something quite similar now with AI.” 

Minkoff recalls the use of computers to create the famous stampede scene in “The Lion King.” In the scene, dozens of wildebeests are seen rushing after Simba, the movie’s protagonist. 

In that scene, Minkoff recalls, “we could have 1000s of wildebeests rendered, but the technique that we used made it look very seamless with the rest of the drawn animation.” 

“People are naturally and understandably worried when they look at what AI can do,” Minkoff said. However, he added, he doesn’t think the technology can replace all filmmakers, and that there’s a lot of “hyperbole” at the moment surrounding AI’s capabilities.

Still, Minkoff said, there are concerns about the application of AI in film that are warranted, such as those relating to copyright and the use of intellectual property in entertainment for training AI models.

“I hope that technology ultimately will save us, in some regards, or make life better, easier or more more prosperous,” Minkoff told CNBC. “But it’s the Wild West, where it seems like anything is possible and anything can be done.” 

 Minkoff added that there are “legitimate concerns” with AI when it comes to issues like the protection of media IP and tackling copyright theft. “I understand why people might want to slow it down or put guardrails on it to be careful, to be safe,” he said. 

But ultimately, he doesn’t think the AI positive momentum will slow. “My impression is that it probably won’t be slowed down, because these decisions are left to judges and courtrooms to decide what’s right and wrong,” Minkoff said.

On the copyright question, he suggested the creation of a dedicated body designed to protect filmmakers’ intellectual property and remunerate them, like what the American Society for Composers, Authors and Publishers and Broadcast Music, Inc. do for the music industry. 

‘Always the human behind the technology’

The Reply AI Film Festival, which awarded three winners this week, started out as an internal competition among employees, with staff using AI tools to produce movie-quality videos, Filippo Rizzante, chief technology officer of Reply, told CNBC.

“There has been a lot of progress with technology for producing creative work,” Rizzante said in an interview last week. “This is impacting a lot the quantity and quality of what we are producing as humanity.” 

Rizzante pushed back on fears that AI will displace people working in entertainment. The technology, he said, “will completely change how the industry is delivering content today, but not necessarily change the number of people employed in the movie industry.” 

In this year’s edition of the festival, one of the runners-up, “Gia Pham,” depicts a woman looking at a takeout menu before being transported to a colorful picturesque 2D world. The narrator of the video, who begins by speaking in English, starts talking in Japanese after the shift from 3D to 2D. 

Alexander de Lukowicz, co-director of “Gia Pham,” told CNBC that humans are essential to how he and his team work to generate short films. AI tools such as DALL-E and Midjourney, he said, helped the directors of his short film “enhance worlds we weren’t able to generate before.” 

“It’s always the human behind the technology that has to guide the technology to gain the proper result out of it. We wanted to produce something like a film to really check the boundaries of what’s possible,” de Lukowicz told CNBC. 

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CNBC Daily Open: A risky alpha bet in markets to revive AI trade

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CNBC Daily Open: A risky alpha bet in markets to revive AI trade

A Google cloud logo is seen at the announcement of Google’s biggest-ever investment in Germany on November 11, 2025 in Berlin, Germany.

Sean Gallup | Getty Images News | Getty Images

Alphabet on Monday resuscitated the artificial intelligence trade, which had been flagging the previous week. Its stock jumped 6.3%, lifting associated AI names such as Broadcom, Micron Technology and AMD. Major indexes rallied, with the Nasdaq Composite posting its best day in six months.

Investors were particularly enthusiastic about Broadcom because it helps to design and manufacture Google-parent Alphabet’s custom AI chips. In other words, the more market share Alphabet’s AI offerings gain, the greater the benefit to Broadcom — rather like Nvidia and the broader AI sector at the moment. Broadcom shares surged 11.1% on this notion, making it the S&P 500’s top gainer.

But while investors may cheer Alphabet’s leadership on Monday, not everyone wants it to have the last word.

“Some investors are petrified that Alphabet will win the AI war due to huge improvements in its Gemini AI model and ongoing benefits from its custom TPU chip,” Melius Research analyst Ben Reitzes wrote to clients in a Monday note. “GOOGL winning would actually hurt several stocks we cover — so prepare for volatility.”

Approaching the market’s moves from another angle, Melissa Brown, managing director of investment decision research at SimCorp, said it’s a concern when just one stock lifts the market. “That just doesn’t seem to me to be a sustainable force behind driving the market higher over the next however many days,” she added.

Alphabet on Monday may have brought about alpha — in the sense of market outperformance and potentially beginning a new phase of AI enthusiasm — but letting it be the omega as well could pose problems for investors.

What you need to know today

And finally…

Futures-options traders work on the floor at the New York Stock Exchange’s NYSE American (AMEX) in New York City, U.S., Nov. 19, 2025.

Brendan McDermid | Reuters

Could markets be facing an ‘everything bubble’? Investors are divided

 Dan Hanbury, who co-manages the Global Strategic Equity strategy at investment manager Ninety One, told CNBC that while the formation of an AI bubble appears to be “the ultimate question at the moment,” off-kilter prices stretch far beyond the realms of artificial intelligence.

“I think if you step back and look at valuations, it’s very hard to argue there’s not a bubble in the U.S. market,” he conceded. But despite there being “lots of red flags” in equity markets, Hanbury said market participants needed to take a broader view.

— Chloe Taylor

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Blackrock’s iShares bitcoin fund sees record exodus as crypto heads for worst month since 2022

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Blackrock's iShares bitcoin fund sees record exodus as crypto heads for worst month since 2022

CHONGQING, CHINA – JULY 17: In this photo illustration, a person holds a physical representation of a Bitcoin (BTC) coin in front of a screen displaying a candlestick chart of Bitcoin’s latest price movements on July 17, 2025 in Chongqing, China. (Photo illustration by Cheng Xin/Getty Images)

Cheng Xin | Getty Images News | Getty Images

Blackrock’s spot bitcoin exchange-traded fund is having its worst month ever as its underlying asset suffers its largest monthly decline in more than three years.

The iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF has recorded $2.2 billion in outflows this month, as of Monday, FactSet data shows. That’s nearly eight times the $291 million in losses suffered by the investment vehicle last October, or its second-worst month on record since its debut in early 2024. 

The outflows come as bitcoin is bleeding. The digital asset was last trading at $87,907.10 — down more than 20% over the past month and off more than 40% from its high of just north of $126,000 hit in early October. That makes November bitcoin’s worst month since June 2022, when the asset’s price fell about 39%.

“There’s no doubt that hot-money investments have had significant outflows,” Jay Hatfield, CEO and portfolio manager at Infrastructure Capital Advisors, told CNBC.

But, “the pullback is really focused on the gambling part of the market … and bitcoin is really the poster child for that,” he said. 

Investors are exiting Blackrock’s fund to rotate into risk-off assets such as gold amid mounting economic uncertainties and signs of souring market sentiment.

A recent survey from the University of Michigan showed that consumer sentiment has nosedived to near record-low levels. Meanwhile, investors are awaiting crucial data from the September retail sales and the producer price index reports, due out on Tuesday. And while the CME FedWatch Tool shows that traders are now pricing in more than 80% odds that the Federal Reserve will slash rates at its December meeting, such a cut remains far from sure bet.

Amid all the uncertainty, bitcoin is bleeding. And, investors in spot bitcoin ETFs, particularly newer holders, are feeling pressure to sell their shares — a reality that could extend the asset’s downside in the near term, Frank Chaparro, head of content and special projects at crypto-focused trading firm GSR, told CNBC. 

“With the macro environment becoming less certain, investors tend to de-risk across assets, which often means trimming exposure to crypto and other risk-sensitive stocks,” Chaparro said. “And for newer entrants who came in through the funds, any downturn can be unsettling – they can sell just as quickly as they bought.”

But while it’s true that spot bitcoin ETFs have brought in hoards of new retail investors who may be flighty during volatile times, the funds have also attracted a range of long-term investors such as institutions who can hold through the downturn, according to Joshua Levine, chairman at bitcoin treasury firm OranjeBTC, told CNBC. 

That institutional base could “dampen some of the extreme downside, but also smooth upside, reducing bitcoin’s volatility as the asset class matures,” Levine said. 

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Sandisk joins S&P 500 following Western Digital spinoff, replacing Interpublic

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Sandisk joins S&P 500 following Western Digital spinoff, replacing Interpublic

Atmosphere at the Variety 2025 Power of Young Hollywood Party, Presented by SANDISK held at the Four Seasons Los Angeles at Beverly Hills on August 07, 2025 in Beverly Hills, California.

Michael Buckner | Variety | Getty Images

Shares of flash storage vendor Sandisk popped 7% in extended trading on Monday after the company was added to S&P 500.

Sandisk’s addition to the benchmark comes nine months after the company was spun out of Western Digital. Sandisk will replace marketing company Interpublic, which is being acquired by Omnicom, S&P Global said in a statement.

It’s the latest tech company to join the S&P 500, which gets an increasing amount of its value from internet, software and semiconductor businesses. AppLovin, Datadog, DoorDash and Robinhood became members of the index earlier this year.

Stocks tend to rally when they’re added to the benchmark as fund managers who track the S&P 500 need to buy shares to reflect the changes.

Western Digital bought Sandisk in 2016 for $15.6 billion. In February, Western Digital spun out its flash business as Sandisk, which now has a market cap of about $33 billion.

Sandisk sells fast storage drives for gaming PCs, digital cameras and security cameras, and is also trying to land deals with large-scale data center builders. Revenue in the latest quarter rose 23% to $2.31 billion. The company reported a 31% increase in exabytes sold.

Omnicom announced plans to acquire Interpublic in December, and on Monday said the deal received antitrust approval from the European Commission.

WATCH: WDC CEO: SanDisk deal great for shareholders

WDC CEO: SanDisk deal great for shareholders

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