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The flags of China and the USA are being displayed on a smartphone, with an NVIDIA chip visible in the background. 

Raa | Nurphoto | Getty Images

Chinese companies are ramping up efforts to produce a viable alternative to Nvidia’s chips that power artificial intelligence as Beijing continues its efforts to wean itself off American technology.

U.S. sanctions slapped on China over the past few years, along with Nvidia‘s dominance in the space, have provided big challenges for Bejing’s efforts, at least in the short term, analysts told CNBC.

Nvidia’s well-documented boom has been driven by large cloud computing players buying its server products which contain its graphics processing units, or GPUs. These chips are enabling companies, such as ChatGPT maker OpenAI, to train their huge AI models on massive amounts of data.

These AI models are fundamental to applications like chatbots and other emerging AI applications.

The U.S. government has restricted the export of Nvidia’s most advanced chips to China since 2022, with restrictions tightening last year.

Such semiconductors are key to China’s ambitions to become a leading AI player.

CNBC spoke to analysts who identified some of China’s leading contenders that are looking to challenge Nvidia, including technology giants Huawei, Alibaba and Baidu and startups such as Biren Technology and Enflame.

The overarching view is that they are lagging behind Nvidia at this point.

“These companies have made notable progress in developing AI chips tailored to specific applications (ASICs),” Wei Sun, a senior analyst at Counterpoint Research, told CNBC.

“However, competing with Nvidia still presents substantial challenges in technological gaps, especially in general-purpose GPU. Matching Nvidia in short-term is unlikely.”

China’s key challenges

Chinese firms have a “lack of technology expertise”, according to Sun, highlighting one of the challenges.

However, it’s the U.S. sanctions and their knock-on effects that pose the biggest roadblocks to China’s ambitions.

Some of China’s leading Nvidia challengers have been placed on the U.S. Entity List, a blacklist which restricts their access to American technology. Meanwhile, a number of U.S. curbs have restricted key AI-related semiconductors and machinery from being exported to China.

China’s GPU players all design chips and rely on a manufacturing company to produce their chips. For a while, this would have been Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., or TSMC. But U.S. restrictions mean many of these firms cannot access the chips made by TSMC.

They therefore have to turn to SMIC, China’s biggest chipmaker, whose technology remains generations behind TSMC. Part of the reason why it’s lagging behind, is because Washington has restricted SMIC’s access to a key piece of machinery from Dutch firm ASML, which is required to manufacture the most advance chips.

Meanwhile, Huawei has been pushing development of more advanced chips for its smartphones and AI chips, which is taking up capacity at SMIC, according to Paul Triolo, a partner at consulting firm Albright Stonebridge.

“The key bottleneck will be domestic foundry leader SMIC, which will have a complex problem of dividing limited resources for its advanced node production between Huawei, which is taking up the lion’s share currently, the GPU startups, and many other Chinese design firms which have been or may be cutoff from using global foundry leader TSMC to manufacture their advanced designs,” Triolo told CNBC.

Nvidia is more than just GPUs

Nvidia has found success due to its advanced semiconductors, but also with its CUDA software platform that allows developers to create applications to run on the U.S. chipmaker’s hardware. This has led to the development of a so-called ecosystem around Nvidia’s products that others might find hard to replicate.

“This is the key, it is not just about the hardware, but about the overall ecosystem, tools for developers, and the ability to continue to evolve this ecosystem going forward as the technology advances,” Triolo said.

Huawei leading the pack

U.S. export controls on Chinese firms could 'get even worse' if Trump is re-elected: Analyst

In the area of software and building a developer community, Huawei “holds lots of advantages,” Triolo said. But it faces similar challenges to the rest of the industry in trying to compete with Nvidia.

“The GPU software support ecosystem is much more entrenched around Nvidia and to a lesser degree AMD, and Huawei faces major challenges, both in producing sufficient quantities of advanced GPUs such as part of the Ascend 910C, and continuing to innovate and improve the performance of the hardware, given U.S. export controls that are limiting the ability of SMIC to produce advanced semiconductors,” Triolo said.

Chip IPOs ahead?

The challenges facing China’s Nvidia competitors have been evident over the past two years. In 2022, Biren Technology carried out a round of layoffs, followed by Moore Threads the year after, with both companies blaming U.S. sanctions.

But startups are still holding out hope, looking to raise money to fund their goals. Bloomberg reported last week that Enflame and Biren are both looking to go public to raise money.

“Biren and the other GPU startups are staffed with experienced industry personnel from Nvidia, AMD, and other leading western semiconductor companies, but they have the additional challenge of lacking the financial depth that Huawei has,” Triolo said.

“Hence both Biren and Enflame are seeking IPOs in Hong Kong, to raise funding for additional hiring and expansion.”

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Waymo expanding to Baltimore, Pittsburgh and St. Louis with manual test drives

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Waymo expanding to Baltimore, Pittsburgh and St. Louis with manual test drives

Waymo partners with Uber to bring robotaxi service to Atlanta and Austin.

Uber Technologies Inc.

Waymo on Wednesday said humans will begin test driving the Alphabet-owned company’s robotaxi vehicles in Baltimore, Pittsburgh and St. Louis.

The three cities represent the latest additions to Waymo’s quickly growing list of cities where the Google sister company is either operating its robotaxis, planning to launch service or starting to test its vehicles. That list now stands at 26 markets.

Waymo will begin manual drives in the trio of new cities this week with hopes to eventually begin serving fully-autonomous rides there, spokesperson Ethan Teicher told CNBC.

Over the past month, Waymo has been aggressively making announcements for new markets and developments at the Google sister company. This comes as tech rivals Amazon and Tesla made advancements in the robotaxi market in 2025. Amazon’s Zoox began offering free rides in Las Vegas and San Francisco, and Tesla this year launched ride-hailing service with human supervisors in the Austin and San Francisco markets.

In November, Waymo announced that it will soon begin manually driving in Minneapolis, Tampa and New Orleans. The company also added Houston, San Antonio and Orlando to its list of cities where it’ll launch service in 2026. Waymo also began offering rides on freeways in the San Francisco, Los Angeles and Phoenix markets, and it named a new finance chief.

With more than 250,000 weekly paid trips, Waymo’s robotaxi service currently operates in Austin, the San Francisco Bay Area, Phoenix, Atlanta and Los Angeles markets. The company in May said it had provided more than 10 million paid rides since launching in 2020.

The new cities further signal that Waymo is increasingly confident its service can work well in locations with colder weather conditions.

WATCH: Waymo launches paid robotaxi rides on freeways

Watch: Waymo launches paid robotaxi rides on freeways

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Security startup Verkada hits $5.8 billion valuation in latest funding round led by CapitalG

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Security startup Verkada hits .8 billion valuation in latest funding round led by CapitalG

Filip Kaliszan, CEO of Verkada.

Courtesy: Verkada

Security technology startup Verkada has reached a $5.8 billion valuation after a new funding round led by CapitalG, Alphabet’s venture capital arm, announced Wednesday.

“I think Google saw the opportunity with us in the application of AI and everything we’re driving to apply AI to the physical security industry,” CEO Filip Kaliszan told CNBC’s Deirdre Bosa.

The company said in a release that the investment will be used to bolster its artificial intelligence capabilities and provide liquidity.

The financing totaled $100 million, a person familiar with the terms of the round told CNBC, raising the company’s valuation by $1.3 billion from its Series E funding in February. The person asked not to be named in order to discuss details of the funding.

CapitalG also recently contributed to a $435 million fundraise for cybersecurity startup Armis in November.

The new funding comes as Verkada surpasses $1 billion in annualized bookings across 30,000 customers globally.

The company develops physical security products, including cameras, alarms and sensors, that are connected under a single cloud-based software platform.

Kaliszan said his company serves a broad span of businesses, such as retailers, government properties, schools, and transportation.

For example, TeraWatt Infrastructure, which supplies charging sites to electric vehicles like Google’s Waymo, uses Verkada technology to protect EV facilities.

In September, the company rolled out over 60 new AI features and platform updates, including tools like “AI-Powered Unified Timeline.”

Read more CNBC tech news

The tool can automatically synthesize videos and images from several cameras into a single visual timeline, rather than requiring security teams to dig through multiple videos during an investigation.

“The genius of Filip and the team of Verkada is that they’re leveraging AI as a Rosetta Stone to really help unlock insights from cameras to help companies become safer and more efficient,” CapitalG general partner Derek Zanutto told Bosa.

By capturing over 20 million images per hour, Verkada can provide notable data like foot traffic, occupancy rates, security violations and other trends, Zanutto said.

He added that the physical security is a sleeping $60 billion market that is led by legacy hardware like “cameras that just record, not cameras that think” — a gap that Verkada is hoping to fill.

However, AI-powered technology will not necessarily replace human security guards any time soon.

“I think humans will be providing security to other humans for as long as I can think,” Kaliszan said. “But AI can empower these first responders to be more aware, to have situational knowledge, to know what to do, and in some cases, actually prevent the problems from happening.”

He pointed to the Louvre heist in October, where multiple crown jewels were robbed from the museum, as an opportunity where AI-assisted devices that could actively monitor, then immediately alert security forces, would be more effective than only physical personnel.

“If you could intervene right then, if you could know in real time that that’s happening, the potential for savings and preventing damage is tremendous,” he said.

xAI raises $15B in series E round

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Macy’s earnings, OpenAI under pressure, Boeing’s delivery outlook and more in Morning Squawk

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Macy's earnings, OpenAI under pressure, Boeing's delivery outlook and more in Morning Squawk

Exterior view of Macy’s herald square store in New York City, on November 28, 2025.

Kena Betancur | Afp | Getty Images

This is CNBC’s Morning Squawk newsletter. Subscribe here to receive future editions in your inbox.

Here are five key things investors need to know to start the trading day:

1. Shopping around

Macy’s beat Wall Street’s top- and bottom-line expectations for the third quarter this morning, posting its strongest growth in more than three years. The department store operator’s results are only one of several recent data points investors have received on the state of the U.S. consumer.

Here’s what to know:

  • Despite the strong results, shares of Macy’s dropped more than 6% before the bell. The retailer displayed caution about the current quarter, citing consumer spending concerns and pressure from tariffs.
  • Meanwhile, American Eagle Outfitters shares surged 12% after the apparel company posted better-than-expected earnings and provided upbeat guidance for fourth-quarter comparable sales.
  • American Eagle said its ad campaigns with actress Sydney Sweeney and NFL star Travis Kelce are “attracting more customers,” though they’ve not yet been a major revenue driver.
  • Sweeney is just one of several celebrities who has starred in a denim ad for a clothing brand. As CNBC’s Gabrielle Fonrouge and Natalie Rice report, companies are pulling out all the stops in hopes of winning the so-called “denim war.”
  • Plus, the numbers are in: More than 202 million Americans shopped in the five-day period from Thanksgiving through Cyber Monday, the highest number on record since the National Retail Federation began tracking in 2017.
  • Follow live markets updates here.

2. Hiring or firing?

A ‘Now Hiring’ sign sits in the window of a Denny’s restaurant on Nov. 19, 2025 in Miami, Florida.

Joe Raedle | Getty Images

President Donald Trump has said his tariffs will bring production jobs back to the U.S. But as CNBC’s Jeff Cox reports, corporate executives and economic forecasters are concerned the opposite could happen.

Respondents to an Institute for Supply Management survey said the duties are pushing them to start reducing headcount and offering severance packages. “Conditions are more trying than during the coronavirus pandemic in terms of supply chain uncertainty,” one respondent said. A Federal Reserve report from last week also showed employment “declined slightly” over the past several weeks.

We’ll be keeping a close eye on the ADP private payrolls report due out this morning. Economists polled by Dow Jones are expecting growth of 40,000 jobs in November.

3. Under pressure

OpenAI CEO Sam Altman speaks to media following a Q&A at the OpenAI data center in Abilene, Texas, U.S., Sept. 23, 2025.

Shelby Tauber | Reuters

OpenAI is feeling the heat as rivals Alphabet and Anthropic gain ground in the artificial intelligence race. Earlier this week, CEO Sam Altman reportedly sent a staff memo laying out a “code red” effort to improve its ChatGPT bot.

It comes amid growing fanfare for Alphabet’s Gemini 3 model, which beat industry benchmarks. Anthropic, meanwhile, is reportedly readying for one of the largest IPOs ever.

As CNBC’s Pia Singh reports, Wall Street now sees Alphabet’s Google as the AI leader. Shares of Alphabet and its chip partner Broadcom have surged in recent weeks, while Nvidia and Microsoft — both business partners of OpenAI — pulled back.

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4. Wires crossed

The Sinclair Broadcast Group, Inc. headquarters are seen July 17, 2024 in Cockeysville, Maryland.

Kevin Dietsch | Getty Images

Broadcast station owners are running toward industry consolidation, but they’re hitting roadblocks.

Nexstar is attempting to buy Tegna, while Sinclair made a hostile bid last week to acquire E.W. Scripps. These companies, like their larger media counterparts, have been trying to find ways to bolster their businesses as profitability tied to the traditional cable bundle shrinks.

But as CNBC’s Lillian Rizzo and Alex Sherman report, Sinclair’s attempt to scale up has been marred by family ownership challenges. Meanwhile, the Nexstar-Tegna deal requires changes to decades-old regulatory rules.

5. Taking off

Boeing Co. 737 Max fuselages at the company’s manufacturing facility in Renton, Washington, on April 15, 2025.

Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Boeing investors needed their seatbelts for yesterday’s ride.

Shares soared more than 10% — their best day since April — after CFO Jay Malave said the plane maker expects higher deliveries of its 737 and 787 jets in 2026. He also said the delayed certification for the 737-10 model could come later next year.

Malave notably said the higher deliveries will be “a big driver” for cash flow. As CNBC’s Laya Neelakandan notes, the Virginia-based company hasn’t posted an annual profit since 2018.

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Correction: Nexstar is attempting to buy Tegna. An earlier version of this story misspelled the latter company’s name.

CNBC’s Gabrielle Fonrouge, Natalie Rice, Jeff Cox, Ashley Capoot, Dylan Butts, Pia Singh, Alex Sherman, Lillian Rizzo, Laya Neelakandan and Hayley Cuccinello contributed to this report. Josephine Rozzelle edited this edition.

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