From exploding Hezbollah pagers and walkie-talkies to a cyber attack on an Iranian nuclear facility, Israel is suspected of carrying out a number of secretive operations over the years.
Israel rarely takes responsibility for such attacks – its military declined to comment on the device blasts in Lebanon – but a long pattern of sophisticated incidents has nonetheless unfolded.
As the fallout from this week’s attacks continues to reverberate around the Middle East, Sky News looks at some of the other notable operations over the last six decades where Israeli involvement has been confirmed or suspected.
In April 2021, Iran blamed Israel for what it said was an attack on one of its underground nuclear facilities.
Israel did not claim responsibility for it, but the country’s media widely reported that the country had orchestrated a devastating cyber attack that caused a blackout at Natanz and damaged its centrifuges (used for separating uranium isotopes).
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A former Iranian official at the time said the assault set off a fire while a spokesman mentioned a “possible minor explosion”.
Image: The Natanz nuclear facility in 2021. Pic: AP
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was travelling in a bulletproof vehicle alongside three security personnel vehicles when he heard what sounded like bullets hitting his car.
After he reportedly left the vehicle, a Nissan fitted with a remote-controlled machine gun then opened fire, killing him.
Image: The scene of the attack on Mohsen Fakhrizadeh in 2020. Pic: IRIB/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock
2010: Stuxnet
A powerful computer worm widely thought to have been designed by US and Israeli intelligence, Stuxnet is believed to have disabled a key part of the Iranian nuclear programme.
Discovered in 2010, Stuxnet was designed to destroy the centrifuges Iran used to enrich uranium as part of its weapons programme.
It is reported the worm was delivered to the Natanz facility on a thumb drive by an Iranian double agent working for Israel.
2010: Killing of Mahmoud al Mabhouh
Mahmoud al Mabhouh, a top Hamas operative, was killed in a Dubai hotel room in an operation attributed to the Mossad spy agency but never acknowledged by Israel.
Many of the 26 supposed assassins were caught on camera disguised as tourists.
Image: Mahmoud al Mabhouh. Pic: News Pictures/Mcp/Shutterstock
A Fatah activist from the Kalandia refugee camp outside Ramallah was killed when a booby-trapped mobile phone exploded next to his head.
1997: Attempted assassination of Hamas leader
Mossad agents tried to kill the then head of Hamas, Khaled Meshaal, in Amman, Jordan.
Two agents entered Jordan using fake Canadian passports and poisoned Mashaal by placing a device near his ear.
Image: Khaled Meshaal. Pic: AP
They were captured shortly afterwards and Jordan’s king threatened to void a still-fresh peace accord if Mashaal died. Israel ultimately dispatched an antidote, and the Israeli agents were returned home.
1996: Yahya Ayyash
Yahya Ayyash, nicknamed the “engineer” for his mastery in building bombs for Hamas, was killed by answering a rigged phone in Gaza.
His assassination triggered a series of deadly bus bombings in Israel.
Image: The coffin of Yahya Ayyash was carried into a mosque for funeral services in 1996. Pic: Reuters
1972: Bassam Abu Sharif
He was injured in Beirut when he opened a package containing a book implanted with a bomb which exploded.
He was the spokesperson for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).
Image: Bassam Abu Sharif. Pic: Reuters
He survived but lost several fingers, was left deaf in one ear and blind in one eye.
1972: Mahmoud Hamshari
A representative from the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) was killed in Paris in 1972 when a bomb was planted under a telephone and remotely detonated.
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Several boats from a large aid flotilla trying to reach Gaza have been boarded by Israeli authorities – with campaigner Greta Thunberg among those removed.
The Global Sumud Flotilla is made up of more than 40 civilian boats with an estimated 500 people onboard, and is trying to break Israel’s sea blockade.
But the attempt appears to have been thwarted – at least for now – by about 20 Israeli ships.
Israel’s foreign ministry said “several vessels” had been “safely stopped” with passengers being taken to an Israeli port.
“Greta and her friends are safe and healthy,” a spokesperson added.
Image: A livestream showed some of the boats in the flotilla as the incident unfolded
A video showed Thunberg sitting on deck while being handed a water bottle and raincoat.
It’s so far unclear how many boats have been intercepted.
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The flotilla ignored requests to turn back and organisers said the interception was illegal as it happened in “international waters” around 80 miles off the coast.
Greg Stoker, a US veteran who’s involved, said water cannon had been used on some of the boats.
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0:42
Gaza-bound flotilla ‘aggressively circled’ by warship
The flotilla, which set off from Barcelona and scheduled to arrive this morning, was flanked by NATO warships for some of the journey.
The attempt has received a lot of attention, with Nelson Mandela’s grandson, a former Barcelona mayor and several European legislators taking part.
Israel said the mission was violating a lawful blockade and is only intended to provoke. It also said it had offered a way to deliver any aid peacefully through safe channels.
Organisers said the night-time interception was the second time the flotilla had been approached on Wednesday, after “warships” earlier encircled two of its boats.
Image: The flotilla set off from Barcelona on 31 August and later stopped in Sicily
Last week, drones also reportedly dropped stun grenades and itching powder on some vessels.
Israel didn’t comment, but has said it will use any means to stop the boats getting to Gaza.
Protests have broken out in Italy and Turkey over the treatment of the flotilla.
Italy’s largest union has called a general strike tomorrow, saying the “attack on civilian vessels carrying Italian citizens represents an extremely serious matter”.
Turkey’s foreign ministry called Israel’s interception an “attack” and “an act of terror” that endangered lives of those on board.
Gaza has been dealing with severe food shortages due to the ongoing war.
Image: Thunberg and activist Saif Abukeshek. Pic: Reuters/Nacho Doce
Agencies such as the UN accused Israel of deliberately slowing the delivery of supplies – something it denies.
However, the aid being carried by the flotilla is said to only be a symbolic amount of food and medicine.
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30:03
Will Trump’s Gaza plan bring peace?
Meanwhile, all eyes remain on Hamas and whether it will accept Donald Trump’s peace plan to end the two-year war, sparked by the group’s terror attack on Israel.
The 20-point proposal was unveiled alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the White House this week.
Hamas said it would study the plan and consult with other factions, but didn’t give an indication of when it would deliver its verdict.
At Kabul International Airport, there are dozens of confused looking families.
Many are holding flowers, waiting and hoping their loved ones will touch down.
Others came here hoping to take-off but are now sitting bewildered in the hot sun.
After the Taliban imposed a nationwide shutdown of the internet, no one knows if any flights are still operating and no one can use their phones to find out.
Image: The Taliban caught many in the country off-guard with their shutdown. File pic: West Asia News Agency via Reuters
“I am waiting for my brother from Australia,” one man tells me, “but I don’t know if he’s coming”.
Beyond the gates, the runway is full of grounded planes.
After hours of waiting on Tuesday, no international flights took off or arrived at Kabul Airport, despite some airlines scheduling departures.
The Taliban caught many in the country off-guard with their shutdown – reportedly even some of their own ministers.
Initially, there appeared to be no official indication of how long the shutdown might last or an explanation for why it was imposed.
Image: A man tries to use Google on his smartphone in the Afghan capital. Pic: Reuters
On Wednesday, the Taliban government rejected reports of a nationwide internet ban, saying old fibre optic cables are worn out and are being replaced.
But, at the airport, people worry it could be indefinite. Others speculate about rumours it’s to do with security protocols and the movement of officials in the country.
No one knows, and the TV and radio stations they get their news from have not been providing the latest information.
Image: Men try to connect their smart TV to the internet. Pic: Reuters
The banks are open but no one can get out money. An employee at the bank in our hotel in Kabul told us they haven’t been able to open their operating systems since Tuesday morning and that Western Union isn’t accessible either.
That’s hugely significant in a country where many are reliant on money sent back by relatives abroad and banks are already struggling with sanctions.
No one can call the police, no one can call an ambulance, and hospitals and medical services are wrestling with how to adjust too.
It follows more than a week of temporary connectivity issues in some parts of the country, with the northern region of Balkh among the first to be affected by a ban on fibre optic internet.
Image: Taliban fighters ride on a pickup truck during celebrations marking the fourth anniversary of the US withdrawal. Pic: AP
In the last 10 days, we have been travelling across Afghanistan. People in Nangarhar, Kunar, Mazar-i-Sharif and Herat all expressed concern about possible impending blackouts, and we personally experienced a slowdown in connectivity in these places. But nothing as widespread or sustained as this shutdown which is nationwide.
Two weeks ago, the Taliban’s provincial government spokesman Haji Attaullah Zaid said leader Hibatullah Akhundzada had imposed a “complete ban” on cable internet access in Balkh.
“This measure was taken to prevent immorality, and an alternative will be built within the country for necessities,” Mr Zaid said.
It was said to be connected to concerns around pornography – but this was never officially stated by the Taliban.
We have tried to reach the government for comment via satellite phone but with no success.
Image: No one knows how long the shutdown will last. Pic: Reuters
The blackout has disrupted phone services. In countries with limited telecom infrastructure, phone networks are often routed through fibre-optic systems which have now been disabled.
The lack of connectivity has raised immediate concern in the aid community. Amnesty International called it “reckless” and said the shutdown would have “far-reaching consequences for the delivery of aid, access to healthcare and girls’ education”.
After the Taliban banned school for girls over the age of 12, many in the country have been secretly studying online.
During the previous temporary blackouts, the Taliban did warn more was to come. But no one appears to have anticipated this – not ordinary citizens, not foreign officials here in Kabul, not big business, not the airlines or the hospitals.
It is an indication of how quickly this country can turn and the power the Taliban has to disrupt and reshape its future.
Internationally, many are raising concerns that this is an attempt by the Taliban at widespread censorship and further restriction of girls’ education.
Whatever the intention of their move, it has created an extreme scenario: no one in this country can currently contact anyone – for an emergency, for a family member, or for guidance – creating a major information vacuum.
At least 69 people have been killed in a powerful 6.9-magnitude earthquake that rocked the central Philippines.
The centre of the quake, which knocked out power lines and sent people running out into the streets, was about 12 miles northeast of Bogo, a coastal city of about 90,000 people on the island of Cebu.
Civil defence official Raffy Alejandro told reporters that the city’s hospital has been “overwhelmed,” and that the number of dead remains “fluid”.
Earlier, authorities said at least 14 residents in Bogo had died. Another official said more than 150 people were injured.
The tremor was set off by movement in a local fault at a depth of three miles at around 10pm (3pm in the UK) on Tuesday.
Image: Pic: AP
Gemma Villamor, head of the local disaster office, said earlier that in the town of Medellin, near Bogo, at least 12 residents died when the ceilings and walls of their homes collapsed, with some asleep at the time.
And in nearby San Remigio, vice mayor Alfie Reynes added that five people – including three coastguard members, a firefighter, and a child – were killed by collapsing walls while fleeing a basketball game.
He later told DZMM Radio: “It is raining heavily and there is no electricity so we really need help, especially in the northern part because there’s a scarcity of water after supply lines were damaged by the earthquake.”
Image: Medical teams in Cebu city, central Philippines, help the injured. Pic: AP
Image: Pic: AP
Businesses and landmark buildings have suffered damage, including an old Catholic church in the town of Daanbantayan, and roads have shown deep cracks.
The PhilippineInstitute of Volcanology and Seismology briefly issued a tsunami warning for Cebu and nearby provinces, but later lifted it after no unusual waves were detected.
The quake struck while Cebu and surrounding areas were still recovering from a severe storm that hit the central region days earlier, killing at least 27 people mainly from drownings and fallen trees, cutting power across cities, and forcing evacuations.
The Philippines, located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, is highly prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
It also faces around 20 typhoons and storms annually, making it one of the world’s most disaster-prone nations.