A surge in demand for artificial intelligence-focused semiconductors and AI-enabled smartphones and laptops could lead to the next global chip shortage, according to a report released Wednesday by consultancy Bain & Company.
The last major semiconductor shortage happened during the Covid-19 pandemic amid supply chain disruption and a rise in demand for consumer electronics as people were forced to stay and work at home.
Technology giants have been snapping up graphics processing units, or GPUs, mainly from Nvidia. These GPUs which are housed in data centers are critical for the training of huge AI models which underpin applications like OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
Meanwhile, companies like Qualcomm are designing chips that go into smartphones and personal computers and allow those devices to run AI applications locally rather than via an internet connection in the cloud. These are often referred to as AI-enabled devices and companies from Samsung to Microsoft have released such products.
Bain said demand for GPUs and AI consumer electronics could be the cause of a chip shortage.
“Surging demand for graphics processing units (GPUs) has caused shortages in specific elements of the semiconductor value chain,” Anne Hoecker, head of the technology practice in the Americas at Bain & Company, told CNBC by email.
“If we combine the growth in demand for GPUs alongside a wave of AI-enabled devices, which could accelerate PC product refresh cycles, there could be more widespread constraints on semiconductor supply.”
However, it’s unclear at this point how much demand such AI-enabled gadgets will have, given what appears to be a cautious approach to them from consumers so far.
Bain & Company noted that the semiconductor supply chain is “incredibly complex, and a demand increase of about 20% or more has a high likelihood of upsetting the equilibrium and causing a chip shortage.”
“The AI explosion across the confluence of the large end markets could easily surpass that threshold, creating vulnerable chokepoints throughout the supply chain,” the report added.
The semiconductor supply chain is spread across multiple companies. For example, while Nvidia might design its GPUs, they are made by Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., or TSMC, in Taiwan. TSMC relies on chipmaking tools from countries around the world, such as the Netherlands. Furthermore, the most cutting-edge chips can only be made at a large scale by TSMC and Samsung Electronics.
Geopolitics could also be a factor prompting a chip shortage. Semiconductors are seen by governments around the world as strategic technology. The U.S. has been on a campaign, via export restrictions and other sanctions, of trying to restrict China’s access to the most advanced chips. Meanwhile, Washington has sought to shore up its own domestic capacity to produce semiconductors.
“Geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions, and multinational tech companies’ decoupling of their supply chains from China continue to pose serious risks to semiconductor supply. Delays in factory construction, materials shortages, and other unpredictable factors could also create pinch points,” Bain & Company said.
A Google logo is at the announcement of Google’s biggest-ever investment in Germany on November 11, 2025 in Berlin, Germany.
Sean Gallup | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Alphabet on Monday resuscitated the artificial intelligence trade, which had been flagging the previous week. Its stock jumped 6.3%, lifting associated AI names such as Broadcom, Micron Technology and AMD. Major indexes rallied, with the Nasdaq Composite posting its best day in six months.
Investors were particularly enthusiastic about Broadcom because it helps to design and manufacture Google-parent Alphabet’s custom AI chips. In other words, the more market share Alphabet’s AI offerings gain, the greater the benefit to Broadcom — rather like Nvidia and the broader AI sector at the moment. Broadcom shares surged 11.1% on this notion, making it the S&P 500’s top gainer.
But while investors may cheer Alphabet’s leadership on Monday, not everyone wants it to have the last word.
“Some investors are petrified that Alphabet will win the AI war due to huge improvements in its Gemini AI model and ongoing benefits from its custom TPU chip,” Melius Research analyst Ben Reitzes wrote to clients in a Monday note. “GOOGL winning would actually hurt several stocks we cover — so prepare for volatility.”
Approaching the market’s moves from another angle, Melissa Brown, managing director of investment decision research at SimCorp, said it’s a concern when just one stock lifts the market. “That just doesn’t seem to me to be a sustainable force behind driving the market higher over the next however many days,” she added.
Alphabet on Monday may have brought about alpha — in the sense of market outperformance and potentially beginning a new phase of AI enthusiasm — but letting it be the omega as well could pose problems for investors.
What you need to know today
U.S. tech stocks roar back. The Nasdaq Composite popped 2.69%, its best day since May 12, on investors enthusiasm over Alphabet.Other major indexes rose in tandem. Asia-Pacific markets were mostly Tuesday as AI-related stocks ticked up.
Record outflows from BlackRock’s bitcoin ETF. The iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF has seen an exodus of $2.2 billion this month as of Monday stateside, according to FactSet data. That’s almost eight times more in losses than last October, or its second-worst month on record.
Sandisk joins the S&P 500. The flash storage vendor will replace marketing company Interpublic Group in the index before trading begins on Nov. 28 stateside. Shares of Sandisk jumped 7% in extended trading on Monday.
Trump has back-to-back calls with Xi and Takaichi. But the Beijing-Tokyo spat is unlikely to be resolved soon. U.S. President Donald Trump has stayed publicly silent, adding uncertainty for Japan and Taiwan at a tense moment.
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And finally…
MUMBAI, INDIA – OCTOBER 22: Executive chair at the South Korean automaker Hyundai Motor Group Euisun Chung and managing director and CEO at India’s National Stock Exchange (NSE) Ashish Kumar Chauhan and Jaehoon Chang, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and President of Hyundai Motor Company pose for a photo during the listing ceremony of Hyundai Motor India for its initial public offering (IPO) at the NSE in Mumbai, India on October 22, 2024.
A Google cloud logo is seen at the announcement of Google’s biggest-ever investment in Germany on November 11, 2025 in Berlin, Germany.
Sean Gallup | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Alphabet on Monday resuscitated the artificial intelligence trade, which had been flagging the previous week. Its stock jumped 6.3%, lifting associated AI names such as Broadcom, Micron Technology and AMD. Major indexes rallied, with the Nasdaq Composite posting its best day in six months.
Investors were particularly enthusiastic about Broadcom because it helps to design and manufacture Google-parent Alphabet’s custom AI chips. In other words, the more market share Alphabet’s AI offerings gain, the greater the benefit to Broadcom — rather like Nvidia and the broader AI sector at the moment. Broadcom shares surged 11.1% on this notion, making it the S&P 500’s top gainer.
But while investors may cheer Alphabet’s leadership on Monday, not everyone wants it to have the last word.
“Some investors are petrified that Alphabet will win the AI war due to huge improvements in its Gemini AI model and ongoing benefits from its custom TPU chip,” Melius Research analyst Ben Reitzes wrote to clients in a Monday note. “GOOGL winning would actually hurt several stocks we cover — so prepare for volatility.”
Approaching the market’s moves from another angle, Melissa Brown, managing director of investment decision research at SimCorp, said it’s a concern when just one stock lifts the market. “That just doesn’t seem to me to be a sustainable force behind driving the market higher over the next however many days,” she added.
Alphabet on Monday may have brought about alpha — in the sense of market outperformance and potentially beginning a new phase of AI enthusiasm — but letting it be the omega as well could pose problems for investors.
What you need to know today
And finally…
Futures-options traders work on the floor at the New York Stock Exchange’s NYSE American (AMEX) in New York City, U.S., Nov. 19, 2025.
Dan Hanbury, who co-manages the Global Strategic Equity strategy at investment manager Ninety One, told CNBC that while the formation of an AI bubble appears to be “the ultimate question at the moment,” off-kilter prices stretch far beyond the realms of artificial intelligence.
“I think if you step back and look at valuations, it’s very hard to argue there’s not a bubble in the U.S. market,” he conceded. But despite there being “lots of red flags” in equity markets, Hanbury said market participants needed to take a broader view.
CHONGQING, CHINA – JULY 17: In this photo illustration, a person holds a physical representation of a Bitcoin (BTC) coin in front of a screen displaying a candlestick chart of Bitcoin’s latest price movements on July 17, 2025 in Chongqing, China. (Photo illustration by Cheng Xin/Getty Images)
Cheng Xin | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Blackrock’s spot bitcoin exchange-traded fund is having its worst month ever as its underlying asset suffers its largest monthly decline in more than three years.
The iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF has recorded $2.2 billion in outflows this month, as of Monday, FactSet data shows. That’s nearly eight times the $291 million in losses suffered by the investment vehicle last October, or its second-worst month on record since its debut in early 2024.
The outflows come as bitcoin is bleeding. The digital asset was last trading at $87,907.10— down more than 20% over the past month and off more than 40% from its high of just north of $126,000 hit in early October. That makes November bitcoin’s worst month since June 2022, when the asset’s price fell about 39%.
“There’s no doubt that hot-money investments have had significant outflows,” Jay Hatfield, CEO and portfolio manager at Infrastructure Capital Advisors, told CNBC.
But, “the pullback is really focused on the gambling part of the market … and bitcoin is really the poster child for that,” he said.
Investors are exiting Blackrock’s fund to rotate into risk-off assets such as gold amid mounting economic uncertainties and signs of souring market sentiment.
A recent survey from the University of Michigan showed that consumer sentiment has nosedived to near record-low levels. Meanwhile, investors are awaiting crucial data from the September retail sales and the producer price index reports, due out on Tuesday. And while the CME FedWatch Tool shows that traders are now pricing in more than 80% odds that the Federal Reserve will slash rates at its December meeting, such a cut remains far from sure bet.
Amid all the uncertainty, bitcoin is bleeding. And, investors in spot bitcoin ETFs, particularly newer holders, are feeling pressure to sell their shares — a reality that could extend the asset’s downside in the near term, Frank Chaparro, head of content and special projects at crypto-focused trading firm GSR, told CNBC.
“With the macro environment becoming less certain, investors tend to de-risk across assets, which often means trimming exposure to crypto and other risk-sensitive stocks,” Chaparro said. “And for newer entrants who came in through the funds, any downturn can be unsettling – they can sell just as quickly as they bought.”
But while it’s true that spot bitcoin ETFs have brought in hoards of new retail investors who may be flighty during volatile times, the funds have also attracted a range of long-term investors such as institutions who can hold through the downturn, according to Joshua Levine, chairman at bitcoin treasury firm OranjeBTC, told CNBC.
That institutional base could “dampen some of the extreme downside, but also smooth upside, reducing bitcoin’s volatility as the asset class matures,” Levine said.