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Whoever picked up the keys to the White House, this was always going to be a historic election win.

A Kamala Harris victory would have made her the first female president. Donald Trump is the first convicted felon to become POTUS.

In May, Trump became the first former US president to be criminally convicted, for attempting to cover up a hush money payment to porn star Stormy Daniels during his 2016 campaign.

Donald Trump in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Pic: Reuters
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Mr Trump is now due to be inaugurated as president for the second time. Pic: Reuters

He was found guilty of 34 counts of falsifying business records to commit election fraud. As it stands, he is due to be sentenced in this case later in November.

Mr Trump, who is due to be inaugurated as president in January, has also been embroiled in other state and federal criminal cases, as well as civil cases. He has pleaded not guilty to charges against him and alleged prosecutions are politically motivated.

Experts say it is likely the federal cases at least will “go away”.

‘Hush money’ – state case

FILE - Stormy Daniels arrives at an event in Berlin, on Oct. 11, 2018. Witness testimony in Donald Trump's hush money trial is set to move forward again and all eyes are on who will be called next. An attorney for Stormy Daniels says the porn actor is expected to appear as a witness on Tuesday.  File pic: AP
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Stormy Daniels. Pic: AP 2018

This is the case relating to Stormy Daniels, for which Trump was found guilty of covering up his then lawyer’s $130,000 (£99,000) payment for her silence before the 2016 election, about a sexual encounter she alleges they had a decade earlier.

Trump is due to be sentenced in New York on 26 November – and could face up to four years in prison. His lawyers are now expected to ask Justice Juan Merchan to delay the hearing.

Initially set for July, Judge Merchan has already twice postponed the sentencing. This is in part due to a US Supreme Court ruling made in July, finding that presidents have broad immunity from prosecution over their official acts.

Mr Trump argues the case should be dismissed based on this, which prosecutors dispute.

Election subversion – federal case

Joe Biden addresses the nation after the US Electoral College formally confirmed his victory over President Donald Trump in the 2020 election. Pic: Reuters
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Trump claimed that he won the 2020 election, not Joe Biden. Pic: Reuters

Donald Trump is also charged with attempting to overturn his defeat in the 2020 election, which he lost to Joe Biden.

He has pleaded not guilty to criminal charges accusing him of a conspiracy to obstruct the process to collect and certify the results.

He was accused of using “dishonesty, fraud, and deceit” and spreading “pervasive and destabilising lies about election fraud”.

Again, this case has been slowed by the US Supreme Court ruling on presidents and immunity.

Election interference – state case

Mugshot from the Fulton County Sherriff's Office in Georgia. Pic: AP/Fulton County Sherriff
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Mugshot from the Fulton County Sherriff’s Office in Georgia. Pic: AP/Fulton County Sherriff

Mr Trump was formally booked at Georgia’s Fulton County jail in August 2023, charged over an alleged conspiracy to reverse his defeat specifically in the battleground state in the 2020 election.

While he was there, he had his mugshot and fingerprints taken before being released on bail. Speaking to media afterwards, he said: “What has taken place here is a travesty of justice. We did nothing wrong. I did nothing wrong and everybody knows that. I’ve never had such support.”

The election result in Georgia was memorably close, triggering two recounts, but ultimately Mr Biden won by 11,779 votes – or 0.23% of the five million cast.

It was certified by both Georgia’s Republican governor Brian Kemp and secretary of state Brad Raffensperger. But Mr Trump did not accept the result.

FILE PHOTO: Former mayor of New York City and former Trump lawyer Rudy Giuliani speaks at the Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum during a rally held by Republican presidential nominees and former U.S. President Donald Trump, in Uniondale, New York, U.S., September 18, 2024. REUTERS/Brendan McDermid/File Photo
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Rudy Giuliani, former mayor of New York City and Trump lawyer, was also charged in the case in Georgia

Prosecutors used state racketeering laws, developed to fight organised crime, to charge him and others, including his former lawyer Rudy Giuliani.

Mr Trump and eight of his 14 co-defendants in the case are appealing. They are seeking to disqualify the lead prosecutor, Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis, over alleged misconduct.

Misuse of classified documents – federal case

FILE PHOTO: An aerial view of former U.S. President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago home after Trump said that FBI agents raided it, in Palm Beach, Florida, U.S. August 15, 2022. REUTERS/Marco Bello/File Photo
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Documents were found at Trump’s Mar-a-Lago home. Pic: REUTERS/Marco Bello 2022

Mr Trump had also faced charges over classified documents he allegedly took from the White House, including deleting CCTV footage of his staff moving boxes at his Florida home.

However, a judge threw out this case against him on 15 July.

Details on the US nuclear weapons programmes, potential vulnerabilities of the nation and its allies, and plans for retaliatory military attacks were in some of the documents, the federal indictment said.

Prosecutors are appealing.

Civil cases

Donald Trump speaking at a rally just before the January 6 riot at the US Capitol. Pic: Reuters
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Trump spoke at a rally contesting the result of the 2020 election. Pic: Reuters

He is also appealing several civil lawsuits totalling more than $500m (about £388m), which likely won’t be affected by his win.

These include a civil fraud case in New York state, and cases brought by writer E Jean Carroll, who sued him for allegedly sexually assaulting her in the 1990s, and defaming her while he was president the first time.

The appeals court is expected to rule in the sexual assault case first, with the ruling expected at any time, according to NBC.

Mr Trump is also facing eight pending civil suits related to the attack on the US Capitol on 6 January 2021, following his complaints of voter fraud in the 2020 election.

No trial date has been set, but with appeals these could take months or even longer to be determined, NBC reports.

So what happens now?

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March 2024: Donald Trump on presidential immunity

Experts say his election victory will essentially end the criminal cases brought against him, at least for the time he occupies the White House.

He has previously said that should he become president again, he would fire US Special Counsel Jack Smith – who led the federal prosecutions – “within two seconds” of being sworn in.

While he will indeed have the authority to fire Mr Smith and shut down the federal cases, he will not have the same control over state cases in New York and Georgia.

However, being the US president is a unique position, and means it is unlikely he will face legal consequences in either case during his term in office.

Does that mean he gets off?

Sky News US correspondent James Matthews says this is a possibility, although he adds that the two state cases “are more complicated”.

As president, Mr Trump would have the power “to appoint officials of his choice at the Department of Justice,” Matthews added, and it is “probably fair to say their brief would include dropping the two federal cases”.

Can Trump pardon himself?

Pic: Steven Hirsch/pool via Reuters
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Pic: Steven Hirsch/pool via Reuters – May 2024

This is also a possibility, Matthews said. It falls within the power of the president, although a self-pardon has never been tested legally.

The issue of a pardon doesn’t apply in state cases – however, the conviction and prosecution are weakened by the Supreme Court ruling.

“Nor can evidence of official acts be used in evidence to support the prosecution of a crime committed out of office,” Matthews said.

“In both the New York appeal and Georgia case, expect Trump’s lawyers to point to evidence used to convict him – phone calls and behaviour whilst in the role of president – and claim it relates to official acts and, under the Supreme Court ruling, should be ruled inadmissible.”

Read more:
Trump’s main pledges for second term
Harris team will be searching for answers

Danny Cevallos, legal analyst for Sky News’ US partner NBC, said he could say with “a lot of confidence” that the federal cases “are going to go away”.

Mr Trump could appoint an attorney general “who will simply do his bidding and dismiss the case,” he said, or he could instruct the justice department “to not even bother with the appeal of the already dismissed federal case. Those cases are, for all intents and purposes, gone”.

Next up, the hush money case. Even if sentencing does happen on 26 November, “in all likelihood, it’s not a case that he’s going to get prison time”, Mr Cevallos said, due to a number of factors.

He added: “You have someone over 75 years old, no guns, no drugs, no violence… in the spectrum of criminals who might be able to get a probation-only or house arrest sentence, Donald Trump is in a high likelihood. That’s even if the case goes forward this month for sentencing, it might not.”

Finally, the case in Georgia is “mired in appeal”, Mr Cevallos said.

“In all likelihood, those cases will be put on pause. And four years from now, who knows what the political situation will be in Fulton County, Georgia.”

Fulton County is “not good at speedy trials in complex cases,” he added, so “Donald Trump’s case may never see the light of day in Georgia”.

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In pictures: Prayers and tears as body of Pope Francis moved to St Peter’s Basilica

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In pictures: Prayers and tears as body of Pope Francis moved to St Peter's Basilica

The Vatican has opened St Peter’s Basilica to the public so people can pay their final respects to Pope Francis.

Three days of public mourning will take place before the pontiff’s funeral on Saturday.

The body of Pope Francis was moved to St Peter’s Basilica from the chapel of the Casa Santa Marta earlier on Wednesday.

Here are pictures of the procession to the basilica, where tens of thousands of mourners are expected to file past the open casket over the next three days.

Pope Francis
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The body of Pope Francis was escorted by a procession of solemn cardinals and Swiss Guards

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican on the day of its translation, as seen from Rome, Italy, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Mohammed Salem TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica on the day of its translation, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Claudia Greco TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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Pic: Reuters

A woman reacts at the St. Peter's Square, on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' body and its transfer to Saint Peter's Basilica, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
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Emotional scenes in St Peter’s Square as the coffin approached the basilica. Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican on the day of its translation, as seen from Rome, Italy, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Mohammed Salem
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Large crowds watched Wednesday’s procession. Pic: Reuters

A Swiss Guard stands as people gather in St Peter's Square on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' body, which will be transported inside the Basilica, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Guglielmo Mangiapane
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A Swiss Guard stands as people watch in St Peter’s Square. Pic: Reuters

A nun cries as the body of Pope Francis is carried into St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Wednesday, April 23, 2025, where he will lie in state for three days. (AP Photo/Emilio Morenatti)
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Pic: AP

People gather in St Peter's Square on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' body, which will be transported inside the Basilica, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Guglielmo Mangiapane
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Pic: Reuters

Swiss guards stand at Arco delle Campane on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' coffin, which will be transported inside the Basilica, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Yara Nardi
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Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica, on the day of its translation, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
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Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican on the day of its translation, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Guglielmo Mangiapane TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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Pic: Reuters

Nuns wait on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' body and its transfer to Saint Peter's Basilica, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Kevin Coombs
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Pic: Reuters

Members of the clergy walk to St. Peter's Basilica on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' body and its transfer to the basilica, as seen from Rome, Italy, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Claudia Greco
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Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican on the day of its translation, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Guglielmo Mangiapane TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin into Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican on the day of its translation, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Guglielmo Mangiapane TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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The body of Pope Francis is carried in a coffin into St Peter’s Basilica. Pic: Reuters

Pope Francis' body is carried in a coffin inside Saint Peter's Basilica at the Vatican on the day of its translation, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Hannah McKay
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Pic: Reuters

A clergy member and Nuns attend the arrival of Pope Francis's coffin at Saint Peter's Basilica, in Vatican City, 23 April 2025. ALESSANDRO DI MEO/Pool via REUTERS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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Pic: Reuters

The body of Pope Francis is carried into St. Peters Basilica for three days of lying in state, in Vatican City, 23 April 2025. ALESSANDRO DI MEO/Pool via REUTERS
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The procession reaches the final moments in St Peter’s Basilica. Pic: Reuters

Cardinals pay their respects by the coffin containing Pope Francis' body, on the day of the translation of his body, in St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Yara Nardi
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The wooden casket was perched on a slight ramp with Swiss Guards nearby. Pic: Reuters

A nun reacts at St. Peter's Square, on the day of the translation of Pope Francis' body and its transfer to Saint Peter's Basilica, at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Susana Vera
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Pic: Reuters

A cardinal walks past the coffin of Pope Francis on the day of the translation of his body, in St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, April 23, 2025. REUTERS/Hannah McKay TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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Pic: Reuters

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‘Now is our time’: Despite tariffs, China’s Silicon Valley is ready to make its mark on the world

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'Now is our  time': Despite tariffs, China's Silicon Valley is ready to make its mark on the world

The city of Hangzhou is one of the most historic and beautiful in China.

But this ancient place now has the most modern of reputations, as China’s ‘Silicon Valley’.

A vibrant hub for entrepreneurs and high-tech start-ups, Hangzhou is home to headline-grabbing success stories like Alibaba and breakthrough AI firm, DeepSeek.

In the context of escalating competition with America, the world is increasingly paying attention.

Those who are part of the tech scene here brim with enthusiasm.

The city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, has been labelled ‘China’s Silicon Valley’

Over coffee, in an ultra-modern city complex, they describe how exciting this moment feels, not just for their businesses, but for China too.

“We have the talents, we have the environment, and we have the full supply chain, even though we have a challenging environment,” says Grace Zheng, who has worked at the AI glasses creator Looktech since its inception.

More on China

“It’s our time.”

The others laugh and nod. “I agree with it,” says Jia Dou, whose company Wuli Coffee, creates high-tech, automated commercial coffee machines. “And I think it’s our time to show and battle with other foreign countries.”

Grace Zheng works for Looktech, a company which manufactures AI glasses 
Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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Grace Zheng is enthusiastic about the future for China

And is that a battle China could now win, I ask? “Of course,” comes the answer.

They tell stories of how estate agents in Hangzhou dedicated hours of their time for free to find the perfect laboratory space, and how the local government showered them in grants and incentives; so hungry is this city for tech success.

A conversation with tech entrepreneurs in the Chinese city of Hangzhou 
Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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These entrepreneurs in Hangzhou say the city supports a vibrant hub of tech start-ups

“Hangzhou says we’ll provide the sunshine and the water, you go ahead and grow,” explains Zhang Jie.

She is the convenor of this group. An entrepreneur herself and the founder of a thriving ‘incubator’ for start-ups, she has invested in and mentored all the others around the table.

She is passionate, energetic and has a second-to-none understanding of what makes Hangzhou and China’s tech scene so successful.

“In China, we have more than 10 million university and college students graduating. Then we’re talking about at least five to six million engineers with college education background,” she says.

“So with such a large group of young and intelligent people with a good environment, a favourable environment for entrepreneurship, I’m sure there will be even greater companies coming in the future.”

 Zhang Jie runs an incubator to help start-ups in Hangzhou 
 Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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Zhang Jie helps start-ups in Hangzhou, where she says entrepreneurship is able to thrive

Indeed, a combination of light-touch local regulation, (unusual in China more broadly), coupled with one of the most business-oriented and free-thinking universities in the country, Zhejiang University, is viewed by many as the secret sauce in Hangzhou.

Zhang says she has had more young people approach her with business ideas in the last quarter than at any other time before, and she is full of optimism about the current wave.

“They are already companies [in China that will] probably be greater than Apple, right?” She laughs.

And she may well be right.

But there is one name in particular, born and bred in Hangzhou, that has captured the world’s attention in recent months.

When DeepSeek unveiled its latest open-source AI model earlier this year, it stunned the world, claiming to be as good as western competitors for a fraction of the price.

The headquarters of Hangzhou-based AI firm DeepSeek
Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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The Hangzhou HQ of DeepSeek, which has stunned the world with its recent AI advances

Many are now talking about the ‘DeepSeek moment’, a moment that turbocharged confidence within China and made the rest of the world sit up and take notice.

Indeed, successes like this are being lauded by China’s leaders. In February, tech bosses, including DeepSeek’s founder Liang Wenfeng, were invited to a symposium with Xi Jinping and his top team.

Photo ops and handshakes with the president, an abrupt change from the crackdown they faced just a few years ago. In fact, tech is now being positioned as a key pillar in China’s future economy, repeatedly highlighted in official communications.

But what is seen as inspiring innovation in China is viewed by the United States as a threat.

Donald Trump is moving to ramp up restrictions, including more export controls on chips being sold to China.

Read more from Sky News:
What is DeepSeek?
China raises tariffs on US

Businesses in Hangzhou are of course aware of the trade war unfolding around them, many who export to America will take a significant hit, but most think they can cope.

Dr Song Ning is one of them. He proudly shows us his factory, which is integrated with the lab work and R&D side of his business.

His company, Diagens, uses AI to massively speed up medical diagnostics, cutting the time taken to run a chromosomal screening from 30 days to 4. He is also working on a chatbot called WiseDiag which has more advanced medical understanding and can be used by patients.

Inside the factory of Diagens, a Hangzhou-based firm using AI to speed up medical diagnostics
Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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This lab at the firm Diagens is using AI to speed up medical diagnostics

While they are actively seeking business in over 35 foreign countries, for now, the pursuit of American customers is on pause.

“Competition is a good thing… it makes us all stronger,” he says.

Dr Song Ning, a Hangzhou-based entrepreneur, whose businesses Diagens and WiseDiag use AI to improve medical diagnostics 
Stills from Helen-Ann Smith VT about city of Hangzhou, in Zhejiang province, dubbed “China’s Silicon Valley”
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Dr Song Ning believes Donald Trump’s policies will not be able to impede innovation

“I do not think by limiting the scientific and technological progress of China or other countries, Trump will be able to achieve his goal, I think it is a false premise.

“Information is so developed now, each country has very smart people, it will only force us to have more tech innovation.”

While individuals remain defiant, the trade war will still leave a big hole in China’s economy. Tech firms, however advanced, can’t yet fill that gap.

But the innovation here is rapid, and there is no doubt, it will leave its mark on the world.

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Tens of thousands of the faithful to pay their respects to the Pope as he lies in state

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Tens of thousands of the faithful to pay their respects to the Pope as he lies in state

Mourners will be able to view the body of Pope Francis lying in state in St Peter’s Basilica from Wednesday, ahead of his funeral this weekend.

Tens of thousands of people are expected to travel to the Vatican over the next three days to pay their respects to the pontiff, who died on Easter Monday at the age of 88.

After his funeral on Saturday morning (9am UK time) there will be a nine-day period of mourning, known as the “novendiali”, after which the secretive meeting – called the conclave – will begin to elect a new pope.

Pope Francis: Follow the latest

The conclave to choose his successor must start between 5 and 10 May.

The first images of his body were released on Tuesday, showing him in red vestments and his bishop’s mitre in a wooden casket.

SENSITIVE MATERIAL. THIS IMAGE MAY OFFEND OR DISTURB Cardinal Pietro Parolin, the Vatican's secretary of state, stands near the body of Pope Francis, placed in an open casket during the rite of the declaration of death in Santa Marta residence at the Vatican, April 21, 2025. Vatican Media/­Handout via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY
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The Vatican’s secretary of state, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, standing over the body of Pope Francis. Pic: Reuters

The Vatican secretary of state was shown praying over him in the chapel of the Domus Santa Marta hotel where he lived and died.

More on Pope Francis

Previous popes were entombed in three coffins: the first made of wood, another of lead and a third, again made of wood. But in 2024, Francis changed the rules and said that only one coffin, a wooden one lined in zinc, should be used.

In a break from tradition, he will be buried in the basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore (St Mary Major), according to his wishes.

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3D map shows pope’s funeral route

Following the pope’s death, from a stroke and heart failure, world leaders have praised his moral leadership and compassion.

On Tuesday, Sir Keir Starmer described him as “a quite remarkable man, and the work and commitment that he put into fairness over so many years, and globally, I think will be a real lasting legacy”.

Francis leaves behind a more inclusive but also divided Catholic Church

by Barbara Serra, Sky News presenter in Rome

An institution like the Catholic Church, which is more than 2,000 years old and has changed leadership 266 times, is well-versed in managing transition.

But while the steps that follow a pope’s death may be strictly dictated by tradition, the mood is often very different, depending on the pope that is being replaced.

The word Catholic means universal, and it’s a good reminder of the challenge facing any pope – leading a congregation 1.4 billion strong from all over the world, with differing ideas about if and how change should happen, is far from easy.

The global demographics of Catholicism are changing rapidly. Pope Francis was keenly aware of this.

We often talk about him as progressive, but a more accurate term to describe his papacy would be “inclusive”.

Read more from Barbara here

Sir Keir will join a growing list of dignitaries who will attend the funeral on Saturday, including Prince William, French President Emmanuel Macron, Ireland’s prime minister Micheal Martin, Spain’s King Felipe and Queen Letizia, and Donald Trump.

Read more from Sky News:
St Peter’s Square full of smiles
How accurate is Conclave?
What next after the Pope?

Huge numbers have attended the funerals of Pope Francis’s predecessors.

In 2023, around 50,000 people attended the funeral of Benedict XVI, according to the Washington Post. In 2005, around 300,000 went to the funeral of John Paul II.

Once the conclave begins, cardinals vote in secret sessions in the Sistine Chapel.

After voting sessions, the ballots are burned in a special stove. Black smoke indicates that no pope has been elected, while white smoke indicates that the cardinals have chosen the next head of the Catholic Church.

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