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A Samsung Electronics Co. 12-layer HBM3E, top, and other DDR modules arranged in Seoul, South Korea, on Thursday, April 4, 2024. 

SeongJoon Cho | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Samsung Electronics was once the dominant player in a type of semiconductor known as memory, putting it in a great position to capitalize on the boom of artificial intelligence.

But the South Korea electronics giant has now fallen behind its long-time rival SK Hynix in next-generation chips that have been key component for AI silicon leader Nvidia. The result? Samsung’s profit has plunged, around $126 billion has been wiped off its market value, according to data from S&P Capital IQ, and an executive issued a rare public apology about the company’s recent financial performance.

Memory is a critical type of chip used to store data, and it can be found in a plethora of devices from smartphones to laptops. For years, Samsung was the undeniable leader in this technology, ahead of South Korean rival SK Hynix and U.S. competitor Micron.

But as AI applications such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT rose in popularity, the underlying infrastructure required to train the huge models they rely on became a bigger focus. Nvidia has emerged as the top player in this space with its graphics processing units (GPUs) that have become the gold standard used by tech giants for AI training.

A crucial part of that semiconductor architecture is high-bandwidth memory, or HBM. This next generation of memory involves stacking multiple dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips, but it had a small market before the AI boom.

That’s where Samsung got caught out and failed to invest.

“HBM has been a very niche product … for a long time and Samsung has not focused its resources on its development,” Kazunori Ito, director of equity research at Morningstar, told CNBC by email.

“Due to the difficulty of the technology involved in stacking DRAMs and the small size of the addressable market, it was believed that the high development costs were not justified.”

SK Hynix saw this opportunity. The company aggressively launched HBM chips which were approved for use in Nvidia architecture and, in the process, the South Korean firm established a close relationship with the U.S. giant. Nvidia’s CEO even asked the company to speed up supply of its next generation chip, underscoring the importance of HBM to its products.

SK Hynix posted record quarterly operating profit in the September quarter.

“With strong R&D (research and development) investments and established industry partnerships, SK Hynix maintains an edge in both HBM innovation and market penetration,” Brady Wang, associated director at Counterpoint Research, told CNBC by email.

Samsung told CNBC that, in the third quarter, total HBM sales grew more than 70% quarter-on-quarter. The tech giant added that the current product known as HBM3E is in mass production and generating sales.

The South Korean tech company noted that development for its next-generation HBM4 is “underway according to plan” and that the company is targeting starting “mass production” in the second half of 2025.

Can Samsung make a comeback?

Analysts said that Samsung is lagging behind competitors for a number of reasons, including underinvestment in HBM and the fact that it is not a first-mover.

“It is fair to say that Samsung has not been able to close the gap with SK Hynix on the HBM development roadmap,” Morningstar’s Ito said.

Samsung struggling to execute as they have in the past, analyst says

Samsung’s ability to make a comeback in the short term appears to be closely linked to Nvidia.

A company must pass a strict qualification process before Nvidia approves it as a HBM supplier — and Samsung has not yet completed this verification. But a green light from Nvidia could open the door for Samsung to return to growth and compete more effectively with SK Hynix, according to analysts.

“Since NVIDIA holds more than 90% of the AI chip market, where most HBMs are used, NVIDIA’s approval is critical for Samsung to benefit from the robust demand for AI servers,” Ito said.

A Samsung spokesperson said that the company has made “meaning progress” regarding HBM3E and has “completed an important phase in the qualification process.”

“We expect to start expanding sales in the fourth quarter,” the spokesperson said.

Meanwhile, Wang noted that Samsung’s strength in research and development, as well as the company’s semiconductor manufacturing capacity that could help it catch up to SK Hynix.

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AppLovin, top tech stock of the year, soars another 45% on earnings beat

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AppLovin, top tech stock of the year, soars another 45% on earnings beat

Adam Foroughi, CEO of AppLovin.

CNBC

AppLovin shares soared 45% on Thursday after the online gaming and advertising company issued guidance that was well above estimates and reported better-than-expected earnings and revenue.

The stock jumped past $245 in early afternoon trading. It’s now up 515% this year, far outpacing all other tech companies valued at $5 billion or more, according to FactSet data. The rally has lifted AppLovin’s market cap to over $80 billion.

Revenue in the third quarter climbed 39% to $1.2 billion, topping the $1.13 billion average estimate, according to LSEG. Earnings per share of $1.25 exceeded the 92-cent average estimate.

For the fourth quarter, AppLovin sees revenue of $1.24 billion to $1.26 billion, representing growth of about 31% at the middle of the range. Analysts were expecting about $1.18 billion.

Founded 12 years ago, AppLovin went public in 2021, riding a Covid-era wave of excitement in online games. Now, the company’s games unit generates relatively slow growth, but its online ad business is bustling from advancements in artificial intelligence that have improved ad targeting.

AppLovin attributes much of its growth to its AI advertising engine called AXON, particularly since releasing the updated 2.0 version last year. The technology helps put more targeted ads on the mobile gaming apps the company owns, and it works for other studios that license the software.

The company said software platform revenue in the quarter increased 66% to $835 million, driven by improvements in AXON’s models.

“As we continue to improve our models our advertising partners are able to successfully spend at a greater scale,” the company said in a letter to shareholders.

While revenue is increasing at a rapid rate, Wall Street is most attracted to AppLovin’s profitability. Net income in the quarter increased 300% to $434.4 million, or $1.25 a share, from $108.6 million, or 30 cents a share, a year earlier. The software platform had an adjusted profit margin of 78%.

“AppLovin continues to impress with outsized revenue growth and incredible EBITDA conversion,” analysts at Wedbush wrote in a report on Thursday. They recommend buying the stock and increased their price target from $170 to $270.

AppLovin CEO Adam Foroughi, whose net worth swelled on Thursday by more than $2 billion to about $7.4 billion, provided an update on the company’s pilot e-commerce project. The technology allows businesses to offer targeted ads in games.

“In all my years, It’s the best product I’ve ever seen released by us, fastest growing, but it’s still in pilot,” Foroughi said on the earnings call. E-commerce “is looking so strong that it’s something that we think will be impactful to the business financially in 2025 and then for the long-term.”

— CNBC’s CJ Haddad contributed to this report

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How Elon Musk stands to cash in on Trump’s presidential victory

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How Elon Musk stands to cash in on Trump's presidential victory

Tesla CEO Elon Musk (R) joins former U.S. President and Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump during a campaign rally at the site of his first assassination attempt in Butler, Pennsylvania, on Oct. 5, 2024.

Jim Watson | Afp | Getty Images

As Donald Trump celebrated his presidential victory early Wednesday morning, Elon Musk was right there with him.

“A star is born. Elon,” Trump said onstage at his Mar-a-Lago resort, thanking the world’s richest person for spending two weeks campaigning in Pennsylvania.

Musk, who poured at least $130 million into a pro-Trump campaign effort, turned Trump support into yet another full-time job in recent months, funding a swing-state operation to register voters and using his social media platform X to constantly tout his preferred candidate, frequently with misinformation.

Musk’s investment in Trump is already paying off, even though Trump doesn’t take office until Jan. 20.

Tesla shares soared 15% on Wednesday, adding roughly $15 billion in paper value to Musk’s net worth. The electric vehicle maker faces headwinds in the global market from China-based competitors, declining European sales and consumers’ growing distaste for his political views.

But with Musk cozying up to Trump, and the president-elect promising to slash the types of regulations that Musk abhors, Wall Street is betting Tesla, on balance, will be a beneficiary.

For Musk, the potential gains go well beyond Tesla.

During his victory speech, Trump also praised Musk’s SpaceX and thanked Musk for delivering Starlink Wi-Fi terminals to Hurricane-stricken parts of the U.S. That all leaves Musk with plenty of reasons to be optimistic that a second Trump administration will pay healthy dividends to him and his businesses.

Elon Musk's big bet on Trump is a home run for Tesla, says Wedbush's Dan Ives

Musk’s companies are currently embroiled in a range of probes and lawsuits from federal agencies pertaining to matters including alleged securities law violations, workplace safety, labor and civil rights violations, violations of federal environmental laws, consumer fraud and vehicle safety defects.

Given the executive branch’s outsized control over federal regulatory bodies, Musk can look forward to regulators and intelligence agencies winding down some or all of the 19 known ongoing federal investigations and lawsuits against Tesla, SpaceX and X, formerly known as Twitter.

At New York’s Madison Square Garden on Oct. 27, Musk was one of many Trump fans and surrogates to speak during an all-day rally. Much of the coverage of the event focused on comedian Tony Hinchcliffe’s bigoted quips, including his description of Puerto Rico as a “floating island of garbage.”

Musk was introduced by Cantor Fitzgerald CEO Howard Lutnick, who called the Tesla CEO the “greatest capitalist” in U.S. history. Lutnick said he and Musk were co-founders of the envisioned “Department of Government Efficiency” and he asked Musk how much he thought could be cut from the federal budget.

Musk answered “at least $2 trillion,” which is more than the federal government’s discretionary budget of $1.7 trillion. The remark received a scream from Lutnick and applause from the crowd.

Musk didn’t specify what he sought to cut, but he previously accused agencies including the SEC, Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Aviation Administration of regulatory overreach or infringing on his free speech rights.

He also accused the Biden administration of hiring too many IRS personnel, and has vocally objected to a so-called billionaires tax.

Having a role in a bespoke commission could give Musk power over federal agencies’ budgets, staffing and the ability to push for the elimination of inconvenient regulations.

Musk also said during a Tesla earnings call on Oct. 23, that he intended to use his sway with Trump to establish a “federal approval process for autonomous vehicles.” Currently, approvals happen at the state level.

Tesla has been working on driverless technology for more than a decade but hasn’t yet produced a robotaxi or vehicle safe to use without a human ready to steer or brake at any time.

Additionally, a Trump administration may agree to ramp up the government’s work with his companies.

Musk’s newest startup, xAI, is developing large language models and generative artificial intelligence software that aims to compete with similar products from Microsoft-backed OpenAI, Meta and others. 

Meta recently announced its open-source Llama models were available to U.S. government agencies in the areas of defense and national security. And OpenAI is already working with the U.S. military after adding a retired U.S. Army general and former director of the National Security Agency to its board in June.

Musk didn’t respond to a request for comment.

SpaceX catches the first-stage “Super Heavy” booster of its Starship rocket on Oct. 13, 2024.

Sergio Flores | Afp | Getty Images

SpaceX’s billions in federal contracts

According to research on federal spending and prime contracts by FedScout, SpaceX has received more than $19 billion from contracts with the federal government since 2008, including from NASA, the U.S. Air Force and Space Force.

The company is on track to take in several billions of dollars annually from prime contracts with the federal government for years to come, according to FedScout CEO Geoff Orazem.

That number doesn’t include classified spending, smaller items like Starlink terminals, or spending that’s done at the state level via block grants from the federal government, like when the Federal Emergency Management Agency gives states assistance to help recover from natural disasters.

Meanwhile, Tesla has reported around $10 billion in sales of “automotive regulatory credits,” or environmental credits, since 2015, Orazem found by evaluating the company’s financial filings.

These incentives are largely derived from federal and state regulations in the U.S. that require automakers to sell some number of low-emission vehicles or buy credits from companies like Tesla, which often have an excess.

Regulatory credits were about 60% of Tesla’s net income in the second quarter of 2024, and 39% in the third quarter. Other government rebates on EV sales represented about 50% of Tesla’s third-quarter profit.

Trump hasn’t made clear whether he’ll maintain those rebates and regulatory credit programs. He previously said he may cut the federal $7,500 EV tax credit.

Additionally, Trump has promised to slash income taxes and to implement steep tariffs. While tariffs could help protect Tesla from Chinese competitors, such a move could involve significant disruption to Tesla’s automotive supply chain, which relies on some materials and parts from China.

When it comes to worker protections, Musk has been seeking to strike down the constitutional authority of the National Labor Relations Board through litigation. He may find such lawsuits are no longer needed if Trump is willing to eliminate or reduce the power of the agency, which is supposed to ensure that companies follow federal laws allowing workers to form unions and engage in collective bargaining with their employers.

How Chinese state media views the U.S. presidential election

Then there’s Musk’s involvement with sanctioned governments.

At SpaceX, Musk has withheld the use of Starlink, the company’s satellite internet service, over Taiwan, even for U.S. troops based there. The Wall Street Journal reported that Musk cut off access as a favor requested by Russian President Vladimir Putin allegedly on behalf of Chinese President Xi Jinping during a series of ongoing, frequent talks between the two men.

In response to the reports, NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said if they were true, Musk’s conversations with Putin should be be federally investigated.

According to analysis by NBC News, Musk has repeatedly posted pro-Kremlin content to his hundreds of millions of followers on X. He even engaged with content from Tenet Media and its creators at least 60 times on the social network. Tenet was at the center of an alleged Russian covert operation to manipulate U.S. public opinion ahead of the 2024 election, according to the Department of Justice

While Vice President-elect JD Vance recently called Putin a U.S. adversary, Trump has frequently spoken of his affection for the Russian president, even since Russia’s devastating invasion of Ukraine in 2022. Kremlin officials have celebrated Trump’s victory in this week’s election.

Musk, who publicly endorsed Trump moments after the first assassination attempt on the former president in July, has said he intends to remain involved in U.S. politics for the long haul.

He said in a discussion on X on Tuesday that his super PAC would continue its work after the presidential election and would seek to influence the outcomes of midterms, intermediate elections and elections of local prosecutors across the U.S.

A priority, Musk said, would be to help elect district attorneys “who prosecute repeat violent criminals who are obviously a danger to people.”

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Trump likely to uphold CHIPS Act despite his campaign rhetoric, experts say

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Trump likely to uphold CHIPS Act despite his campaign rhetoric, experts say

Illustration of the China and U.S. flag on a central processing unit.

Blackdovfx | Istock | Getty Images

President-elect Donald Trump is unlikely to roll back the Biden administration’s CHIPS and Science Act, despite his campaign rhetoric on the bill, experts say. 

The legislation, which provides incentives for chipmakers to set up manufacturing in the U.S., became a point of contention in the final month of the election cycle.

Trump criticized the bill and its price tag. House Speaker Mike Johnson, a Republican, then said that his party “probably will” try to repeal the law. Johnson later walked the statement back.

Still, the key Biden policy, which has massive implications for Asian chips makers like TSMC and Samsung, is likely safe in the near term, according to chip experts. 

Despite signaling he’s “not thrilled” about the bill, Trump is probably not going to roll it back, Paul Triolo, senior vice president for China and technology policy lead at Albright Stonebridge, told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Asia” on Thursday.

“There’s support for this kind of onshoring of advanced manufacturing,” he added. 

U.S.-China relations: 'No question' Trump will intensify tariffs, economist says

The Biden administration signed the bipartisan CHIPS and Science Act in August 2022, committing almost $53 billion to invest in domestic semiconductor manufacturing and research with the aim of boosting  U.S. competitiveness with China.

The former president made headlines in October by attacking the legislation as a “bad” deal during a three hour interview with popular podcaster Joe Rogan. 

“We put up billions of dollars for rich companies to come in and borrow the money and build chip companies here, and they’re not going to give us the good companies anyway,” he said, arguing instead that his proposal to increase tariffs would attract chip companies for free. 

The allocation of the CHIPS Act has been slow, with the lion’s share of the earmarked funds yet to be doled out.

So far, the bill has attracted Asian chip makers such as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company and Samsung to build U.S. facilities. The two companies have already been offered $6.6 billion and $6.4 billion, respectively. 

The largest CHIPS Act beneficiary has been the American chip maker Intel, which has been awarded $8.5 billion in funding.

While Trump may want to modify and change some of the priorities of the bill and its fund allocation, he’s expected to leave most of it intact.

The Trump administration will probably try to reinterpret the bill “so they can spread the money a little differently than Biden, but I don’t think they’re going to roll it back,” Adam Posen, president of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, told CNBC’s “Squawk Box Asia” on Thursday. 

Posen said that this would mirror what Biden had done by leaving Trump’s China tariffs in place when he took office, despite pivoting to a more industrial policy focused strategy. 

“But I do think there’ll be much more expansion on the tariff front, rather than industrial policy expanding,” he added. 

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