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The Syrian government has fallen after a lightning offensive by anti-regime forces across the country – ending President Bashar al Assad’s 24-year rule.

Mr Assad has left office and the country after giving orders for there to be a peaceful transfer of power, the Russian foreign ministry said in a statement on Sunday.

Russia was not involved in the talks surrounding his departure, the ministry said, but has been in touch with opposition groups – and urged all sides to refrain from violence.

The leader’s whereabouts now – and those of his wife Asma and their two children – remain unknown.

Footage circulating on social media as the news emerged showed families ransacking presidential palaces in Damascus, with some taking selfies in the grand settings.

Read more: Latest updates from Syria

FILE - Syrian President Bashar Assad looks on at his country's flag at the opening of the 16th ordinary session of Arab Summit in Tunis, May 22, 2004. (AP Photo/Amr Nabil, File)
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Bashar al Assad has left the capital Damascus, Russia says. Pic: AP/Amr Nabil

Tehran, another of Mr Assad’s allies, said it would continue to closely monitor developments in Syria and the region.

The fate of the country lies in the hands of the Syrian people and should be pursued without foreign imposition or destructive intervention, Iran’s foreign ministry said.

Syrian rebels, made up of various opposition groups, said they were working to transition power to a new governing body with full executive powers.

“The great Syrian revolution has moved from the stage of struggle to overthrow the Assad regime to the struggle to build a Syria together that befits the sacrifices of its people,” the coalition said in a statement, describing events as a new birth for “great Syria”.

Later, in a post on the social media platform X, it added it aimed to build strategic partnerships within the region and the world.

Syrian opposition fighters celebrate the collapse of the government in the capital Damascus. Pic: AP
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Syrian opposition fighters celebrate the collapse of the government in Damascus. Pic: AP

Rebels burn down a military court in the capital: Pic: AP
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Rebels burn down a military court in the capital: Pic: AP

People holding a Syrian opposition flag celebrate in Damascus. Pic: Reuters
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People holding a Syrian opposition flag in Damascus. Pic: Reuters

Syria’s prime minister, who remains in the country, said he was ready to co-operate and offered a peaceful transition.

“I am here in my home,” Mohammed Ghazi al Jalali said. “I have not left it and do not intend to leave, except in a peaceful manner that ensures the continued functioning of public institutions and state facilities, promoting security and reassurance for our fellow citizens.”

Read more:
How the rebel assault unfolded

Assad fall ‘not surprising’

Thousands celebrating in the streets

Thousands of Syrians, in cars and on foot, gathered in a main square in the capital Damascus chanting for freedom.

Saturday’s advances on the capital marked the first time the rebels have reached the outskirts of the city since 2018, when government forces recaptured the area after a years-long siege.

In the key city of Homs – which rebel fighters seized after just a day of fighting – thousands more filled the streets after the army withdrew, dancing and chanting “Assad is gone, Homs is free”, and “Long live Syria and down with Bashar al Assad”.

The rebels have also claimed Deir el Zor in the east, and Suweida, Quneitra and Deraa in the south.

Mr Assad and his forces had faced a battle on three fronts – Hayat Tahrir al Sham (HTS) from the north, the Southern Front, and a Kurdish group in the east.

HTS leader Abu Mohammed al Jolani, who led the insurgency, declared “the future is ours” in a statement read out on Syrian state TV.

He said there was “no room for turning back” and his group was “determined” to continue on the path it started in 2011.

Rebel leader Abu Mohammed al Golani. Pic: Syrian Rebel Operations via Reuters
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Rebel leader Abu Mohammed al Jolani. Pic: Syrian Rebel Operations via Reuters

Read more:
The power dynamics of this volatile region will utterly change
Who are the Syrian rebels – and what are their plans?

Footage circulating on social media showed families ransacking presidential palaces in Damascus and taking selfies in the grand settings.

Soldiers were reported to have deserted their posts and changed into civilian clothes as the rebels closed in.

Mohammed Amer al Oulabi, 44, was one of the many residents celebrating on the streets.

“From Idlib to Damascus, it only took them (the opposition forces) a few days, thank God. May God bless them, the heroic lions who made us proud,” he said.

Rebels announced a curfew starting from 4pm (1pm UK time) on Sunday until 5am on Monday.

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Inside Assad’s private residence

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Syrians inside presidential palace

The country’s international airport in Damascus was abandoned and rebels said they had entered the notorious Saydnaya military prison north of the capital and freed inmates.

Iran’s embassy was also stormed by Syrian rebels, Iran’s English-language Press TV reported.

In a sign of perhaps what was to come – protesters on Saturday brought down a statue of the president’s late father in a main square in a suburb a few miles from the centre of the capital.

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Damascus: Protesters topple statue

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Syrians react to Damascus being ‘freed’

Mr Assad had relied on his main allies, Russia and Iran, to counter insurgencies during his decades in power.

But with Russia now busy with its full-scale invasion of Ukraine and Iran’s proxies Hezbollah and Hamas embroiled in a conflict with Israel, Syria’s army was left exposed.

The fall of Mr Assad’s regime marks a turning point for Syria after 13 years of civil conflict.

Towns and cities have been reduced to rubble, hundreds of thousands of people have died, and millions have been forced abroad as refugees.

It’s a new dawn – but there are dark clouds on the horizon

It’s over.

Fifty-four years of brutal Assad dynasty rule has come to an end. The streets of Damascus have erupted in celebration, President Assad has fled the country and the capital has fallen.

What comes next is of great concern. Syria is deeply divided, geographically and socially. This is a moment of huge peril.

Once the euphoria cools there will be deep hatred and anger towards former Assad loyalists after decades of murderous rule. Containing that will be difficult.

Who will govern Syria is unknown. Multiple rebel groups control different parts of the country and, we assume, they will all want their slice of power. That is a recipe for further civil war unless this can be managed in an orderly way.

Syria’s prime minister, Mohammed Ghazi al Jalali, has remained in Damascus and offered a peaceful transition. How he is treated will be a good indicator.

Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), the main group that started this rebellion with the capture of Aleppo, was once affiliated with Al Qaeda. It has renounced those links but remain a proscribed terror organisation by the US and others.

Russia and Iran, Assad’s two main state sponsors, abandoned him when his fate seemed inevitable. It’s unlikely they will abandon Syria quite so quickly though. Moscow has key military bases on the Mediterranean coast which opens up a part of the world to them – giving these up would be a huge strategic blow.

To Iran, Syria was a centrepiece in its axis of resistance, the funnel through which weapons were channelled to Hezbollah and vital territory in its arc of influence. But Assad and Hezbollah have now both collapsed, and Iran’s network of Shia influence is in tatters.

It’s a new dawn for Syria, but there are dark clouds on the horizon.

Trump: Syria is ‘not our friend’

The White House said US President Joe Biden and his team were monitoring the “extraordinary events” in touch with regional partners.

Daniel Shapiro, from the US Department of Defense, said they would continue to maintain their presence in eastern Syria “solely to ensure the enduring defeat” of the Islamic State.

President-elect Donald Trump said the US should not get involved in the conflict.

“Syria is a mess,” he posted on his social media site Truth Social, adding the country is “not our friend”.

In a fresh post this morning, he added: “Assad is gone. He has fled his country. His protector, Russia, Russia, Russia, led by [Russian President] Vladimir Putin, was not interested in protecting him any longer.

“Russia and Iran are in a weakened state right now, one because of Ukraine and a bad economy, the other because of Israel and its fighting success.”

President Bashar al Assad and Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow in July 2024. Pic: AP
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Mr Assad and Mr Putin in Moscow in July 2024. Pic: AP

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu hailed the ousting of Mr Assad as a “historic day”.

On a visit to the area near the border with Syria, he said he had ordered Israeli forces to seize areas in the buffer zone, adding: “We will not allow any hostile force to establish itself on our border”.

The UN’s special envoy for Syria, Geir Pedersen, urged all Syrians to prioritise dialogue, unity, and respect for international humanitarian law and human rights as they seek to rebuild their society.

British Deputy Prime Minister Angela Rayner told Sky’s Sunday Morning with Trevor Phillips she “welcomed” news of Assad’s regime falling, adding: “He wasn’t exactly good to the Syrian people.”

Ms Rayner said: “We want to see a political resolution so that we can get that stability for Syrians and make sure that they have their infrastructure so that they have a political government there that is working in the interest of the Syrian people.”

Asked for her message to UK citizens in Syria, Ms Rayner said the foreign secretary was “very clear” that they should leave.

“We’ve had a plan to ensure that people were evacuated ahead of what’s happened over the weekend and we continue to support our UK nationals,” she added.

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China’s Xi believes in destiny – and it’s bad news for the West

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China's Xi believes in destiny - and it's bad news for the West

China put on a show of military strength and diplomatic pulling power in Beijing this week that should worry us all.

At the heart of it was one all-powerful man.

Xi Jinping is emerging as the emperor of a rising China bent on reshaping the world in its image.

He wears the garb of his communist forebears, but he is much more than just another heir to Chairman Mao.

Xi increasingly has more in common with China’s imperial past.

He has disposed of rivals and term-limit rules, making him potentially ruler for life.

Xi believes it is China’s destiny to return to its rightful place as the centre of the world. A new world order dominated by China is approaching he believes, hastened by the Trump administration’s willingness to dismantle the current Pax Americana and western disarray over Ukraine.

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The Chinese weapons that will worry America

China has a right to assert itself more robustly on the world stage, of course, but it’s the manner of that assertion and the risks of collision with the West that should give cause for concern.

Xi has ruthlessly crushed dissent at home with quasi genocidal repression in Xinjiang, a cultural holocaust in Tibet and brutal suppression of human rights in Hong Kong.

Next in his sights is Taiwan. It is claimed by the Chinese communists as part of their One China project.

That opens up one fault line between Xi’s rising China and Western nations.

China’s more and more open support of Putin’s war in Ukraine is of course another.

Western impotence and failure to bring enough pressure on Russia to end the conflict has allowed it to metastasize into a much bigger one.

Read more from Sky News:
Xi presents his vision of the future
Who is Kim Jong Un’s sister Kim Yo Jong

The three autocrat amigos in Beijing on Wednesday. Pic: Reuters
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The three autocrat amigos in Beijing on Wednesday. Pic: Reuters

On one side in the East, authoritarian governments lining up to support Russia. And on the other, democratic countries supporting Ukraine.

This week’s jamboree of autocrats in Beijing seems to have tipped things more in their favour. Good news for regimes using Orwellian surveillance, censorship, and repression to control their people and keep a grip on power.

Bad news for the rest of us who prefer a future organised around democracy, freedom, and the rule of law.

Dictators rejoice. Democrats beware.

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‘At night we don’t sleep’: How a West Bank family are facing harassment by young Israeli settlers

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'At night we don't sleep': How a West Bank family are facing harassment by young Israeli settlers

The further we go, the rougher the terrain becomes, jolting the car as we drive along a mountain track strewn with rocks.

And then we round a corner and there is a sleeping dog, a circle of chairs and two women smiling and beckoning us to follow them.

This is Fatima and her mother-in-law, Fadda. They live in a makeshift camp perched on a rocky ledge.

Fatima (left) and Fadda say they are afraid their homes could be set alight
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Fatima (left) and Fadda say they are afraid their homes could be set alight

Behind their tent is a cave, in which there are chickens and a bed. In front of it is the path where we now stand, and then a precipice that looks down upon a ravine.

They invite us into a tent to talk. Sweet tea is brought out, and so is the story of how their home was demolished, their car stolen, their peace destroyed and why they now have to hide their flock of sheep.

But before all that, Fatima takes us out and points at a ridge behind their camp.

We can see a small black structure, just visible against the dark rock. “That is where they are,” she says. “The settlers come down from there.”

The family say settlers are constantly coming to their camp home to harass them
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The family say settlers are constantly coming to their camp home to harass them

Every day, people come down to her home. Unwelcome visitors.

“We’d be baking bread, and they would come, lay out their mattresses and just sit there. When we told them to leave, they’d return with more settlers and an armed soldier.”

And the soldier, always, would be on the side of the settlers.

“At night we don’t sleep,” says Fadda, smiling through the pain.

“We stay awake waiting for the settlers. Four or five of them come in their cars each night, sometimes on motorcycles, right up to our doorstep to terrify the children.

“We sit through the night, afraid they’ll set fire to our homes and belongings, trying to force us to flee with our kids.”

We see videos, shared widely on social media, of Fadda confronting a young settler who has come to menace the family.

Fadda confronted a young settler in a video shared on social media
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Fadda confronted a young settler in a video shared on social media

He stands right in front of her, staring her straight in the eyes, trying to push her forward. Fadda responds by standing her ground, smiling gently at him.

“This happens every single day,” says Fatima. “If we didn’t stand up for ourselves, we would have left long ago. The problem is, they’re children.

“They send the kids down on purpose to provoke us, to push us off our land. That’s why we’ve had to build this resilience.”

Fadda says the settlers come 'right up to our doorstep to terrify the children'
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Fadda says the settlers come ‘right up to our doorstep to terrify the children’

Their tale of suffering is desperate. They tell me the family used to live in a house, which was demolished by the Israel military.

An hour later we drive past its remains – a huge pile of twisted metal and rubble. Their car has been taken so they have to walk to distant shops under the baking sun.

Mobile phones have been stolen along with computers and animals. Their flock of sheep is now kept in another place, hidden from sight.

‘This is our land’

“The situation has become really bad,” says Fatima. “Not just for us, but for the whole West Bank.”

And yet the family is determined to stay. “This is our land,” say both women, almost in unison. The brutal truth is also that they have nowhere else to go.

The West Bank is dotted with Israeli settlements, from top to bottom, some large and long-established, with thousands of residents and a sprawling infrastructure; some small and very new, with just a few caravans parked on a hilltop.

All of them are based on the idea of extending the reach of the Israeli state by placing its people all over the West Bank, or at least turning a blind eye to them moving there.

The fact that these settlements are, by widespread consent, illegal under international law has not stopped them from proliferating. Quite the opposite.

Not only are they growing in number and size, but the Israeli government is lending them ever more support and legitimacy.

Read more:
Inside the conflict forcing Palestinians from their homes
West Bank: The city locked down by armed troops

Bezalel Smotrich wants Israel to annex more than 82% of the West Bank. Pic: Reuters
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Bezalel Smotrich wants Israel to annex more than 82% of the West Bank. Pic: Reuters

Now, the far-right finance minister, Bezalel Smotrich, has declared that it’s time for Israel to annex more than 82% of the West Bank.

His logic can be summed up like this: we’re not safe with neighbours like this, and according to the Bible, it should be our land anyway.

Not everyone will agree, and perhaps most outside Israel will strongly disagree, but Smotrich is, as always, unapologetic and unabashed.

“Beyond our Biblical, historical and moral right to the entire land of Israel, the political and security role of sovereignty is to ensure that a Palestinian Arab terror state is never established in our land,” he said.

“Enemies should be fought, not provided with comfortable lives.”

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The West Bank has, for decades, been a crucible for ever-growing mistrust and dislike. It has seen waves of terrible violence and chronic divisions.

There is no sign of things improving, but plenty of suggestions that they are getting worse.

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‘Miss Palestine’ Nadeen Ayoub to compete in global pageant to show ‘we are human beings’

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'Miss Palestine' Nadeen Ayoub to compete in global pageant to show 'we are human beings'

A woman who will appear as Miss Palestine in a global beauty pageant has said she wants to represent her culture and “show the world that we are human beings”.

Nadeen Ayoub told Sky News she wants to “speak up about Palestine and to carry the voices of those that are unheard”.

Speaking on The World With Yalda Hakim, she said she became Miss Palestine in 2022 and will now head to Thailand in November to compete against dozens of others at Miss Universe.

“I don’t want people to be thinking when they hear the word Palestine, to just be thinking of suffering and pain,” said Ms Ayoub.

“So just like we hear the word ‘Italy’ and we think of beautiful things, like the Amalfi Coast and pizza and pasta.

“When we think of other nations, we think of their heritage and their culture and their identity, and we see them as human beings.

“I want the same thing for Palestine to show the world that we are human beings, and that is simply my message.”

Ms Ayoub was partly raised in the US and Canada and now reportedly splits her time between Dubai, Ramallah, and Amman.

She was supposed to compete in Miss Universe following success as Miss Palestine at another pageant in 2022.

However, she told Sky News she delayed her entry until now after the Hamas attack on Israel sparked the Gaza war.

The 27-year-old has been criticised by some for calling the dire situation there a “genocide” during an interview last month. Israel denies all accusations of genocide.

Among her critics is the runner-up in the Miss Israel contest, who questioned Ms Ayoub’s inclusion in November’s pageant and urged her to speak out against Hamas.

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Read more from Sky News:
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“Miss Universe stands for unity, peace and co-existence – and if she stands for all of those things then let’s have it,” Adela Cojab Moadeb told the NY Post.

“I would welcome an advocate who stands against extremism and stands for the right of all people to exist.”

Ms Ayoub declined to comment in her Sky News interview, stressing her message is to “show the world that we Palestinians have an identity of creativity, of talents, of heritage, of culture”.

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