Think twice before sending your next text message. Or better yet, make sure you are using an end-to-end encryption method.
Consumers regularly use different types of messaging technology from the biggest technology companies including Apple, Alphabet and Meta Platforms, including iMessage, Google Messages, WhatsApp and SMS, but the level of protection varies. Now, the U.S. government is expressing greater concern after a recent massive hack of the nation’s largest telecom companies.
Last month, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation revealed a campaign by hackers associated with China, Salt Typhoon, that compromised AT&T and Verizon, and others, and was one of the largest hacks of U.S. infrastructure in history. Following that warning, CISA, the National Security Agency, the FBI and international partners published a joint guide to help protect Americans. One suggestion is to use end-to-end encryption, a method that makes communications more secure.
End-to-end encryption helps ensure that only the intended recipients can read your messages as they travel between your phone and another person’s phone. Secure messaging apps use end-to-end encryption to protect communications from hackers, surveillance and unauthorized access, so even messaging app providers can’t read your messages.
“All things being equal, if you have the opportunity to use a platform that’s end-to-end encrypted, you should,” said Michael Hughes, chief business officer of Duality Technologies, which allows organizations to share and analyze sensitive data using encryption.
Many consumers don’t know their options for communicating securely over messaging apps. Here are the basics.
WhatsApp, Signal among best end-to-end options
Consumers use different messaging apps for various purposes, often without giving a second thought to security. However, there are notable differences among platforms that people need to be aware of.
From a security perspective, free messaging apps like Meta’s WhatsApp and Signal — whose co-founder was one of the creators of WhatsApp — are considered the best because end-to-end encryption is built in. That makes these apps highly preferable to SMS and MMS, two older methods of messaging that don’t offer end-to-end encryption, said Trevor Horwitz, founder of TrustNet, a cybersecurity and compliance services provider.
Even platforms considered the best for end-to-end encryption have downsides. Signal is a favorite among many privacy enthusiasts because its mission emphasizes not collecting or storing sensitive information. This can be especially compelling for people who are wary of WhatsApp’s parent Facebook and its privacy practices. The downside to Signal is it’s not as widely used as WhatsApp and if your contacts aren’t on it, you can’t communicate, said Roger Grimes, an analyst at KnowBe4, a security platform provider.
There are also paid messaging apps that are end-to-end encrypted, such as Threema. It’s privacy by design and no phone number or email address is required, but it costs a few dollars, and getting your friends and family to join when there are free options that are already popular might be a challenge.
Most people will use encryption “if it’s default and they don’t have the slightest inconvenience,” Grimes said.
RCS and iMessage
Many messaging platforms now use RCS, which stands for Rich Communication Services. It’s a successor to SMS and MMS that has enhanced features and also offers the ability for end-to-end encryption, though not by default on all devices. For example, RCS messages using Google Messages are automatically upgraded to end-to-end encryption, but Apple’s implementation of RCS on iPhones is not end-to-end encrypted, Horwitz said.
For any Apple device user, the company’s proprietary iMessage app is end-to-end encrypted, but for users sending RCS messages through other text plans, such as a mobile carrier text option, end-to-end encryption isn’t offered. As Apple explains itself of sending messages through non-iMessage RCS options: “They’re not protected from a third-party reading them while they’re sent between devices.”
Additionally, not all devices are compatible with RCS and it’s not universally supported by carriers. Plus, there are compatibility issues between some iPhone and Android devices that are still being worked out, Horwitz said.
Facebook Messenger gaps in encryption
It’s even more complicated because technology companies have multiple messaging products and not every application from a particular provider supports end-to-end encryption in the same way. For example, Facebook Messenger offers end-to-end encrypted messages, but not in all cases. According to Facebook, some products don’t currently support end-to-end encryption, such as community chats for Facebook groups, chats with businesses or accounts using business messaging tools, Marketplace chats and others.
Consumers should try to dig deeper into the apps they are using to understand how end-to-end encryption works for a particular app, said Deirdre Connolly, cryptography standardization research engineer at SandboxAQ, an AI applications developer. This information is often available in the support or privacy section of a provider’s website. But even then, it can be hard to find and decipher. “You have to go into the fine print,” Connolly said.
Google vs. Apple
Google Messages is the default messaging app on many devices running the Android operating system and many people use it to communicate, but consumers need to understand that not all messages sent or received using the app are end-to-end encrypted. The app supports end-to-end encryption when messaging other users using Google Messages over RCS, according to the company. But messages aren’t end-to-end encrypted when communicating with an iPhone user, for example. Text messages appear dark blue in the RCS state and light blue in the SMS/MMS state. Users will also see a lock symbol when end-to-end encryption is active in a conversation.
In Apple’s case, communications between two iMessage users are end-to-end encrypted, but iMessage is an Apple-specific platform. That means, at present, communications between iMessage users and Android device users aren’t end-to-end encrypted. A green message bubble instead of a blue one indicates the message was sent using MMS/SMS instead of iMessage.
In fact, a Department of Justice antitrust case against Apple harps on the failure to offer end-to-end encryption outside its iOS messaging app as a monopoly concern.
Protocols are being developed to allow end-to-end encryption between different communication platforms using RCS, but that’s still a work in progress. “Work with key industry stakeholders is progressing well and we look forward to updating the market in the coming months,” said a spokesperson for GSMA, an industry organization spearheading this effort.
Phone settings and ongoing risk of hacks
One thing people should do is check the settings on their phones. Many consumers have older phones and those who don’t have auto updates enabled may miss critical security updates, which could include messaging apps that allow for end-for-end encryption, said Chris Henderson, senior director of threat operations at Huntress, a cybersecurity company. Also, with a new phone, settings on transferred apps might not migrate. If you have enabled end-to-end encryption for apps on your prior phone, it’s also a good idea to check that the settings are enabled on the new phone as well, Henderson said.
End-to-end encryption is not foolproof because hackers can intercept users’ communications in other ways, such as if the device itself is compromised, Horwitz said. For security purposes, it’s also important to keep your devices healthy by installing all software updates, avoiding sketchy downloads, and performing periodic reboots.
Even so, using end-to-end encryption is a good practice, when available. “Threat actors go where the masses go,” said Kory Daniels, global CISO for Trustwave, a cybersecurity and managed security services provider. “If the masses are still using unencrypted communication methods, [bad actors] will continue to exploit the opportunity until users begin to evolve their digital behaviors.”
A worsening macroeconomic climate and the collapse of industry giants such as FTX and Terra have weighed on bitcoin’s price this year.
STR | Nurphoto via Getty Images
The crypto market tumbled to begin the week as heightened macro concerns triggered more than $500 million in forced selling of long positions.
The price of bitcoin was last lower by 2% at $115,255.70, after touching a new all-time high last week – its fourth one this year – at $124,496. At one point, it fell as low as $114,706. Ether slid 4% to $4,283.15 after coming within spitting distance of its roughly $4,800 record last week. Both coins rolled over after higher-than-expected July wholesale inflation data raised questions over a Federal Reserve rate cut in September.
Investors’ profit-taking triggered a wave of liquidations across the crypto market.
In the past 24 hours, sales from 131,455 traders totaled $552.58 million, according to Coin Metrics. That figure includes about $123 million in long bitcoin liquidations and $178 million in long ether liquidations. This happens when traders are forced to sell their assets at market price to settle their debts, pushing prices lower.
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Bitcoin briefly dropped below $115,000 after reaching nearly $125,000 last week
Adding to investor disappointment were comments from Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent, who clarified Thursday that the strategic bitcoin reserve President Donald Trump established back in March will be confined to bitcoin forfeited to the federal government, as it explores “budget-neutral pathways to acquire more bitcoin.”
The top cryptocurrencies by market cap fell with the blue-chip coins, with the CoinDesk 20 index, a measure of the broader crypto market, down 3.7%. Crypto related stocks were under pressure premarket, led by ether treasury stocks. Bitmine Immersion was down 6% and SharpLink Gaming fell 3%. Crypto exchange Bullish, which made its public trading debut last week, was also lower by 3%.
This week, investors are keeping an eye on the Fed’s annual economic symposium in Jackson Hole, Wyoming for clues around what could happen at the central bank’s remaining policy meetings this year. Crypto traders also will be watching Thursday’s jobless claims data.
Last week’s test of bitcoin and ether highs surprised traders who expected an August pullback for cryptocurrencies, expecting macro concerns to steal focus from recent momentum around crypto’s institutional and corporate adoption – especially in what has historically proven a weak trading month for many markets – until the September Fed meeting.
Many see pullbacks this month as healthy and strategic cooldowns rather than reactions to crisis, thanks largely to support from crypto ETFs as well as companies focused on aggressively accumulating bitcoin and ether. Although ETFs tracking the price of bitcoin and ether posted net outflows on Friday, they logged net inflows of $547 million and $2.9 billion, respectively, for the week. For ETH funds it was a record week of inflows as well as their 14th consecutive week of inflows.
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OpenAI CEO Sam Altman thinks the artificial intelligence market is in a bubble, according to a report from The Verge published Friday.
“When bubbles happen, smart people get overexcited about a kernel of truth,” Altman told a small group of reporters last week.
“Are we in a phase where investors as a whole are overexcited about AI? My opinion is yes. Is AI the most important thing to happen in a very long time? My opinion is also yes,” he was quoted as saying.
Altman appeared to compare this dynamic to the infamous dot-com bubble, a stock market crash centered on internet-based companies that led to massive investor enthusiasm during the late 1990s. Between March 2000 and October 2002, the Nasdaq lost nearly 80% of its value after many of these companies failed to generate revenue or profits.
His comments add to growing concern among experts and analysts that investment in AI is moving too fast. Alibaba co-founder Joe Tsai, Bridgewater Associates’ Ray Dalio and Apollo Global Management chief economist Torsten Slok have all raised similar warnings.
Last month, Slok stated in a report that he believed the AI bubble of today was, in fact, bigger than the internet bubble, with the top 10 companies in the S&P 500 more overvalued than they were in the 1990s.
In an email to CNBC on Monday, Ray Wang, CEO of Silicon Valley-based Constellation Research, told CNBC that he thought Altman’s comments carry some validity, but that the risks are company-dependent.
“From the perspective of broader investment in AI and semiconductors… I don’t see it as a bubble. The fundamentals across the supply chain remain strong, and the long-term trajectory of the AI trend supports continued investment,” he said.
However, he added that there is an increasing amount of speculative capital chasing companies with weaker fundamentals and only perceived potential, which could create pockets of overvaluation.
Many Fears of an AI bubble had hit a fever pitch at the start of this year when Chinese start-up DeepSeek released a competitive reasoning model. The company claimed one version of its advanced large language models had been trained for under $6 million, a fraction of the billions being spent by U.S. AI market leaders like OpenAI, though these claims were also been met with some skepticism.
Earlier this month, Altman told CNBC that OpenAI’s annual recurring revenue is on track to pass $20 billion this year, but that despite that, it remains unprofitable.
The release of OpenAI’s latest GPT-5 AI model earlier this month had also been rocky, with some critics complaining that it had a less intuitive feel. This resulted in the company restoring access to legacy GPT-4 models for paying customers.
Following the release of the model, Altman has also signaled more caution about some of the AI industry’s more bullish predictions.
Speaking to CNBC, he said that he thought the term artificial general intelligence, or “AGI,” is losing relevance, when asked whether the GPT-5 model moves the world any closer to achieving AGI.
AGI refers to the concept of a form of artificial intelligence that can perform any intellectual task that a human can — something that OpenAI has been working towards for years and that Altman previously said could be achieved in the “reasonably close-ish future.“
Regardless, faith in OpenAI from investors has remained strong this year. CNBC confirmed Friday that the company was preparing to sell around $6 billion in stock as part of a secondary sale that would value it at roughly $500 billion.
In March, it had announced a $40 billion funding round at a $300 billion valuation, by far the largest amount ever raised by a private tech company.
In The Verge article on Friday, the OpenAI CEO also discussed OpenAI’s expansion into consumer hardware, brain-computer interfaces and social media.
Altman also said that he expects OpenAI to spend trillions of dollars on its data center buildout in the “not very distant future,” and signaled that the company would be interested in buying Chrome if the U.S. government were to force Google to sell it.
Asked if he would be CEO of OpenAI in a few years, he was quoted as saying, “I mean, maybe an AI is in three years. That’s a long time.”
Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang, right, speaks alongside President Donald Trump about investing in America, at the White House in Washington, on April 30, 2025.
The letter — signed by Senators Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y.; Mark Warner, D-Va.; Jack Reed, D-R.I.; Jeanne Shaheen, D-N.H.; Christopher Coons, D-Del.; and Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass. — was in response to an Aug. 11 announcement by Trump that Nvidia and AMD would pay the U.S. government a 15% cut of revenue from chip sales to China in exchange for export licenses.
“Our national security and military readiness relies upon American innovators inventing and producing the best technology in the world, and in maintaining that qualitative advantage in sensitive domains. The United States has historically been successful in maintaining and building that advantage because of, in part, our ability to deny adversaries access to those technologies,” the letter states.
“The willingness displayed in this arrangement to ‘negotiate’ away America’s competitive edge that is key to our national security in exchange for what is, in effect, a commission on a sale of AI-enabling technology to our main global competitor, is cause for serious alarm,” the letter continues.
Senators also warned that selling advanced AI chips — specifically Nvidia’s H20 and AMD’s MI308 chips — to China could help strengthen its military systems, a claim that Nvidia denies.
In a statement to CNBC, a Nvidia spokesperson said: “The H20 would not enhance anyone’s military capabilities, but would have helped America attract the support of developers worldwide and win the AI race. Banning the H20 cost American taxpayers billions of dollars, without any benefit.”
The letter from Senate Democrats also requests a detailed response from the administration by Friday, Aug. 22, regarding the current deal involving Nvidia and AMD, as well as any similar arrangements being made with other companies.
“We again urge your administration to quickly reverse course and abandon this reckless plan to trade away U.S. technology leadership,” the letter states.
A request for comment from the White House and AMD was not immediately returned.
Despite Trump allowing chip sales to resume, it has already become clear that China isn’t welcoming Nvidia back with open arms, instead urging tech companies to avoid buying U.S. companies’ chips, according to a Bloomberg report.
“We’re hearing that this is a hard mandate, and that [authorities are actually] stopping additional orders of H20s for some companies,” Qingyuan Lin, a senior analyst covering China semiconductors at Bernstein, told CNBC.
In a separate report, The Information said regulators in China have ordered major tech companies, including ByteDance, Alibaba, and Tencent, to suspend Nvidia chip purchases until a national security review is complete.
— CNBC’s Kristina Partsinevelos contributed to this report