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An amber warning for snow and ice, with the risk of freezing rain, covers most of Wales and central England until midday on Sunday.

Freezing rain, which makes up what are commonly known as ice storms in North America, is a rarity in the UK because the conditions for it are quite specific, according to the Met Office.

But what is it and how is it different to snow?

Freezing rain is rainfall that has become “supercooled” as it falls from the sky.

Up to 30cm of snow expected in parts of UK – follow live

It starts when snow, ice, sleet or hail high up in the atmosphere melts into rain when it falls through the layers of warmer air below.

If the rain then passes through a sub-zero layer of air just above the ground, it can remain liquid and instead become “supercooled”. This is the key to freezing rain.

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Supercooled water will freeze on impact – forming a clear layer of ice on cold surfaces such as trees, roads and power lines.

Why is it dangerous?

It’s once it hits the surface and turns to ice that it can pose a real threat.

The ice is very clear, often referred to as black ice, because it is so difficult to see, making it treacherous for pedestrians and drivers.

Freezing rain settled on a car. Pic: iStock
Image:
Freezing rain on a car. Pic: iStock

Sky News meteorologist Kirsty McCabe explains: “The supercooled rain hits the ground and freezes instantly on impact, and that creates a thin layer of ice, also known as glaze, and it’s clear, so you can’t see the ice, which makes it really treacherous.”

If it hits power lines or tree branches, depending on how much rain there has been, the weight of the ice can cause them to break off because they can’t support the weight.

It can also make it difficult to open your car door if there is enough of it.

Get the five-day forecast where you are

Where is it expected to fall?

From 6pm on Saturday to midday on Sunday an amber warning for snow and ice, with the risk of freezing rain, covers most of Wales and central England, including the Midlands and Liverpool and Manchester in the North West.

But McCabe says it’s Wales where people should be particularly wary of freezing rain.

What precautions should people take?

The best thing people can do is take extra care when travelling. As it is so hard to see, it’s difficult to judge just how icy road surfaces are.

The RAC says freezing rain is arguably the most treacherous of all conditions for motorists.

They urge people not to drive unless necessary, but say those who do need to should check they have plenty of fuel and oil and check their tyre treads.

They also encourage drivers to make sure their lights are working and check they have screenwash.

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How people are coping with the floods: Carpets, furniture and food destroyed as homes deluged under feet of water

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How people are coping with the floods: Carpets, furniture and food destroyed as homes deluged under feet of water

People whose homes have been destroyed by the floods sweeping across parts of the UK over the past couple of days have been telling Sky News how they coped with the deluge.

In Lincolnshire, where a major incident has been declared, Terry, from Grantham, showed a Sky crew the aftermath of the deluge in his home, which was left under two feet of water.

“Everything’s gone,” he said, adding that he was “devastated”.

The first sign of trouble came at lunchtime on Monday, when his wife woke him and said there was water coming in [to the house], and “within a few minutes, the whole house was flooded”.

Terry told us he's 'devastated'
Image:
Terry told us he’s ‘devastated’

Pic: AP
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Flooding in Loughborough. Pic: AP

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They rushed their belongings and pets upstairs, he said, as he revealed the damage to the flooded living room and kitchen, where the water mark was above a power socket.

Terry said the kitchen, where the floor was covered in sludge, smelled of mud and sewage, and their furniture and carpets were wrecked.

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Flood waters in Loughborough, Leicestershire. Pic: PA
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Flood waters in Loughborough, Leicestershire. Pic: PA

They have no electricity and the food in the cupboards and freezer was “completely ruined”.

Graham Johnson, who lives in a boat with his wife and dog, in the village of Barrow upon Soar in Leicestershire, was in the pub on Monday night, before the water started to rise “rapidly”.

People living in a local caravan park were moved as a severe flood warning was issued.

Graham Johnson, from Barrow upon Soar in Leicestershire, feared he would lose his boat home
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Graham Johnson, from Barrow upon Soar in Leicestershire, feared he would lose his boat home

PABest A man is rescued from the flooding at a caravan park near Barrow upon Soar, Leicestershire. Weather warnings for snow and ice are in force across much of the UK after severe flooding and snow caused travel disruption and school closures. Across England, there are also 198 flood warnings, meaning flooding is expected, and 300 flood alerts, meaning flooding is possible. Picture date: Tuesday January 7, 2025.
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A man is rescued from the flooding at a caravan park near Barrow upon Soar, Leicestershire. Pic: PA

Mr Johnson said he had gone out “for a couple of pints as usual and, the next thing we know, bingo”.

The couple feared their boat home was about to be swept towards the bridge.

“That’s our pride and joy, where we live, and we didn’t want to lose it,” he said, as he praised the “fantastic” emergency services, who rescued them and their dog after a nervy three-hour wait.

They were two of the 59 people rescued by firefighters in the county, where a major incident was declared and crews were called out to 160 flood-related incidents, the Fire Brigades Union (FBU) said.

Another Leicestershire resident whose home was inundated was Qasim Abdullah from Loughborough.

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Flooding across East Midlands

Pictures taken by the Associated Press show him walking through almost knee-deep water in his living room.

In nearby Quorn, businesses have shut as the main high street has flooded for the second time in as many years.

Two of the pubs in particular have been damaged.

Last year, residents had to launch a crowd fundraiser to help pay for the costs of renovation. Not to mention soaring insurance premiums.

Indy Burmi, who owns a hair salon and restaurant, hasn’t suffered flooding, but said he’s had to close up and cancel all Tuesday’s reservations, as his clients simply can’t get into the village.

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And, with more rain forecast, conditions could get even worse in the short term, while residents worry that an annual battle with rising water is now the new normal.

Elsewhere in the UK, the next danger is from ice forming on untreated surfaces after rain on Tuesday evening, the Met Office has said, as it issued a new warning for northern England and Wales from 5pm until midday on Wednesday.

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Boy, 14, stabbed to death on bus in Woolwich, southeast London

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Boy, 14, stabbed to death on bus in Woolwich, southeast London

A 14-year-old boy has been stabbed to death on a bus in Woolwich, in southeast London.

Police were called around 2.30pm to reports of a stabbing on a bus on Woolwich Church Road near the junction with the A205 South Circular Road.

A boy who police said had received stab wounds was treated by paramedics, but he died at the scene shortly after they arrived.

Officers have launched an investigation into the incident.

No arrests have been made so far but police are appealing for witnesses of the incident on the 472 bus.

Read more from Sky News:
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A cordon and road closures were in place as of shortly before 5pm.

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Liverpool hospital declares critical incident over ‘exceptionally high’ demand on A&E amid rising flu cases

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Liverpool hospital declares critical incident over 'exceptionally high' demand on A&E amid rising flu cases

The Royal Liverpool University Hospital has declared a critical incident due to “exceptionally high” demand on A&E and patients being admitted to wards.

The hospital said there had been a spike in people with flu and respiratory illnesses going to emergency departments in recent weeks.

The number of people in England’s hospital with flu quadrupled in the last month, according to NHS data.

A spokesperson for the hospital said it had a “comprehensive plan in place” and was “taking all the necessary actions to manage the challenging circumstances”.

“We are working with partner organisations to ensure those that are medically fit can leave hospital safely and at the earliest opportunity,” they added.

The hospital warned some people would experience delays as it prioritises the sickest patients.

People whose case isn’t an emergency are being asked to see their GP, pharmacy or walk-in centre – or call the 111 service for advice.

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The Royal Liverpool University Hospital is in the city centre and is the biggest hospital in Merseyside and Cheshire.

Declaring a critical incident can happen when a hospital is experiencing exceptional demand, or sometimes if there is a serious problem with staffing levels.

It indicates it can’t function as normal and allows it to take extra measures to protect patients, such as prioritising the most unwell people and getting support from other agencies.

It could last hours, a few days, or weeks if necessary.

A critical incident was also declared on Friday by the NHS Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Integrated Care Board.

It said it had seen almost four times as many inpatients compared with last year and urged people with flu to avoid going to A&E.

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There have been warnings this winter of a so-called “quad-demic”– with flu, vomiting bug norovirus, COVID and RSV circulating at the same time.

The NHS provides vaccinations against three of the four; flu, COVID-19 and RSV (a common cause of chest infection in babies).

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