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The melting of Antarctic ice sheets could be leading to more intense volcanic eruptions, with significant implications for Earth’s geological systems. As ice sheets reduce in size, the massive weight they exert on the Earth’s crust diminishes, a process that impacts magma chambers beneath the surface. This pressure alteration may result in increased volcanic activity, particularly in regions like the West Antarctic Rift System, where over 100 volcanic centers are located.

Volcanic Activity Linked to Ice Loss

According to a study published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, the melting of ice sheets triggers a process known as isostatic rebound, which reduces the pressure on subsurface magma chambers. Researchers, including Allie Coonin, Ph.D. candidate at Brown University, modeled these changes over the past 150,000 years. The findings reveal that this pressure reduction not only accelerates magma chamber expansion but also hastens volatile expulsion, a critical step preceding eruptions.

Global Comparisons Confirm the Phenomenon

As reported by phys.org, evidence supporting this link was found in volcanic deposits from the Andes mountains in South America. Researchers identified a correlation between the melting Patagonian ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum and heightened activity in volcanoes such as Calbuco and Puyehue-Cordon Caulle. This suggests that similar mechanisms are at play in multiple regions globally.

Feedback Loops Pose Long-Term Risks

The interaction between melting ice and volcanic eruptions may create a feedback loop. Eruptions induced by ice loss can, in turn, accelerate melting, amplifying both processes. Scientists caution that even if anthropogenic climate change were halted immediately, the current effects of ice mass loss in regions like Antarctica would influence volcanic activity for thousands of years.

Understanding these connections is crucial for predicting future geological and environmental impacts. The study highlights the complex interplay between Earth’s ice sheets and its volcanic systems, underscoring the far-reaching consequences of climate-driven changes.

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Hubble Reveals Stunning Photomosaic of Andromeda Galaxy’s History

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Hubble Reveals Stunning Photomosaic of Andromeda Galaxy's History

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has captured an extraordinary mosaic image of the Andromeda galaxy, also known as Messier 31, offering unprecedented detail into its structure and history. The photomosaic, the largest of its kind, spans a width equivalent to six times the apparent diameter of the Moon. The galaxy, located 2.5 million light-years from Earth, is tilted nearly edge-on and appears as a vast oval. The intricate image reveals over 200 million stars, colourful regions and dark, filamentary clouds wrapping the galaxy’s disk.

According to the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT)

The northern half of the galaxy was mapped over a decade through ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths. Published in The Astrophysical Journal, the subsequent Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Southern Treasury (PHAST) expanded this work to the southern half. Led by Zhuo Chen of the University of Washington, this research focused on structural differences and the galaxy’s merger history, adding observations of approximately 100 million stars.

A Unique Evolutionary Path

Reports indicate that Andromeda’s history is markedly different from the Milky Way’s, despite both galaxies forming around the same time. As reported in an official press release by NASA, Ben Williams, principal investigator at the University of Washington, stated that Andromeda’s active history includes mergers with smaller galaxies, resulting in young star clusters and coherent streams of stars. The compact satellite galaxy Messier 32 is considered a remnant of past interactions.

Future Implications

The data from these observations are expected to inform future studies by NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Daniel Weisz from the University of California, Berkeley, noted Andromeda’s transition from a star-forming spiral galaxy to a system with a dominant bulge of older stars. Hubble’s findings will continue to shape our understanding of galactic evolution for decades to come, reports suggest.

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Scientists find quantum entanglement inside protons, a major breakthrough

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Scientists find quantum entanglement inside protons, a major breakthrough

A recent discovery has been made in the field of quantum physics, where scientists have identified quantum entanglement within the fundamental building blocks of protons. This finding demonstrates that quarks and gluons, which form protons, can exist in a quantumly connected state, sharing information even at incredibly small scales. The observation sheds new light on the intricate nature of subatomic particles and their interactions, fundamentally altering long-held perceptions about protons.

According to a study published in Reports on Progress in Physics, researchers used advanced data analysis from the Large Hadron Collider and the Hadron-Electron Ring Accelerator to uncover this phenomenon. Evidence of entanglement between quarks and gluons was detected over distances as small as one quadrillionth of a meter, with particles sharing maximum information possible within the proton. Zhoudunming Tu, physicist at Brookhaven National Laboratory, explained to Live Science that this discovery challenges the traditional understanding of protons as static collections of quarks and gluons.

Entropy measurements confirm entanglement

The investigation utilised principles from quantum information science, specifically entropy measurements. Entropy, which reflects a system’s possible energy states, was observed to increase due to entanglement. This correlation provided direct evidence of the entangled state, according to Tu. He stated to Live Science that the study’s findings align strongly with theoretical predictions, marking a significant step in understanding the dynamic properties of protons.

Implications for future research

The discovery raises new questions about the role of quantum entanglement in atomic nuclei. Researchers plan to explore this further using the Electron-Ion Collider, which is expected to begin operations within the next decade. In the interim, alternative experimental methods, such as ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions, may provide additional insights. As the study progresses, these findings are anticipated to deepen the understanding of fundamental particles and their behaviours, paving the way for future advancements in quantum physics.

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New Soil Carbon Measurement Method Could Boost Trust in Carbon Credit Markets

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New Soil Carbon Measurement Method Could Boost Trust in Carbon Credit Markets

Direct soil carbon measurement techniques are being explored as a method to improve accuracy in carbon credit markets, especially in agriculture. Measuring stored soil carbon rather than relying on predictive models can provide solid data on the effectiveness of climate-smart agricultural practices. It is believed that this method will enhance the reliability of carbon credits, offering greater confidence to buyers and better supporting global climate goals. Soil carbon measurement is also being recognised as a tool to boost soil health and agricultural sustainability.

Reliable Verification of Soil Carbon Changes

According to a study published in Environmental Research Letters, using direct soil carbon measurement methods alongside epidemiology-based study designs could address the challenges of verifying carbon storage. By sampling approximately 10 percent of fields across large areas, the research team demonstrated that carbon storage could be accurately measured over extended periods. These findings indicate that scaling up direct measurement techniques may offer a cost-effective alternative to predictive models in carbon credit markets.

Expert Insights on Soil Health and Climate Benefits

Mark Bradford, E.H. Harriman Professor of Soils and Ecosystem Ecology at Yale School of the Environment, noted in the study’s findings that direct measurements could extend beyond carbon markets. When talking to phys.org, he highlighted their potential for validating greenhouse gas accounting and supporting national emission reporting. This approach could also improve soil biodiversity, nutrient retention and resilience to extreme weather, leading to enhanced food security.

Technological Tools Supporting Farmers

To assist farmers, Eric Potash, research scientist at the Agroecosystem Sustainability Center, developed an open-source application enabling users to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of soil carbon projects. This tool helps calculate profitability based on variables like project size and sampling strategies.

As noted by the study’s authors, addressing measurement concerns is key to supporting policies and investments that protect soil health. By ensuring accurate and scalable carbon storage verification, this approach aims to strengthen confidence in the environmental and economic benefits of climate-smart agriculture.

(Disclaimer: New Delhi Television is a subsidiary of AMG Media Networks Limited, an Adani Group Company.)

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