Doctors have begun the first global study of why some people with cancer beat the odds and survive so much longer than expected.
Many cancer specialists have anecdotal stories of patients who have overcome even the most aggressive forms of the disease, despite being given only months to live.
The Rosalind study will now bring together large numbers of ‘super survivors’, allowing scientists to look for clues to why they have responded so well to treatment, while others die.
In the past doctors may have put stark differences in survival down to luck.
But Dr Thankamma Ajithkumar, who is leading the UK arm of the study at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, said the hunt was on for a more scientific reason.
“This is the first time anybody has tried to answer this question why there is a select group of people who do exceptionally well after these dreadful cancers,” he told Sky News.
“We will have a much larger database to say more confidently that this is what is making you live longer.”
The study will focus on some of the most aggressive forms of the disease – extensive-stage small cell lung cancer, the brain cancer glioblastoma, and metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Just 3% to 5% of patients are still alive five years after diagnosis.
‘I never believed I was going to die’
Katherine Webster will be joining the study.
She was found to have a stage four glioblastoma after suffering a seizure on a train. Scans revealed the tumour in her brain was around 8cm across.
Yet after surgery and a course of radiotherapy and chemo all signs of the cancer disappeared.
Her latest scan, in December, showed she only has a small fluid-filled space in the left side of her brain.
“I never believed I was going to die,” she said.
“I just remember coming out of the surgery and saying, ‘I’m going to fight this’.
“Having that positive mental attitude has been really important for me.”
Katherine rows regularly near where she lives in Cambridge. Apart from tiring easily and having an occasional tremor in her hand, she is well.
“The thing that really struck me was the study’s approach,” she said.
“It’s looking at the positive effects, why you survive as opposed to why you get ill, which is the normal default setting for studies these days.
“It synchronised with my approach to the disease.”
Scientists in more than 40 countries – including eight cancer centres in the UK – will take part in the study.
They’ll analyse detailed biological information from more than 1,000 patients and their tumours, comparing genetic mutations, proteins and other factors that may determine their response to treatment.
‘We might find targets for drugs’
Dr Ajithkumar said: “We hope to answer our basic curiosity of why somebody is alive.
“And second, we might find a number of targets for future drugs.”
The study is being run by French biotech startup Cure51, with backing from the venture capital firm Sofinnova.
Nicolas Wolikow, Cure51’s co-founder, told Sky News that the aim was to “kill cancer” in 20 years.
“The ambition of the project is to eradicate cancer,” he said.
“If we could unlock these biological mechanisms that are possessed by these survivors and replicate that for the majority of patients, I think we could do it.”
Super survivors who are interested in taking part in the UK arm of the study can get more info at https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/news/trust-backs-international-cancer-study-aided-by-super-survivors/
Three Israeli and five Thai hostages have been freed under a phased ceasefire deal that has halted fighting in Gaza.
But after a chaotic release that saw crowds swarm sections of the handover, Israel temporarily delayed the freeing of 110 Palestinians expected in exchange.
The first hostage, 20-year-old female Israeli soldier Agam Berger, was released in northern Gaza.
Hours later, footage from the southern Gaza city of Khan Younis showed a stunned and scared-looking Arbel Yehoud being led through a crowd, flanked by armed, masked Palestinian militants.
It’s suspected she was being held by Islamic Jihad, another militant group in Gaza.
A third Israeli, civilian Gadi Mozes, 80, was also released on Thursday.
Israeli military identified the five Thai nationals as Thenna Pongsak, Sathian Suwannakhan, Sriaoun Watchara, Seathao Bannawat and Rumnao Surasak.
In return for the release of the Israeli hostages, Israel is expected to set free 110 Palestinians detained in prisons, including children, according to the Palestinian Prisoners Society.
Among them are a 61-year-old held since 1992 and 30 teenagers, the youngest a 15-year-old boy.
Their release was pausedafter the Israeli PM condemned the “shocking” scenes of the handovers to the Red Cross.
Benjamin Netanyahu said Palestinian detainees would be held until the safe exit of Israeli hostages was guaranteed in future.
He said later that he had received such a commitment, and Israeli media reported the releases of Palestinians would go ahead.
The war has devastated much of Gaza’s infrastructure, including homes, roads, sanitation and communications networks.
The latest planned exchange is part of a fragile truce – mediated by the US, Qatar and Egypt – that began on 19 January and has so far held, aimed at winding down the deadliest war ever fought between Israel and Hamas.
Among the roughly 250 people taken from Israel during Hamas’s 7 October 2023 attack which ignited the conflict, some have died in captivity in Gaza, while others have been released or rescued.
More than 47,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israel’s offensive, according to Hamas-run authorities in Gaza, which does not distinguish between civilians and combatants.
On Monday, hundreds of thousands of Gazans traversed rubble and dirt to return to what was left of their homes in the north of the Gaza Strip.
But joy was tempered by grief as many discovered shattered or looted homes, no running water in the vicinity and dire shortages of basic supplies.
On Thursday, a new Israeli law came into effect banning the UN’s Palestinian refugee agency (UNRWA) from Israeli territory.
It raised fears of a shutdown of its schools, medical facilities and other services in east Jerusalem – and possibly more in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, where UNRWA is the biggest provider of aid.
British MP Sarah Champion, who chairs the International Development Committee of MPs, called the ban “devastating”.
“Food, water, education, even rubbish collection will all be affected,” she said.
“In the strongest possible terms, I urge the UK government to do everything it can to get all parties round the table and ensure that UNRWA can fulfil its UN-mandated work. The success of the current ceasefire hangs in the balance if not.”
An Iraqi man who burned copies of the Koran in Sweden has been killed in a shooting, Swedish authorities say.
Swedish police said Salwan Momika was shot dead in a house in Sodertalje, a town near Stockholm, on Wednesday, hours before a court verdict was due in a trial in connection with his burning of the Koran.
Five people have been been arrested, but police did not say whether the gunman was among those detained.
Mr Momika, a refugee and anti-Islam campaigner, staged several desecrations of Islam’s holy book in public or in social media broadcasts in 2023.
Sweden’s prime minister has expressed concern the shooting may be linked to a foreign power.
“I can assure you that the security services are deeply involved because there is obviously a risk that there is a connection to a foreign power,” Prime Minister Ulf Kristersson said at a news conference on Thursday.
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A court in Stockholm had been due to sentence Mr Momika, 38, and another man on Thursday over “offences of agitation against an ethnic or national group,” in connection with the Koran burnings.
The court said the verdict was postponed because one of the defendants had died.
Judge Goran Lundahl and court documents confirmed Mr Momika was the deceased.
Meanwhile, police said they were alerted to a shooting in Sodertalje on Wednesday night.
Officers found a man with gunshot wounds, who later died. A preliminary murder investigation was opened.
The European Space Agency (ESA) has revealed it is closely monitoring an asteroid the size of a football pitch that could hit the Earth in a little over seven years.
The asteroid, called 2024 YR4, is estimated to have a one in 83 chance of a direct hit, causing “severe damage to a local region”, according to ESA.
The space rock, which measures 100m by 40m, is currently at a distance of around 27 million miles and moving away from the planet. But its path will cross the Earth’s orbit on 22 December 2032.
Most likely there would be a near miss, with the asteroid passing within a few thousand miles.
The Space Mission Planning Advisory Group, which is chaired by ESA, will discuss the latest observations of the asteroid at a meeting in Vienna next week.
If the impact risk is confirmed it will make official recommendations to the United Nations and work may begin on options for a “spacecraft-based response to the potential hazard”, the agency said in a statement.
Dr Simeon Barber, a space scientist at the Open University, told Sky News: “We shouldn’t be overly worried – at least not just yet.
“That’s because our early detection systems quite often overestimate the likelihood of an impact with Earth.
“In the early stages, we can’t determine its trajectory very accurately, and so the probability of impact has to take into account this uncertainty.
“It’s likely that as our technologies for detecting Earth-bound objects improve, we may see an increasing number of alerts such as this.
“It’s important that we find the right balance between treating the threat seriously, but not over-reacting in these early stages of discovery when the trajectory is still not well-defined.”
At the time NASA administrator Bill Nelson said: “All of us have a responsibility to protect our home planet. After all, it’s the only one we have.”
Near-Earth Asteroid 2024 YR4 was first spotted by a telescope in Chile. Since the start of January, astronomers have been tracking the asteroid to gauge its size and movement.
The asteroid is expected to fade from view within the next few months as it moves further from the Earth. Increasingly powerful telescopes will be trained on the rock to gather as much data as possible on its trajectory.
Once it disappears it won’t come back into view until 2028.
How much damage would such an impact do?
The Earth takes a direct hit from an asteroid of that size only once every few thousand years.
In 1908, a slightly smaller asteroid – thought to have measured 60m across – exploded over Siberia. It flattened 80 million trees over an area of 830 square miles.