Donald Trump’s second White House term has seen him berate Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, attempt to pause all foreign aid, and put forward a plan to “own” Gaza – and he hasn’t even been in office for 50 days.
On the latest episode of Sky News podcast The World with Richard Engel and Yalda Hakim, Matt Pottinger – Mr Trump’s deputy national security adviser during his first term – joins the hosts to unpack the leader’s motivations.
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The world view that the US president subscribes to can be distilled down into five principles, according to Mr Pottinger: the five Rs.
Here, he breaks down the “things that matter” to Mr Trump.
Reciprocity
This idea is simple. “If a country, in terms of both its national security interest and its approach to trade with the United States, treats the US the way the US treats that country, things are going to work out okay,” Mr Pottinger explained.
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He continued: “President Trump carries around this sense of aggrievement that he feels that the United States has unfairly opened its markets or has heavily subsidised other countries’ security without those countries carrying enough of the burden.”
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3:27
Why are tariffs such a big deal?
Reindustrialisation
This is a term Mr Trump used during his first stint in office, but “you hear it even more now”, Mr Pottinger said.
He explained: “It’s this idea that the United States haemorrhaged too much of its industrial base to other countries, particularly America’s number one adversary, the People’s Republic of China under the Chinese Communist Party.
“He wants to draw foreign direct investment back directly.
“It’s not good enough just to go to friendly nations, so-called friend-shoring. He wants on-shoring of this industrial investment.”
Image: Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Donald Trump’s Oval Office meeting ended in a shouting match last week. Pic: Reuters
Reimbursement
Mr Pottinger said he first learnt this word when Mr Trump wanted to use it in a speech in Seoul back in 2017 – but advisers including himself managed to talk the US president out of it.
“We’d written a very nice speech for him […] and he wrote in a line in the middle of it saying that South Korea needs to reimburse the United States for everything that US has spent going back to 1950 to defend Korea,” he said. “We persuaded him not to use that line in that speech at that particular moment.
“It would have been the only thing that would have been reported about the speech and it would not have been taken well by the host. It would have been rude.
“But it’s still his belief that every country that the United States defends or has provided for defence for, needs […] to be reimbursed [the US] in some way.”
Image: President Trump addressed a joint session of Congress on Tuesday. Pic: Reuters
Real estate
Reimbursement, Mr Pottinger explained, leads perfectly into the fourth R: real estate.
Mr Trump got his start in the business world at his father’s real estate company in the late 1960s and went on to develop properties including the Trump Tower in New York and numerous Trump hotels worldwide.
In November last year, Forbes estimated that his real estate investments account for $1.1bn of the president’s $5.6bn net worth.
Mr Trump’s real estate interests have been reflected in some of his political proposals, including his redevelopment plan for Gaza.
“I would own this,” he said of the Gaza Strip last month – before sharing an AI video of the territory changed into a Middle Eastern paradise with skyscrapers, yachts and a ‘Trump Gaza’ building.
Respect
Mr Trump “wants to be treated respectfully,” Mr Pottinger said. “And he’s actually quite gracious as a host, when he feels that he’s being treated with respect, he’ll treat his counterpart with respect.
“I’ve been in the room in scores of meetings with foreign leaders, and that’s usually how it’s worked out.”
The most advanced US aircraft carrier has travelled to the Caribbean Sea in what has been interpreted as a show of military power and a possible threat to Venezuela’s Nicolas Maduro regime.
The USS Gerald R Ford and other warships arrived in the area with a new influx of troops and weaponry on Sunday.
It is the latest step in a military build-up that the Donald Trump administration claims is aimed at preventing criminal cartels from smuggling drugs to America.
Since early September, US strikes have killed at least 80 people in 20 attacks on small boats accused of transporting narcotics in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific Ocean.
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0:43
Trump takes questions on MTG, Epstein and Venezuela
Mr Trump has indicated that military action would expand beyond strikes by sea, saying the US would “stop the drugs coming in by land”.
The US government has released no evidence to support its assertions that those killed in the boats were “narcoterrorists”, however.
The arrival of the USS Gerald R Ford now rounds off the largest increase in US firepower in the region in generations.
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With its arrival, the “Operation Southern Spear” mission includes nearly a dozen navy ships and about 12,000 sailors and marines.
Rear Admiral Paul Lanzilotta, who commands the strike group, said it will bolster an already large force of American warships to “protect our nation’s security and prosperity against narco-terrorism in the Western Hemisphere”.
Image: Donald Trump said the US would ‘stop the drugs coming in by land’. Pic: Reuters
Admiral Alvin Holsey, the US commander who oversees the Caribbean and Latin America, said in a statement that the American forces “stand ready to combat the transnational threats that seek to destabilise our region”.
Government officials in Trinidad and Tobago have announced that they have already begun “training exercises” with the US military that are due to run over the next week.
The island is just seven miles from Venezuela at its closest point.
The country’s minister of foreign affairs, Sean Sobers, said the exercises were aimed at tackling violent crime in Trinidad and Tobago, which is frequently used by drug traffickers as a stopover on their journey to Europe or North America.
Venezuela’s government has described the training exercises as an act of aggression.
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0:23
Venezuelan president breaks into song during speech
They had no immediate comment on Sunday regarding the arrival of the USS Gerald R Ford.
The US has long used aircraft carriers to pressure and deter aggression by other nations because its warplanes can strike targets deep inside another country.
Some experts say the Ford is ill-suited to fighting cartels, but it could be an effective instrument of intimidation to push Mr Maduro, who faces charges of narcoterrorism in the US, to step down.
Mr Maduro has said the US government is “fabricating” a war against him.
The US president has justified the attacks on drug boats by saying the country is in “armed conflict” with drug cartels, while claiming the boats are operated by foreign terrorist organisations.
US politicians have pressed Mr Trump for more information on who is being targeted and the legal justification for the boat strikes.
Elizabeth Dickinson, the International Crisis Group’s senior analyst for the Andes region, said: “This is the anchor of what it means to have US military power once again in Latin America.
“And it has raised a lot of anxieties in Venezuela but also throughout the region. I think everyone is watching this with sort of bated breath to see just how willing the US is to really use military force.”
Republican congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has said she is ready to mend relations with Donald Trump after a high-profile row between the pair.
The former MAGA ally had accused the president of “coming after me hard” over her efforts to get more Jeffrey Epstein files released.
But writing on X on Sunday, she said forgiveness was a “major part” of her Christian faith.
“I’m here to show how it’s possible to settle our differences and move forward as Americans,” she wrote. “That’s why I’m always willing to go on shows with different viewpoints.
“I truly believe in forgiveness and I am open to moving forward with the President.”
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0:43
Trump takes questions on MTG, Epstein and Venezuela
The row began when a petition to vote on the full release of the Epstein files received enough signatures – including Ms Greene’s – to bring it to a vote in the House of Representatives.
Despite his attacks, Trump said on social media on Sunday that “House Republicans should vote to release the Epstein files, because we have nothing to hide…”
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3:05
March 2025: Greene clashes with Sky correspondent
High-profile figures, including Mr Trump, have been referenced in some of the documents.
The president has called the Epstein files a “hoax” by the Democrats and has consistently denied any involvement or knowledge about Epstein’s sex trafficking operation.
The White House has said the “selectively leaked emails” are an attempt to “create a fake narrative” to smear Mr Trump.
Donald Trump has said he will sue the BBC for between $1bn and $5bn over the editing of his speech on Panorama.
The US president confirmed he would be taking legal action against the broadcaster while on Air Force One overnight on Saturday.
“We’ll sue them. We’ll sue them for anywhere between a billion (£792m) and five billion dollars (£3.79bn), probably sometime next week,” he told reporters.
“We have to do it, they’ve even admitted that they cheated. Not that they couldn’t have not done that. They cheated. They changed the words coming out of my mouth.”
Mr Trump then told reporters he would discuss the matter with Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer over the weekend, and claimed “the people of the UK are very angry about what happened… because it shows the BBC is fake news”.
Separately, Mr Trump told GB News: “I’m not looking to get into lawsuits, but I think I have an obligation to do it.
“This was so egregious. If you don’t do it, you don’t stop it from happening again with other people.”
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11:02
BBC crisis: How did it happen?
The Daily Telegraph reported earlier this month that an internal memo raised concerns about the BBC’s editing of a speech made by Mr Trump on 6 January 2021, just before a mob rioted at the US Capitol building, on the news programme.
The concerns regard clips spliced together from sections of the president’s speech to make it appear he told supporters he was going to walk to the US Capitol with them to “fight like hell” in the documentary Trump: A Second Chance?, which was broadcast by the BBC the week before last year’s US election.
Following a backlash, both BBC director-general Tim Davie and BBC News chief executive Deborah Turness resigned from their roles.
‘No basis for defamation claim’
On Thursday, the broadcaster officially apologised to the president and added that it was an “error of judgement” and the programme will “not be broadcast again in this form on any BBC platforms”.
A spokesperson said that “the BBC sincerely regrets the manner in which the video clip was edited,” but they also added that “we strongly disagree there is a basis for a defamation claim”.
Earlier this week, Mr Trump’s lawyers threatened to sue the BBC for $1bn unless it apologised, retracted the clip, and compensated him.
Image: The US president said he would sue the broadcaster for between $1bn and $5bn. File pic: PA
Legal challenges
But legal experts have said that Mr Trump would face challenges taking the case to court in the UK or the US.
The deadline to bring the case to UK courts, where defamation damages rarely exceed £100,000 ($132,000), has already expired because the documentary aired in October 2024, which is more than one year.
Also because the documentary was not shown in the US, it would be hard to show that Americans thought less of the president because of a programme they could not watch.
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2:05
Sky’s Katie Spencer on what BBC bosses told staff on call over Trump row
Newsnight allegations
The BBC has said it was looking into fresh allegations, published in The Telegraph, that its Newsnight show also selectively edited footage of the same speech in a report broadcast in June 2022.
A BBC spokesperson said: “The BBC holds itself to the highest editorial standards. This matter has been brought to our attention and we are now looking into it.”