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Teenagers are routinely seeing inappropriate violent or sexual content, “doom-scrolling” and being contacted by strangers online, according to an exclusive survey for Sky News.

More than 1,000 young people aged 14 to 17 in Darlington schools told us what they see and experience online when looking at apps commonly used by teenagers.

Their answers raise troubling questions about whether government and tech companies are doing enough to protect children online amid a growing debate among parents and campaigners about how far to restrict children’s access to smartphones and social media.

Of those surveyed, 40% spent at least six hours a day online – the equivalent of a school day. One in five said they spent upwards of eight hours a day on their phones.

Some of the findings in the under-16 group were striking, including that 75% had been contacted by strangers through social media and online gaming.

Over half (55%) of the Year 10 students, aged 14 to 15, had seen sexually explicit or violent content that was inappropriate for their age.

Concerningly, a large proportion of them (50%) said this always or usually came up on social media apps without them searching for it – suggesting it is driven by algorithms.

Doom-scrolling is the act of spending an excessive amount of time online consuming negative news or social media content, often without stopping.

The survey represents a snapshot of teenagers in one town in the UK, but resonates more widely.

The teenagers said they wanted their voices to be heard in the debate about online safety. While they did not favour a social media or smartphone ban, many wanted tougher controls on the content they see.

When asked if they were in favour of social media companies doing more to protect under 16s from seeing explicit or harmful content, 50% were in favour and 14% against.

‘It’s quite horrific’

Sky News was invited to film a focus group of under-16s from different schools discussing the results at St Aidan’s Academy in Darlington, hosted by Labour MP Lola McEvoy, whose office carried out the research.

Jacob, who is 15, said among the things he had seen on social media were “gore, animal abuse, car crashes, everything related to death, torture”.

He said: “It’s quite horrific. A lot of the things that I’ve seen that I shouldn’t have, have not been searched by me directly and have been shown to me without me wanting to.

“Most of this stuff pops up on social media, Instagram Reels, TikTok, sometimes on YouTube.

“It’s like a roulette, you can go online and see entertainment, because there’s always a risk of seeing racism, sexism and 18+ explicit content.”

Matthew, also 15, said he spends six to seven hours a day online, before school and late into the evening – and up to nine hours on weekends, gaming and messaging with friends.

“After school, the only time I take a break is when I’m eating or talking to someone. It can turn into addiction,” he said.

He also said inappropriate content was unprompted. “I’ve seen a varied spectrum of things – sexually explicit content, graphic videos, gory photos and just upsetting images,” he added.

“Mostly with the violence it’s on Instagram Reels, with sexually explicit content it’s more Snapchat and TikTok.”

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Instagram unveils new feature to let users reset algorithms

‘It can be sexual stuff’

Summer, 14, said: “I see unwanted content about getting into a summer body and how you should starve yourself.

“It just pops up randomly without searching anything. I reported it, but it keeps coming up.”

Many of the group had been contacted by strangers. Summer said: “I have, and a lot of my friends have as well. They can just randomly come up on Snapchat and TikTok and you don’t know who they are, and it’s quite worrying, they’re probably like 40 years old.”

Olivia, 15, said: “I’ve been added to group chat with hundreds of people sending images like dead bodies, gore.

“I try to leave but there’s so many people, I don’t know who has added me, and I keep getting re-added. It can be sexual stuff or violent stuff. It can be quite triggering for people to see stuff like that quite damaging to your mental health.”

Asked what she disliked online, Briony, 14, said: “Involvement with older people, people who aren’t my friends and that I don’t know. It’s very humiliating when other people are commenting and being rude; and it’s quite horrible.”

Fewer than a third of those surveyed (31%) said they were always asked their age before viewing inappropriate content.

When asked about their age on social media, around a third said they usually pretended to be older. But in the focus group, teenagers were clear that they had seen upsetting and disturbing content when they used their real age.

Parents ‘can’t tackle this alone’

Ms McEvoy described the findings as “shocking” and said “the safety of our children online is one of the defining issues of our time”.

“Parents and teachers are doing their best, but they can’t tackle this alone,” she added.

“We need enforceable age verification, better content controls, and more age-appropriate functions to ensure children can go online without fear.”

The Online Safety Act, which was passed by MPs in October 2023, is intended to protect users – particularly children – from illegal and harmful content.

It is being implemented this year, with tough fines for platforms which do not prevent children from accessing harmful and age-inappropriate content coming in this summer.

A private members’ bill debated by MPs earlier this month proposed that the internet “age of consent” for giving data to social media companies be raised from 13 to 16, but it was watered down after the government made clear it would not support the move.

Snapchat, Instagram and TikTok were contacted for comment, but did not provide an on-the-record statement on the comments by the teenagers.

The companies insist they take issues of safety and age-appropriate content seriously.

Instagram is rolling out Teen Accounts, which it says will limit who can contact teenagers and the content they can see.

Snapchat and TikTok say on their websites that accounts for under-16s are set to private.

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The crypto industry has turned into a global memecoin casino

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The crypto industry has turned into a global memecoin casino

The crypto industry has turned into a global memecoin casino

Opinion by: Georgii Verbitskii, founder of TYMIO 

Memecoins have dominated the crypto narrative over the past year, leading to a series of high-profile events where most traders lost money while insiders profited. The Libra token alone, by some estimations, resulted in $4.4 billion in public losses. Unlike previous crypto cycles where broad market growth rewarded holders, today’s memecoin speculation has created an environment where the average trader’s chances of success are slim. How did memecoins happen to drive the market to a dead end, and will this ever end?

Speculation or investment?

Investing and speculation are fundamentally different games with distinct rules. Investing isn’t about making quick money. It is about purchasing the right assets to protect capital in the long haul. Usually, investors don’t wait for the right “entry point” but purchase assets to be held for years. Such assets grow relative to fiat currencies based on fundamental factors. For example, stocks, gold and Bitcoin (BTC) rise against the US dollar, which faces unlimited issuance and inflation.

Some assets have extra growth drivers — rising property demand, growing company profits or even Bitcoin adoption by governments — but these are bonuses. The key point is that your investment is not supposed to lose all its value against the fiat. Investors follow long-term macroeconomic trends, which helps them preserve purchasing power.

On the other hand, speculation is a zero-sum game where the skilled minority profits because of the uninformed majority. Typically, such people are chasing quick profits. This is what happens with memecoins. Unlike traditional investments, they lack intrinsic value, dividends or interest returns. While in the case of Bitcoin, the “greater fools” who buy after a trader could be companies adopting the Bitcoin standard, followed by entire nations establishing strategic Bitcoin reserves after the US, in the case of a token like LIBRA, the greater fool is the one who bought it after Javier Milei’s announcement on X. That’s it — there are no more buyers.

Unregulated gambling

Memecoins operate similarly to online casinos. They provide entertainment and promise quick profits but favor only those who create and promote them. Unlike regulated gambling, where risks are well-known, memecoins are often hyped by influential figures — starting from the famous crypto influencer Murad and ending with the US president — and, consequently, social media narratives. The harsh reality is that, like in a casino, the odds overwhelmingly favor insiders and early adopters while the majority suffer losses.

Recent: Solana’s token minting frenzy loses steam as memecoins get torched

The memecoin craze clearly thrives on speculation and psychological triggers — this is the game that evolves emotions and leaves players’ wallets empty. Platforms like Pump.fun, which facilitate memecoin launches, have reaped massive profits, proving that selling shovels is the best way to profit from a gold rush. How can opening a casino require a license and choosing a location in strictly designated areas, while anyone can launch their own memecoin? 

Well, the situation is likely to change soon.

Will this ever end?

The lack of regulatory oversight has enabled the explosive growth of memecoins. How did we get here? Let’s remember the SEC’s activities in recent years, namely lawsuits against major decentralized finance (DeFi) protocols and large crypto companies that tried to play fair. Another serious step was Operation Chokepoint 2.0, directed by the previous US administration against the crypto industry as a whole. All this not only stifled well-intentioned companies that created something meaningful in crypto but also indirectly triggered a counterweight in the form of other players who took advantage of unclear rules.

As a result, crypto exchanges have recently been listing mostly memecoins almost immediately after their release. Chaos in the field of regulation has turned the crypto industry into a sizable global casino. While earlier, everyone hoped to win in this gamble, now, along with the losses, it seems that general disappointment is setting in.

There is a ray of hope. The current US administration can unequivocally be called “crypto-friendly,” which means we will likely see significant regulation progress this year. This is especially crucial for the DeFi sector, which has long found its product-market fit and is rapidly developing, capturing the markets of traditional finance (banks, brokers and other intermediaries).

It is essential to rewrite outdated financial regulations as quickly as possible. The old rules were designed for a system based on trust in centralized intermediaries, whereas the new framework must incorporate smart contracts — in other words, executable blockchain code.

Stronger regulatory frameworks could introduce stricter requirements for token launches, including mandatory disclosures of creators’ personalities and restrictions on centralized exchange listings. 

Yet market participants may learn through costly mistakes even without direct intervention and become more cautious about memecoin investments. After a series of harsh but sobering memecoin rug pulls, the Web3 community should finally realize that such projects rarely reward risk-takers. If someone still decides to take a chance, they should treat it like a trip to the casino: only bringing the amount they are prepared to lose and making the most of the joy from this experience. 

For those to whom this approach doesn’t appeal or those truly serious about growing their net worth to pass it on to future generations, welcome to the real world of bland, regular Bitcoin purchases. It seems the market is only now starting to realize this.

Opinion by: Georgii Verbitskii, founder of TYMIO.

This article is for general information purposes and is not intended to be and should not be taken as legal or investment advice. The views, thoughts, and opinions expressed here are the author’s alone and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.

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Ex-minister Tulip Siddiq attacks ‘targeted and baseless campaign’ against her by Bangladesh authorities

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Ex-minister Tulip Siddiq attacks 'targeted and baseless campaign' against her by Bangladesh authorities

Sir Keir Starmer’s former anti-corruption minister has accused the Bangladeshi authorities of a “targeted and baseless campaign” against her.

It is Tulip Siddiq‘s first significant response to a series of corruption allegations in Bangladesh, which saw her resign from the government in January.

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She quit after the prime minister’s standards adviser found her family’s links with the ousted Bangladeshi regime exposed the government to “reputational risks.”

A letter from Ms Siddiq’s lawyers to Bangladesh’s Anti-Corruption Commission (ACC) said: “At no point have any allegations against Ms Siddiq been put to her fairly, properly and transparently, or indeed at all, by the ACC, or anyone else with proper authority on behalf of the Bangladesh government.”

Her lawyers said the media has been “repeatedly used” to publish allegations “that have no truth”, setting out several examples that have led to an “ongoing targeted and baseless campaign”.

Ms Siddiq denies all wrongdoing, and says she has not been approached by the investigating authorities in Bangladesh.

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Tulip Siddiq MP in 2019. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Tulip Siddiq has rejected the allegations against her. Pic: Reuters

‘Allegations have no merit’

Sky News previously reported that UK-based investigators were considering ways to help the Bangladeshi authorities.

The agency concerned, the International Anti-Corruption Co-ordination Centre (IACCC), is currently hosted by the National Crime Agency (NCA) and principally funded by the UK government.

In the seven-page letter sent by Ms Siddiq’s legal team, seen by Sky News, it is claimed the ACC “does not appear to be taking matters seriously”.

It goes on: “If it was, it would have been obvious to it that the allegations made against our client have no merit at all.”

What are some of the claims?

Ms Siddiq is the niece of the ousted Bangladeshi leader Sheikh Hasina, and it’s those familial links that were used as evidence in the claims against her.

Among the allegations disputed by Ms Siddiq are claims she illegally benefitted from a deal between Bangladesh and Russia for a nuclear power station.

Ms Siddiq’s lawyers say this is “absurd and cannot be true”, as the claims revolve around a property given to the Labour MP by a close family friend 10 years before the power station deal.

The letter also rejects claims Ms Siddiq committed fraud in Bangladesh over where she owned a home.

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Ms Siddiq’s team has told the ACC it must “immediately stop manufacturing false and vexatious allegations”, adding the agency’s methods “are an unacceptable attempt to interfere in UK politics”.

The letter goes on to request any further claims are put to them directly, instead of being publicised in the media.

In response, a defiant ACC said Ms Siddiq “has benefitted from the systemic corruption” of her aunt’s old party.

It said the MP has “spent most of her adult life residing in homes owned by cronies” of the party, the Awami League, and been “benefitted by corrupt property deals that her mother undertook”.

It said it would be in touch with her office “in due course”.

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Starmer backs campaign to show Adolescence in schools

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Starmer backs campaign to show Adolescence in schools

Sir Keir Starmer has revealed he is watching Netflix’s Adolescence with his family and supports a campaign for it to be shown in parliament and schools.

The drama, starring Stephen Graham, depicts the aftermath of the stabbing of a teenage girl – as a 13-year-old boy from her school is arrested for her murder.

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Graham and co-writer Jack Thorne have said they want it to be a show that “causes discussion and makes change”, after it was hailed by critics and topped Netflix’s charts around the world.

Asked by Labour MP Anneliese Midgley if he backs the creators’ calls for it to be aired in parliament and schools, Sir Keir said he does.

He told PMQs: “At home we are watching Adolescence. I’ve got a 16-year-old boy and a 14-year-old girl, and it’s a very good drama to watch.

“This violence carried out by young men, influenced by what they see online, is a real problem.

“It’s abhorrent, and we have to tackle it.”

Stephen Graham as Eddie Miller in Adolescence. Pic: Netflix
Image:
Stephen Graham as Eddie Miller in Adolescence. Pic: Netflix

MPs want tougher action on online safety

Sir Keir’s commitment came as Sky News learned around 25 Labour MPs who want tougher action on online safety have formed an informal group and are due to meet next week.

It could pressure the government to take more radical steps, after a private member’s bill to raise the age of social media consent from 13 to 16 was watered down because ministers didn’t support the measure.

The changes were criticised by Thorne in a recent interview with Sky News, accusing the government of being “frightened of big tech”.

Johnathan Brash is among the MPs who backs showing Adolescence in parliament and schools, telling Sky News he found it “so powerful and distressing I immediately went upstairs and gave my son a hug”.

The Labour MP for Hartlepool, whose son is eight, said elements of the show could be shown in primary school “with discretion” so children understand the dangers before they are using social media.

He said he will raise the issue with officials at the Department for Education to ensure Sir Keir’s “extremely supportive” words are followed through on.

Mr Brash said the government must “protect children from an environment that is increasing hostile and dangerous”.

It comes after Sky News revealed teenagers are regularly being served up “horrific” content on social media apps, including violent and sexually explicit material.

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Should social media be restricted for teens?

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Adolescence ‘holds mirror up to society’

Government ‘alert’ to ‘toxic influencers’

Speaking after PMQs, Sir Keir’s spokesman called Adolescence “an incredibly powerful programme that shows the threat of young men carrying out violence from seeing things online”.

“Insidious misogyny taking root will be tackled,” he added, though he did not say how.

He also said the government is “alert to and taking on” issues raised by Sir Gareth Southgate, after the ex-England manager hit out at “manipulative and toxic influencers” who trick young men into thinking women are against them.

The Online Safety Act, which is being implemented this year, is intended to protect young people from illegal and harmful content with fines for platforms who break the rules coming in this summer.

However, MPs from across the political spectrum want further action to tackle the amount of time children spend on their smartphones.

The Tories want the government to force teachers to ban smartphones from schools, with shadow education secretary Laura Trott revealing she is so concerned she won’t allow her children to have one until they are 16.

The government has resisted the measure, saying teachers already have the power to ban phones.

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