AMoRE Experiment Sets New Benchmark in Neutrinoless
The latest phase of the AMoRE (Advanced Mo-based Rare Process Experiment) project has yielded significant findings in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay, a process that could redefine understanding of fundamental particle physics. Conducted at the Yangyang Underground Laboratory in Korea, the study involved the use of molybdate scintillating crystals at extremely low temperatures to detect this elusive nuclear event. While no clear evidence was observed, the research has set a new upper limit on the decay halflife of molybdenum-100, refining the parameters for future experiments in the field.
New Constraints Established
According to the study published in Physical Review Letters, the AMoRE collaboration utilised multiple kilograms of molybdenum-100, a radioactive isotope, in the form of scintillating crystals. The experiment aimed to detect whether two neutrons in a nucleus could decay into two protons without emitting neutrinos, a phenomenon that would confirm the neutrino and antineutrino as identical particles. Detection of this process is considered crucial for exploring matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe.
In an interview with Phys.org, Yoomin Oh, corresponding author of the study, explained that the neutrino is one of the elementary particles in the Standard Model. It was ‘invented’ by Wolfgang Pauli about a hundred years ago and discovered a couple of decades later than that. He added that while neutrinos are among the most abundant particles, their properties, including mass, remain largely unknown.
Next Phase: AMoRE-II at Yemilab
AMoRE-I achieved the highest sensitivity ever recorded for detecting neutrinoless double beta decay in molybdenum-100, but no definitive signal was found. This outcome has refined the experimental approach, with the next phase, AMoRE-II, currently being developed at Yemilab, a newly constructed underground research facility in Korea.
The upcoming phase will involve a significantly larger quantity of molybdenum-based crystal detectors and an upgraded low-temperature detection system. The AMoRE collaboration aims to achieve an even lower background environment, enhancing the sensitivity of the experiment. Data collection for AMoRE-II is expected to begin within the next year, with researchers hoping to uncover new insights into the nature of neutrinos.
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T Corona Borealis is a binary star system in the Northern Crown constellation which is being monitored closely by astronomers worldwide for signs of a rare stellar eruption. The system consists of a white dwarf and a red giant orbiting each other with the white dwarf pulling material from its companion. The gradual accumulation of matter on the surface of dwarf white planet can lead to a thermonuclear explosion, known as a Nova. Scientists recorded the last erupted Nova in 1946. Now, there have been some indications that we might experience another nova outburst in the near future.
The researchers have recorded a brightening event in 2015 followed by a dimming in 2023, which has mirrored the pattern seen in the last eruption. This leads the experts to believe that there might be another nova outburt. If an eruption occurs T Corona Borealis could become visible to the naked eye and shine as brightly as the most prominent stars.
Accretion Activity and Expert Predictions
According to a study published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, the system has exhibited behaviour similar to the years leading up to its previous eruption. T Corona Borealis is one of only eleven recurrent novae observed in recorded history with eruptions noted in 1217, 1787, 1866 and 1946. As per the latest data available with the researchers, the accretion disc surrounding the white dwarf has became highly active and bright between 2015 and 2023. The study reveals that this heightened activity could trigger an eruption within a year or two.
There are multiple predictions from the scientists based on orbital analysis suggesting possible eruption dates. As per multiple reports, the Nova outburst might take place between March 27 or November 10 this year or June 25, 2026. The researchers has also suggested a theory regarding a potential third object influencing the binary system. Astronomers like Dr Léa Planquart of Université de Strasbourg and Dr Jeremy Shears of the British Astronomical Association have dismissed this theory citing the absence of supporting evidence. Both experts believe the activity of the accretion disc remains the most likely cause of an impending eruption.
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A key difference has been observed in the behaviour of matter and antimatter particles by researchers working at a particle physics laboratory. A new measurement has been carried out that recorded the decay of a specific type of matter particle and its antimatter equivalent. This development is being seen as significant because it may explain why the universe is filled with matter while antimatter is nearly absent. The discovery has been described as a step towards solving one of physics’ biggest mysteries.
New Study Reveals Baryon Decay Difference
According to the research shared by the LHCb experiment at CERN and posted on the arXiv preprint server, a difference has been recorded in how a particle called the beauty-lambda baryon and its antimatter counterpart decay. These particles belong to the proton family and are classified as baryons. The report further added that the decay was observed into a proton and three mesons based on data collected between 2009 and 2018.
The evidence suggests that the decay of the beauty-lambda baryon differs from its antimatter twin. According to sources involved in the study the likelihood of this difference being a random occurrence is less than one in three million. Tim Gershon who is a particle physicist at the University of Warwick and part of the research team told Nature that this is the first time such a difference has been spotted in baryons.
Experts Say Findings Could Aid Understanding of Matter’s Prevalence
Tara Shears who is a particle physicist at the University of Liverpool stated to Nature that the observation could offer new insight into why matter is found in abundance while antimatter is not. She said that this imbalance is one of the major unresolved questions in physics.
Yuval Grossman a theoretical physicist from Cornell University mentioned to Nature that while the current measurement does not fully explain the imbalance it helps add a crucial piece to the puzzle.
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China has reportedly witnessed a significant decline in glacier area over the last six decades. As per a new study published online, the country has lost nearly 26 percent of its total glacier coverage since the 1960s. The study claims that the lost of such glacier area might be due to the rapid increase in global temperatures around the globe. Official data confirmed that close to 7000 small glaciers have entirely vanished from the landscape. The shrinking of glacier masses has been observed to accelerate over the past few years as warming trends continue to intensify.
Glacier Loss Confirmed by Chinese Academy of Sciences
According to a study released by the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources under the Chinese Academy of Sciences it was recorded that China’s glacier area had reduced to nearly 46000 square kilometres by 2020. The total number of glaciers was stated to be around 69000 at that time. This marked a steep fall from an earlier figure of approximately 59000 square kilometres reported between 1960 and 1980 when glacier count stood at roughly 46000.
Impact of Glacier Retreat on Water Security and Environment
The melting of glaciers has raised concerns over freshwater availability across several regions. Environmental agencies have cautioned that the loss of glacier mass may result in higher competition for water resources in the years to come. The Tibetan Plateau which hosts a large portion of these glaciers has been referred to as the Third Pole owing to the vast ice reserves it holds.
Efforts to Slow Glacier Melting
Attempts have been made by Chinese authorities to slow the melting process through technological interventions. Artificial snow systems and snow blankets have been deployed as part of these initiatives.
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