Former Tesla engineer Christina Balan, who was fired in 2014, said in an interview that her entire team was threatened with deportation for taking her side when she brought up a brake safety issue directly to Elon Musk. She’s now succeeded in throwing out Tesla’s arbitration case against her, and hopes to meet Tesla directly in open court in a case that could influence corporate policy nationwide.
Christina Balan is a Romanian-born engineer who formerly worked for Tesla on the Model S. Her contributions were significant enough that her initials appeared on the Model S’ battery pack.
But in 2014, she brought up what she considered a safety issue directly with Elon Musk. She thought that the Model S’ floor mats could cause a brake safety issue, similar to a situation that Toyota had recently gone through (though that also led to a media firestorm that blew the issue out of proportion). She said that Tesla had chosen suppliers based on friendships, not quality.
And she brought it up directly to Musk because… he told her to. Famously, in 2013, Musk sent out an email to the entire company stating:
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Anyone at Tesla can and should email/talk to anyone else according to what they think is the fastest way to solve a problem for the benefit of the whole company. You can talk to your manager’s manager without his permission, you can talk directly to a VP in another dept, you can talk to me, you can talk to anyone without anyone else’s permission. Moreover, you should consider yourself obligated to do so until the right thing happens.
-Elon Musk, email to all Tesla employees, March 21, 2013
A few days after sending that email, Balan said she was offered a meeting with Musk, but that when she showed up to the meeting, it was instead attended by a lawyer and some large men in uniforms, and with Tesla forcing her to resign her position.
During that meeting, Balan says that Tesla’s lawyer threatened to deport many members of her team, who were currently waiting on green card applications, if she didn’t sign the resignation, seemingly in response to her team backing her up in raising these concerns. She ended up signing the resignation in protest, writing on it that “I’m resigning for the position that I was put in a month ago bc I dare to speak up to the Sr management, also bc people that had the chance to speak up were threatened…”
Balan’s initials, “CB,” on a Model S battery pack
When Balan’s case got coverage in Huffington Post in 2017, Tesla sent a statement that Balan had stolen company resources to work on a “secret” personal project (Tesla emails show that Balan was told to work on this project by leadership). After this, Balan says she faced difficulty in finding work as companies feared ending up on Musk’s blacklist.
Balan filed a defamation suit over the press statement, but Tesla forced her case into arbitration and got the defamation suit thrown out. Forced arbitration is widely used by companies in America to find faster and more corporate-friendly rulings, an approach that has only become more common after endorsement by the “Supreme” Court.
Balan then appealed that decision, and after many delays (some related to her fight against breast cancer, which is now in remission), she finally succeeded in getting the arbitration thrown out on Monday – even though she represented herself, pro se, for most of the proceedings.
Her win could be significant for corporate policy nationwide, as it could serve to chill the overuse of arbitration which is seen by most observers as giving disproportionate power to companies in labor disputes. However, given the nature of the court’s recent finding, which was found to be a jurisdictional issue, this decision may not be directly applicable to many other arbitration cases.
Now, Balan wants to face Tesla in open court with her case, and hopes to bring more of her story to the public – which she says Musk has tried to stop her from doing, despite his claims of being a “free speech absolutist.”
She said so in an interview this weekend with The Times UK, a media organization owned by climate denier Rupert Murdoch, who is also the father of James Murdoch, a Tesla boardmember.
In the interview, Balan describes working conditions under Musk, and that he was a mostly-absent CEO who only showed up to the office twice a month, would threaten or retaliate against those who tried to fix problems. She says that she wants to take her case to open court “to prove how vindictive this monster is. He’s pure evil… he’s enjoying hurting people… and you don’t know about them because he’s forcing everybody to give up their freedom of speech and their right to sue.”
You can watch the whole interview below:
Electrek’s Take
We haven’t written about Balan’s case before because it’s been such a long time coming, and filled with various arcane legal wranglings. There will likely be more steps to come, many of which are boring legal maneuvers, but perhaps this case will now have a chance to go more public now that the arbitration decision has been thrown out.
And, frankly, I think the initial complaint over floor mats was probably not all that significant of a blockbuster. At the time, floor mats were getting a lot of focus due to the high-profile nature of the Toyota case (which was also overstated), so I think Balan’s team was probably more wary than usual. And we didn’t go on to see a slate of floor mat problems with the Model S in the time since.
However, Tesla’s response to bringing up the safety issue is still unacceptable (to say the least). Not only were all employees told to take steps like this to get problems solved by the CEO himself, but the strong-arm nature of a quick firing in response, and then threatening her team with deportation is beyond the pale.
While we only have Balan’s words as evidence for the deportation threat, we have since seen Musk take vindictive actions against entire teams, and seen his anti-immigrant attitudes including the desire to deport people illegally.
(Incidentally, another longtime Tesla exec who was fired at the same time as the whole Supercharger team, Daniel Ho, had previously praised Balan, saying “without creative engineers like you, this place would be just another car company”)
So, making deportation threats against immigrants does not seem out of character, despite Musk being a formerly “illegal” immigrant himself.
Either way, we look forward to hearing more about this case as it goes on, in the hopes that it can both elucidate more for the public what the real Elon Musk is like, and possibly do something to reduce, ever so slightly, the abuse of the arbitration system by companies.
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Mercedes’ best-selling SUV is about to go electric. The GLC EV will make its official debut in less than two months at IAA Mobility 2025 in Munich, where Mercedes-Benz will offer a glimpse of its upcoming models and much more.
When will the Mercedes GLC EV debut?
“We’re not just introducing a new model – we’re electrifying our top seller,” according to Mercedes-Benz Group CEO, Ola Källenius.
The GLC SUV remained the most popular Mercedes-Benz SUV in the US and globally through the first half of the year.
Mercedes has been hyping the GLC EV for some time now, releasing teaser images and “spy photos” of it testing in the frigid northern Swedish countryside. Earlier this month, CEO Ola Källenius gave us an exclusive preview of the electric SUV during a test drive.
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The luxury automaker claims the electric GLC “is the first of a whole new series of cars with elevated Mercedes-Benz iconic design,” adding it “presents a new face of the brand.”
According to Mercedes, it “embodies everything expected” from its top seller. The new model is “iconic, versatile, intuitive and smooth.” We will see it for the first time in less than two months.
Although it was expected, Mercedes confirmed for the first time on Monday that the all-new GLC EV will indeed debut at this year’s Munich Auto Show, which kicks off on September 9.
Mercedes says the event “begins an exciting new era” for the luxury brand with its biggest product launch ever. Alongside the electric GLC, Mercedes will hold the world premiere for the new CLA EV, CLA Shooting Brake, and Concept AMG GT XX.
The new electric Mercedes CLA (Source: Mercedes-Benz)
We will also get a sneak peek into the future of Mercedes-Benz vans with a camouflaged prototype of the electric VLE, which is set to launch in 2026.
Mercedes-Benz VAN.EA-P electric van testing in Sweden (Source: Mercedes-Benz)
At the show, Mercedes will showcase its latest tech like the new Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), Intelligent Cockpit, and more.
Visitors can also drive demo models to test out the self-driving tech (MB.DRIVE ASSIST PRO) firsthand. If you’re feeling up to it, you can also try out DRIVE PILOT, “the world’s fastest system for conditionally automated driving.” The system supports speeds of up to 95 km/h (59 mph).
Check back for more info closer to the event. Mercedes is expected to continue revealing new details leading up to the show.
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Cash App’s new Pools feature lets users set a group funding goal, name the pool, and invite contributors.
Courtesy: Cash App
Cash App is going on the offensive in peer-to-peer payments.
The Block-owned payments platform on Tuesday unveiled Pools, a new peer-to-peer feature designed to make group payments simple. It’s the company’s first major P2P product launch in nearly two years.
“This is the first time we’re going into out-of-network payments with Pools,” said Owen Jennings, Block’s head of business, referring to the feature’s ability to accept contributions via Apple Pay or Google Pay from people who aren’t on Cash App.
Pools allows users to create and manage a shared balance for group payments — whether splitting a dinner bill or collecting funds for a group trip. Contributions can be made through Cash App or via Apple Pay and Google Pay, which opens up the experience to users outside the app for the first time.
By sharing a Pool link, organizers can collect funds even from friends who don’t use Cash App, making out-of-network participation easier.
The launch comes as Cash App races to regain momentum in a high-stakes rivalry with Venmo, which has been steadily growing under new leadership at PayPal.
Read more CNBC tech news
PayPal reported its second-quarter results before the market opened Tuesday. Venmo had another knockout quarter, with revenue growing more than 20% year over year — its highest growth rate since 2023.
That followed a similarly strong first quarter where Venmo’s revenue growth doubled the pace of payment volume, driven by rising adoption of debit cards, instant transfers, and online checkout. The gains were fueled by heavier use of Venmo debit cards, instant transfers, and online checkout integrations. PayPal does not break out Venmo revenue.
For Block, the debut of Pools is a strategic reset. The company posted disappointing first-quarter results in May, missing revenue expectations and admitting it had lost focus on growing Cash App’s user base.
“Money is fundamentally social in nature,” Jennings said.
“We want Cash App to be the financial operating system for the next generation… to essentially be the money app where a customer can run their entire financial life,” added Jennings, who was previously Cash App’s chief operating officer.
That includes reinvesting in the peer-to-peer features that first made the app popular, and now aiming to make them more social and accessible — functionality that’s central to Cash App’s broader growth strategy.
Contributors can join a pool and send money through Cash App or external wallets like Apple Pay and Google Pay.
Courtesy: Cash App
Jennings said opening up access to Apple and Google accounts is an opportunity to get more active users and bring people into the ecosystem.
The company sees each non-user who contributes to a pool as a potential convert.
“This product is fundamentally geared at network expansion and improving the virality of our peer-to-peer products,” he added. “It’s the foundation of Cash App — it’s how Cash App started, but it’s also the growth engine that fuels everything else.”
Internally, the rollout represents a cultural shift at Block. The feature went from idea to launch in just a few months, driven by what Jennings described as “high velocity, high quality” development powered in part by internal AI tools like the company’s open-source assistant, Goose.
“The pace of development on this and our ability to get it in customers’ hands feels really different this year,” Jennings said. “Especially in the past three or four months, relative to how things felt about a year ago.”
He added that the shift isn’t unique to Block.
“You’ll probably broadly see that in the industry, where the pace of development is going to pick up as the marginal cost of a great line of code continues to fall. And this is just a great example of how we were able to move really fast.”
When a pool reaches its target, organizers can close it and transfer the collected funds directly into their Cash App balance.
Courtesy: Cash App
The launch also reflects CEO Jack Dorsey’s call to return Cash App to its core growth engine. On the company’s first-quarter earnings call, Dorsey acknowledged the platform’s recent underperformance
“I just don’t think we were focused enough and had enough attention on the network and the network density, and that is our foundation,” he said.
While Cash App continues to expand its banking and lending products — including its FDIC-approved Borrow program — Dorsey emphasized that the app’s success still hinges on peer-to-peer engagement.
“We of course want to deepen engagement with our customers through banking services and Borrow,” he said. “But at the same time, we need to make sure that we continuously grow our network, and that starts with peer-to-peer.”
Pools is designed to drive organic user growth — not direct revenue.
“We’re not looking at this from a profit maximization perspective,” Jennings said. “This is very geared at network expansion and getting back to a place where actives are growing at a healthy clip.”
The tool comes with built-in progress tracking, seamless integration with Cash App’s banking tools, and the ability for organizers to set a target amount and share a link to collect contributions.
Pools is currently available to a limited set of Cash App users, with a broader rollout expected in the coming months.For Block, it’s the start of what Jennings described as a new chapter — one focused on making money feel “more multiplayer.”
Chinese media outlet Dongchedi posted another massive test of automotive self-driving systems, testing many of the same cars as it did in the highway test we we reported on this weekend.
This time, the test covers various urban driving scenarios, where much more human carnage is possible due to the presence of vulnerable road users like pedestrians and two-wheelers. And given how poorly the cars did on the last test, you can guess how they might have done on this one – although, once again, Tesla fared rather well.
The last video tested 36 cars in 6 different scenarios, all on highway driving and intended to replicate plausible highway situations that might lead to a crash. The new video is a little shorter than the last one, but still hefty at just over an hour long. It’s also only available in Chinese, but helpfully with English subtitles.
This time, the group was trimmed down to 26 cars from 36, but 9 scenarios were tested instead of 6, leading to a total of 234 simulations.
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Dongchedi had the help of Chinese state media in making the test possible, and it shows in the extremely high production value of the videos, which it posted on its automotive Youtube channel DCARSTUDIO. Once again, we recommend a watch, because it’s very well made.
The innovation behind these videos is that, unlike most other crash tests that either happen in labs or on closed courses like racetracks, airport runways or parking lots, DCAR used actual public roads which were shut down for the purpose of testing.
Why does this matter? Well, we’re testing ADAS systems here, not just normal passive crash structures like crumple zones, or even emergency driver aids like automatic emergency braking.
And the thing about ADAS systems, particularly those with an end-to-end, “navigate-on-autopilot“-like feature where the car can follow directions and make lane changes, turns, merges and other road transitions for you, is that they can’t be activated on roads where there are no directions to be had. (this came up in discussions after the famous Mark Rober Wile E. Coyote video, which still had value even if it didn’t test Tesla’s end-to-end system)
So – you’ll never be able to test how an SAE Level 2 driver’s aid will respond in a real world situation if you don’t test it on real-world roads. That’s what DCAR set out to do, and the result is once again quite spectacular. (And as the same caveat as last time – these aren’t actually driverless systems, like Waymo’s Level 4 system, but rather driver’s aids that still require an attentive driver in the seat)
This time, DCAR shut down two different segments of road: a massive, complex roundabout and another segment of road with a few unsignaled intersections and a long straight.
The first four tests incorporated portions of this huge roundabout, which would be complex for human drivers, but in situations for which there is quite an obvious solution: don’t hit that car/pedestrian in front of you.
The five tests here consisted of:
1. A vehicle is stopped in the left lane at the entry to the roundabout, obscuring an oncoming car in the lane you are trying to merge into.
2. Trying to merge left through a line of cars, in order to make a left turn to escape to the center of the roundabout.
3. Driving through center road of roundabout, two scooters stop in the scooter lane to yield for 4 children, who run out in front of the car (this test was preceded by a sharp u-turn, and some vehicles failed to even enter the testing area as they disengaged during the turn).
4. A broken down car in the center lane of the roundabout, with a warning triangle set up.
Admittedly, this is quite a complicated roundabout and most of us looking at it (at least from here in the West) probably can’t read exactly what those lane markings mean at first. And the markings also confused some systems – but if you want to offer a self-driving system, you need to be able to handle the roads as they exist.
The SU7 Ultra didn’t crash on test 1 – because it got confused and stopped at the roundabout entry.
The second location centered around a few unsignaled intersections, with more situations that are dangerous but plausible. They went as follows:
5. Just a U-turn. That’s it. This is a freebie… right?
6. Going straight through an unsignaled T-intersection, with a car turning left into your lane in front of you, obscured by the driver’s A-pillar blind spot.
7. Driving straight, with a car reversing into your lane from a perpendicular parking spot or driveway.
8. Driving straight, a scooter emerges from a group of several scooters and changes lanes in front of you.
9. A sharp left at an intersection, with a scooter turning through the intersection in front of you, and a pedestrian in the crosswalk on the other side.
Each of the tests occurred at generally low speeds, which means systems should have had a lot of time to consider and apply brakes, and the brakes should be more effective than they might have been in higher-speed highway scenarios from the first video.
The Tesla Model 3 also avoided a collision – because it drove into the bike/pedestrian lane instead. On the 2nd try, it took the right way, and yielded in time to avoid a collision – though perhaps yielded a little too much, waiting for the whole roundabout to clear instead of just its own lane.
Despite the lower speeds, many of the cars tended to approach these tests with confidence and aggression, either refusing to yield at all or only yielding at the last moment, to the point where it almost seemed like luck that they avoided a collision. Some cars also exceeded the speed limit, making their job of avoiding a collision more difficult.
Six cars failed to turn left at the roundabout in Test 2, and ended up driving in circles forever instead. Other cars which succeeded this test were too aggressive, barreling into small spaces when they could have just waited.
Disturbingly, many of the cars wouldn’t even acknowledge it if they did get into a crash, and would continue on driving until DCAR’s (brave) human test driver and the host of the video intervened to end the test.
The Xpeng P7+ was one of 11 cars to hit the child mannequins in Test 3
Unlike the highway tests, the urban tests included other road users. The highway tests included a truck and one construction worker, but urban tests included scooter riders and children – common sights in cities, which should certainly be reflected in the training data that companies use machine learning to train their ADAS systems with.
Not all is bad – some cars noticed the children early and slowed pre-emptively, then stopped when the kids darted out.
And these are arguably much more important scenarios in terms of human safety. Highways are typically safer than urban driving, and one reason is because there aren’t pedestrians around, so if you hit someone, they’ll be protected by a big metal box that’s going roughly the same speed as you. With a pedestrian or scooter rider, there’s no protection, and often a much higher speed delta, which means higher danger.
Zeekr couldn’t even figure out the sharp right turn to get to test 3, and ended up in the bushes multiple times.
Even in situations where the cars should have had a clear view of these other road users, they failed to show the caution that should be required of cars sharing the road. A driver should know to pre-emptively be more cautious when there are pedestrians present – especially children. Certain vehicles did show this behavior, but many didn’t.
In the last of 9 tests, the Denza Z9 ran over a child mannequin, then continued driving off in a hit-and-run.
Interestingly, compared to the previous highway test, there was less inconsistency within vehicle brands this time around. Most of the vehicles that use similar solutions tended to show similar behaviors on the same test, even if those cars were from different brands – for example, the Luxeed R7 and AVATR 12 took second and third place in the overall standings, and both are equipped with Huawei’s ADS self-driving system.
The Toyota bZ3X hit both the scooter and the child in the final test.
And once again, Tesla did well in these tests, with the Model X taking the top spot, avoiding a collision in 8/9 tests. The one it failed was test 7, the reverse test, where it drove through at high speed clipping the rear of the car.
The Model 3 showed similar behavior on the reverse test, but also failed others (tests 2, 4, and 5), leaving it behind several other vehicles in the rankings. Which means that, if we average brand scores and rank brands, Avatr and Aito both had roughly similar performance brand-wide as Tesla did.
Both the Model 3 and Model X failed the reversing car test, clipping the back of it. It’s the only test the Model X failed.
But like last time, we have to give the caveat that these tests all happened in good weather – and all in the daytime, unlike the highway tests, some of which happened at night.
Vision-only systems like Tesla’s have a disadvantage at night and in inclement weather as compared to systems with LiDAR or radar, and those situations were not tested in this video. Nevertheless, Tesla still did better than other vision-only systems, and even those with more advanced sensing technology, which is impressive (though it was still prone to making weird decisions, like when it tried to take a bike lane above, and on the U-turn test below)
The Model 3 failed a simple U-Turn, going from the outside lane to the outside lane for some reason. But it did notice and avoid some sheep crossing the closed road, so that’s nice.
Zeekr performed among the worst, at it did in the highway tests. Xiaomi also had middling to disappointing results – it’s a driver’s car, though, so maybe drive it rather than letting the machines do it for you. The biggest drop in rankings was the Great Wall Motors Wey Lanshan, which was a top-performer on the highway and yet scored one of the worst in urban driving.
The simplest U-Turn test proved difficult for many cars, which demanded manual takeover and then just drove off the road when the driver didn’t intervene.
Once again, Carnewschina assembled a table of the results (scroll to the bottom, past the highway test results), which we link to here as a thanks for their work in sifting through DCAR’s Chinese graphics and turning it into a more legible format for English speakers.
Everyone had a different “solution” for the crashed car in test 4 – all cars avoided a collision, but many really didn’t understand what to do or where to go.
Collectively, these systems did about as bad as they did in the highway tests – a lot of simple scenarios were failed. The tests showed that these systems still get confused by relatively simple scenarios, and aren’t taking full advantage of the benefits in reaction time and all-around sensing that they should have with their many sensors and supercomputer systems to process them.
Test 8, a merging scooter, had a high, 62% failure rate, despite being one of the deadliest situations tested – and one where lots of training data should be available, given how common scooters are.
In particular, many of the tests involved situations where a driver’s eyes would have trouble anticipating a collision due to the A-pillar blind spot, something that should restrict a car’s sensing systems which can be placed so as to avoid blind spots. But many still failed to notice or react properly.
Test 6 should have been easy – just slow down a bit to avoid the car turning left. A-pillar obstruction should not affect the car’s sensors, as it would a driver’s eyes. But many cars refused to yield – even if this one was “the other car’s fault,” a simple brake tap would have avoided collision.
Like last video, DCAR interviewed Lu Guang Quan, from the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He once again pointed out that ADAS systems trained on machine learning can learn poor behaviors from the dataset, and these can be harder to correct than rule-based systems would be.
“End to end systems rely massively on samples,” said Lu. “iI their training data shows cars often ignoring the rule that vehicles inside a roundabout have the right of way, then the model learns to ignore it too.”
Cars showed poor etiquette – cutting across lane lines at the last moment, cutting in front of other cars, and stopping in pedestrian zones. One car would have racked up 6 points on its license in a single intersection, out of a possible 12 before license revocation under Chinese law.
DCAR noticed that the systems routinely broke basic traffic laws and showed poor driving etiquette. The systems “don’t have traffic laws built into their foundation, nor do they treat compliance as a top priority. It’s like no one ever taught them to follow the rules – and they didn’t learn it from user data either.” (We saw a real-world example of this when Tesla first released FSD in China, and one driver got 7 tickets in a single drive)
DCAR ended the video on a slightly positive note, stating “we do believe China’s homegrown brands will be able to reduce the risk in these scenarios through future OTA updates. For now, the safest approach is still human-machine co-driving, letting ADAS help reduce the risk of collision while the human driver remains ready to take over when the system reaches its limits.”
And we at Electrek will close similarly as we did in the last article – we continue to hope this is a reminder to everyone who has gotten comfortable with using these systems routinely. Urban environments are complex and the presence of vulnerable road users makes them much more dangerous.
Even though brands are offering ADAS that works on urban roads now, you still need to apply your full attention to the driving task while behind the wheel of one of these vehicles – even the best-performing Tesla FSD, which all of us who have used it (or who watched the video above) know is prone to weird decisions at times, even if those decisions don’t lead to a collision.
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