Pepper spray will now be used in young offender institutions – where the rate of assaults on staff is 14 times higher than in adult prisons.
Specially trained prison officers in England will be allowed to use PAVA, a synthetic pepper spray, “as a last resort” to help de-escalate and diffuse violent situations from this summer.
They will only be allowed to use the spray in limited circumstances where there is serious violence or an imminent risk of it taking place, and ministers will review its use after 12 months.
New figures show the rate of assaults in England’s three youth offender institutions is around 14 times higher than in adult prisons.
Assaults by children and young people on staff at HMYOI Feltham A, HMYOI Werrington and HMYOI Wetherby increased by nearly 25% in 2024 compared with the previous year.
The Ministry of Justice hopes allowing officers to use pepper spray will keep young people in custody safe so they can focus on rehabilitation and reduce reoffending.
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Image: The Feltham young offenders institution. Pic: PA
Minister for youth justice Sir Nic Dakin said: “This government inherited a criminal justice system in crisis.
“The unacceptable levels of violence faced by our brave frontline officers in young offender institutions is yet another symptom of that.
“This is not a decision we have made lightly, but our overarching duty is to keep staff and young people in custody safe.
“This spray is a vital tool to prevent serious violence, helping staff to focus on rehabilitation as part of our plan for change.”
Pepper spray is already used on children and adults in the community, and in adult prisons.
It can be used during the most serious incidents in youth offender institutions, but only by national tactical response officers, who are nationally based and have to be authorised to go into an institution by a prison gold commander.
Deploying officers can take more than an hour, and because altercations often arise rapidly and with little warning, they can rarely arrive in time to respond to the violence.
Image: A cell at HMYOI Wetherby. Pic: HMI Prisons
The number of young people in custody has fallen significantly in recent years, however, the majority in youth offender institutions are older teenage boys, aged 16 to 18 years old.
More than two-thirds are there for violent offences such as murder, attempted murder and grievous bodily harm.
Safety concerns have been rising, with recent incidents seeing young offenders seriously injured and staff experiencing fractures, dislocations, puncture wounds and lacerations.
Staff acting as body shields
A senior Ministry of Justice source told Sky News many of the boys are the same size as adults.
They said a recent example includes a boy being attacked last Monday by five other boys who stamped on his head and stabbed him with a handmade weapon.
“I’ve got staff here that are putting their bodies in the way to defend and try and prevent injuries happening to young people, and as a result of that they’re being injured themselves,” they said.
“I think that’s a prime example of where if we’ve got an incapacitant spray like PAVA it could be utilised effectively to defuse the situation and not only cause significant harm to my staff but also to young people.”
Like rubbing chillies in your eyes
The source explained the pepper spray has the same effect as if you rub chillies in your eye while cooking, with eyes experiencing a burning sensation, closing up, and producing tears and snot – “but it passes”.
They said when they tested the spray on themselves, it took 45 minutes to an hour to pass and people have different levels of discomfort and irritation.
“It means you physically can’t respond in the way you normally do, so that ability to then ask the staff to step in because that person is impacted by it is the crucial stuff,” they added.
For decades he was the dissident backbencher, then unlikely Labour leader. She was a firebrand left-wing Labour MP with a huge online presence. To the left – on paper – it looked like the perfect combination.
Coupled with the support of four other independent MPs, it held the blueprints of a credible party. But ever since the launch of Your Party (working title) the left-wing movement has faced mockery and exasperation over its inability to look organised.
First, we learned Jeremy Corbyn’s team had been unaware of the exact timing of Zarah Sultana’s announcement that she would quit the Labour Party. Then a much bigger row emerged when she launched a membership drive linking people to sign up to the party without the full consent of the team.
It laid bare the holes in the structure of the party and pulled focus away from its core values of trying to be a party to counter Labour and Reform UK, while also drawing out some pretty robust language from their only woman MP calling the grouping a “sexist boys club”. It gave the impression that she was being sidelined by the four other male MPs behind the scenes.
This week, they tried to come together for the first time at a rally I attended in Liverpool and then, in quick succession, another event at The World Transformed conference the day after. But not everyone I spoke to who turned up to see the two heroes of the left found them all that convincing.
Jeremy Corbyn admitted to me that “there were some errors made about announcements and that caused a problem”. He said he was disappointed but that “we’re past that”.
Image: Jeremy Corbyn and Zarah Sultana take part in a discussion on Your Party at The World Transformed conference in Manchester. Pic: PA
Zarah Sultana said they were like Liam and Noel, who managed to “patch things up and have a very successful tour – we are doing the same”.
The problem is, it didn’t really explain what happened, or how they resolved things behind the scenes, and for some, it might have done too much damage already.
Layla signed up as a member when she first saw the link. It was the moment she had been waiting for after becoming frustrated with Labour. But she told me she found the ordeal “very unprofessional, very dishonest and messy”, and said she doesn’t want to be in a disorganised party and has lost trust in where her money will end up. She’s now thinking about the Greens. She said their leader, Zack Polanski “seemed like such a strong politician” with “a lot of charisma”.
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Jeremy Corbyn’s back – with Zarah Sultana and a new party. But is it a real threat to Labour, or just political theatre?
Since Polanski’s rise to power as leader, the Green Party has surged in popularity. According to a recent poll, they went up four points in just one week (following their conference). Voters, particularly on the left, seem to like his brand of “eco populism”.
While he has politely declined formally working in conjunction with Your Party publicly, he has said the “door is always open” to collaboration especially as he sees common goals between the two parties. Zarah Sultana said this weekend though that the Greens don’t describe themselves as socialists and that they support NATO which she has dubbed an “imperialist war machine”.
While newer coalitions may not be the problem for now, internal fissures might come sooner than they expect. Voters at the rally this weekend came with pretty clear concerns about some of the other independent MPs involved in Your Party.
Image: The two heroes of the left fell out over a row over their party’s paid membership system
I asked Ayoub Khan if he considered himself left-wing. A question that would solicit a simple answer in a crowd like this. But he said his view was very simple, that he is interested in fighting for equality, fairness and justice: ‘We all know that different wards, different constituencies have different priorities and MPs should be allowed to represent the views of the communities they serve.” To him, that can sometimes mean voting against the private school tax and against decriminalising abortion.
The Your Party rally on Thursday night was packed, but the tone was subdued. People came full of optimism but they also wanted to make up their mind about the credibility of the new offering and to see the renewed reconciliation up close.
The organisers closed the evening off with John Lennon’s song, Imagine. That was apt, because until the party can get their act together, that’s all they’ll be doing.