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Federal tax credits are starting to waver under the current administration, but as of May 2025, you can still take advantage of up to $4,000 off the purchase of a used EV. If you’d rather not listed to me talk, you can skip right to all the BEVs and PHEVs that currently qualify by clicking here.

How the current tax credit works for used EVs

As part of revised terms in the Inflation Reduction Act signed by President Biden, federal tax credits have been extended (for now) and include revamped benefits for used EV purchases. That said, your used EV purchase must fit certain criteria to qualify for a credit up to $4,000. Per the IRS:

Beginning January 1, 2023, if you buy a qualified previously owned electric vehicle (EV) or fuel cell vehicle (FCV) from a licensed dealer for $25,000 or less, you may be eligible for a previously owned clean vehicle tax credit under Internal Revenue Code Section 25E.

Used EVs face terms that offer a credit equal to 30% of the sale price (up to $4,000). That should help consumers like yourselves get some change back in their pockets at the end of the fiscal year, as long as you stick to these terms as outlined by the IRS.

To qualify as a customer, you must:

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  • Be an individual who bought the vehicle for use and not for resale
  • Must be an individual (no businesses)
  • Not be the original owner
  • Not be claimed as a dependent on another person’s tax return
  • Not have claimed another used clean vehicle credit in the 3 years before the EV purchase date
  • Modified adjusted gross income must not exceed $75k for individuals, $112,500 for heads of households, and $150k for joint returns

Additionally, in order for used EV to qualify for federal tax credits, it must:

  • Have a sale price of $25,000 or less
  • Have a model year at least 2 years earlier than the calendar year when you buy it
    • For example, a vehicle purchased in 2023 would need a model year of 2021 or older
  • Not have already been transferred after August 16, 2022, to a qualified buyer
  • Have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 14,000 pounds
  • Be an eligible FCV or plug-in EV with a battery capacity of least 7 kilowatt hours (kWh)
  • Be for use primarily in the United States
  • Purchased from a certified dealer:
    • For qualified used EVs, the dealer reports required information to you at the time of sale and to the IRS
  • A used vehicle qualifies for tax credit only once in its lifetime
used EV tax credits

These used EVs qualify for credits as of May 2025

It’s important to note that this is not the end-all, be-all list of used EVs that qualify for tax credits in the US. As always, we recommend speaking with a tax professional and EV dealer directly to ensure what you and your new vehicle qualify for. Without further ado, here are the all-electric models that currently qualify:

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)

Make/Model/Year(s) Full Tax Credit
AUDI
e-tron (2019, 2021-2023) Up to $4,000
e-tron Sportback (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
BMW
i3 (60Ah) (2017) Up to $4,000
i3 (2014-2021) Up to $4,000
i3s (2018-2021) Up to $4,000
i4 Gran Coupe (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
i7 xDrive60 Sedan (2023) Up to $4,000
iX M60 (2023) Up to $4,000
iX xDrive50 (2022) Up to $4,000
BRIGHTDROP (GM)
Zevo 600 (2023) Up to $4,000
CADILLAC (GM)
LYRIQ (2023) Up to $4,000
CHEVROLET (GM)
Bolt (2017-2021) Up to $4,000
Bolt EV (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Bolt EUV (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Spark EV (2014-2016) Up to $4,000
FIAT
500e (2013-2019) Up to $4,000
FORD
E-Transit (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
F-150 Lightning Standard/Extended Range (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Focus Electric (2012-2018) Up to $4,000
Mustang Mach-E (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
GENESIS
Electrified G80 (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Electrified GV70 (2023) Up to $4,000
GV60 (2023) Up to $4,000
GMC (GM)
Hummer EV (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
HYUNDAI
IONIQ 5 (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
IONIQ 6 (2023) Up to $4,000
Ioniq BEV (2017-2021) Up to $4,000
Kona EV (2019-2022) Up to $4,000
Kona Electric (2023) Up to $4,000
JAGUAR
I-Pace (2019-2023) Up to $4,000
KIA
EV6 (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Niro EV (2019-2023) Up to $4,000
Soul EV (2015-2020) Up to $4,000
LUCID MOTORS
Air (all trims) (2022) Up to $4,000
MAZDA
MX-30 (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
MERCEDES-BENZ
B250e (B-Class) (2014-2017) Up to $4,000
EQB SUV (all trims) (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
EQE Sedan (all trims) (2023) Up to $4,000
EQE SUV (all trims) (2023) Up to $4,000
EQS Sedan (all trims) (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
EQS SUV (all trims) (2023) Up to $4,000
MINI
Cooper S E Hardtop (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
MITSUBISHI
i-MiEV (2012-2014, 2016-2017) Up to $4,000
NISSAN
Ariya (all trims) (2023) Up to $4,000
LEAF (all trims) (2011-2023) Up to $4,000
POLESTAR
Polestar 2 (2021-2022) Up to $4,000
PORSCHE
Taycan (all trims) (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
RIVIAN
EDV (2022) Up to $4,000
R1T (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
R1S (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
SMART USA
Cabrio EV (2013-2015, 2017-2018) Up to $4,000
Coupe EV (2013-2018) Up to $4,000
EQ Fortwo Cabrio (2019) Up to $4,000
EQ Fortwo Coupe (2019) Up to $4,000
SUBARU
Solterra (2023) Up to $4,000
TESLA
Cybertruck (2023) Up to $4,000
Model 3 (2017-2023) Up to $4,000
Model S (2012-2023) Up to $4,000
Model X (2016-2023) Up to $4,000
Model Y (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
Roadster (2009-2011) Up to $4,000
TOYOTA
RAV4 EV (2012-2014) Up to $4,000
VOLKSWAGEN
e-Golf (2015-2019) Up to $4,000
ID.4 (all trims) (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
VOLVO
C40 Recharge (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
XC40 Recharge (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
Updated by the IRS as of 1/6/2025
used ev tax credit
The BMW i3

Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)

Make/Model/Year(s) Full Tax Credit
AUDI
A3 e-tron/ultra (2016-2018) Up to $4,000
A7 55 TFSI e Quattro (2021-2022) Up to $4,000
A8L PHEV (2020) Up to $4,000
A8L 55 TFSI e Quattro (2021) Up to $4,000
A8L 60 TFSI e Quattro (2021) Up to $4,000
Q5 PHEV (2020) Up to $4,000
Q5 55 TFSI e Quattro (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
BENTLEY
Bentayga Hybrid SUV (2020-2021, 2023) Up to $4,000
Flying Spur Hybrid (2023) Up to $4,000
BMW
330e (2016-2018, 2021-2023) Up to $4,000
330e xDrive (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
530e/xDrive (2018-2023) Up to $4,000
740e (2017) Up to $4,000
740e xDrive (2018-209) Up to $4,000
745e xDrive (2020-2022) Up to $4,000
i3 Sedan with Range Extender (2014-2021) Up to $4,000
i3s Sedan with Range Extender (2018-2021) Up to $4,000
i8 (2014-2017) Up to $4,000
i8 Coupe/Roadster (2019-2020) Up to $4,000
X3 xDrive30e (2020-2021) Up to $4,000
X5 xDrive40e (2016-2018) Up to $4,000
X5 xDrive45e (2021-2022) Up to $4,000
XM (2023) Up to $4,000
CADILLAC (GM) Up to $4,000
CT6 (2017-2018) Up to $4,000
ELR (2014-2016) Up to $4,000
CHEVROLET (GM)
Volt (2011-2019) Up to $4,000
CHRYSLER
Pacifica PHEV (2017-2023) Up to $4,000
DODGE
Hornet PHEV (2023) Up to $4,000
FORD
C-Max Energi (2013-2017) Up to $4,000
Escape Plug-In Hybrid (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
Fusion Energi (2013-2020) Up to $4,000
HONDA
Clarity Plug-in Hybrid (2018-2021) Up to $4,000
HYUNDAI
Ioniq PHEV (2018-2022) Up to $4,000
Santa Fe PHEV (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Sonata PHEV (2016-2019) Up to $4,000
Tucson PHEV (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
JEEP
Grand Cherokee 4xe (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Wrangler 4xe (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
KIA
Niro PHEV (2018-2023) Up to $4,000
Optima PHEV (2017-2020) Up to $4,000
Sorento PHEV (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
Sportage PHEV (2023) Up to $4,000
LAND ROVER
Range Rover SE PHEV (2023) Up to $4,000
Range Rover Sport Autobiography PHEV (2023) Up to $4,000
LEXUS
NX PHEV (2022) Up to $4,000
LINCOLN
Aviator Grand Touring (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
Corsair Grand Touring (2021-2023) Up to $4,000
MERCEDES-BENZ
GLC350e 4Matic (2018-2019) Up to $4,000
GLC350e 4Matic EQ (2020) Up to $4,000
GLE550e 4Matic (2016-2018) Up to $4,000
S550e PHEV (2015-2017) Up to $4,000
S560e (2019-2020) Up to $4,000
S580 Sedan (2023) Up to $4,000
MINI
Cooper S E Countryman ALL4 (2018-2023) Up to $4,000
MITSUBISHI
Outlander PHEV (2018-2023) Up to $4,000
POLESTAR
Polestar 1 (2020-2021) Up to $4,000
PORSCHE
Cayenne E-Hybrid (all models) (2015-2023) Up to $4,000
Panamera E-Hybrid (all models) (2014-2016, 2018-2021) Up to $4,000
Panamera E-Hybrid (all models) (2022-2023) Up to $4,000
SUBARU
Crosstrek Hybrid (2022) Up to $4,000
Crosstrek Plug-In Hybrid (2019-2021) Up to $4,000
TOYOTA
Prius Prime PHEV (2017-2022) Up to $4,000
RAV4 Prime PHEV (2021-2022) Up to $4,000
VOLVO
S60 (2019-2023) Up to $4,000
S90 (2018-2023) Up to $4,000
V60 (2020-2023) Up to $4,000
XC60 (2018-2023) Up to $4,000
XC90 (2016-2023) Up to $4,000
Updated by the IRS as of 1/6/2025

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American energy sector set to invest $100B in battery storage by 2030

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American energy sector set to invest 0B in battery storage by 2030

Members of the US energy industry has committed to investing $100 billion over the next five years to build and buy American-made batteries for large, utility-scale deployments of battery energy storage systems (BESS).

Executives from the American Clean Power Association (ACP) and several utility company representatives said Tuesday that they were committed to a fivefold increase in active investments that could, according to the Association, lead to 100% American-made BESS projects – but that vision depends on both a streamlined permitting environment and predictable tax and trade policy, the ACP said.

This commitments “demonstrate what success can look like,” said ACP CEO Jason Grumet, adding that many industry players have been waiting in a sort of holding pattern until some long-term clarity develops around Trump’s tariff and trade policies. “There is a remarkable tension right now between probably the best fundamentals for investment in the energy sector that we’ve seen in a generation and the greatest amount of uncertainty that we’ve seen in a generation.”

Those fundamentals involve rapidly dropping battery costs with increasing density – and that efficiency improvement is coming with reliability, too, Hyundai joining Tesla (and others) in delivering batteries good for hundreds of thousands of miles of driving. The tension, of course, comes from the fact that most batteries, today, are made in Asia.

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Form Energy CEO Mateo Jaramillo says his company sources more than 80% of its battery content in the US and much of the rest from Europe and “non-China Asia.” And, while they’re working to re-shore even more, they remain exposed to heavily tariffed Chinese-made inputs.

Form eventually hopes to source raw iron from US mines in Michigan and Minnesota – and they’re not alone. Executives from other companies spoke up as well:

COVID-era disruptions across the global battery supply chain convinced Fluence that an energy storage market as robust as the United States’ needed a stronger domestic manufacturing base, Fluence Americas President John Zurancik said in the press briefing. The company’s U.S. investments are now bearing fruit as it expects to deliver its first U.S.-made lithium-iron-phosphate, or LFP, batteries this week for deployment later this year, he said.

Like Fluence, LG Energy Solution Vertech expects to significantly expand its U.S. manufacturing operations in 2025 and 2026. The South Korean battery powerhouse will adapt existing production lines at its Holland, Michigan, factory to deliver 16.5 GWh of stationary storage batteries this year and add 11 GWh of new capacity in 2026, its CEO said in a statement provided by ACP.

UTILITY DIVE

Even industry stalwarts like Wärtsilä have begun sourcing components for the container-based Quantum 3 BESS system we covered last summer from a geographically diverse set of suppliers, with manufacturing capacity across different regions of North America, Asia, and Europe. This should enable the company’s customers to take advantage of any local tax incentives while avoiding the kind of tariffs impacting global battery markets.

The ACP’s announcement adds about $85 billion to a set of “active investments” worth $10 billion to $15 billion, executives with the trade group said in a press briefing.

Electrek’s Take

250 MW Sierra Estrella BESS project in Avondale, AZ; via SRP.

Battery energy storage just makes sense – and it’s being leveraged in smart ways by companies like Zenobē, who are using smart BESS deployments to help hold down ratepayer costs while improving grid resilience and reliability. Volvo, too, is working to develop rapidly deployable BESS solutions that can support temporary job sites and disaster relief efforts.

Then there’s the rich people. Located in Abu Dhabi, the world’s largest storage project will feature a 5.2 GW solar PV plant coupled with a 19 gigawatt-hour (GWh) BESS. You can check that out here, then let us know what you think of all these projects in the comments.

SOURCE: Utility Dive; featured image via Wärtsilä.

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Smart charging, real cash: Ava wants to pay EV drivers to plug in

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Smart charging, real cash: Ava wants to pay EV drivers to plug in

Ava Community Energy just rolled out a new program in California that pays EV and plug-in hybrid drivers for charging their cars when electricity on the grid is cleaner and cheaper.

The new Ava SmartHome Charging program, launched in partnership with home energy analytics platform Optiwatt, offers up to $100 in incentives in the first year. And because the program helps shift home charging to lower-cost hours, Ava says drivers could save around $140 a year on their energy bills.

EV and PHEV owners who are Ava customers can download the Optiwatt app for free, connect their vehicle, and let the app handle the rest. The app uses an algorithm to automatically schedule charging when demand is low and more renewable energy is available, typically overnight or during off-peak hours.

“Ava is on a mission to provide 100% clean energy to our customers by 2030,” said CEO Howard Chang. “This new program helps us get there by giving people an easy way to charge on more renewable energy while simultaneously saving money.”

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Drivers who enroll get a $75 bonus for joining, and can earn an extra $25 per year if they stay enrolled. Optiwatt shifts charging to off-peak times, and it takes into account the customer’s individual schedules and preferences.

Casey Donahue, who founded Optiwatt, says this program is a win for everyone. “We can move a lot of energy use to cleaner, more affordable times by using smart algorithms and the growing EV base,” he said. “That benefits every Ava customer.”

The program is available to most EVs and plug-in hybrids. All it takes is signing up through the Optiwatt app (iOS, Android, or web) and completing a quick verification process. Savings and rewards start right away.

The Oakland-based not-for-profit public power provider aims to enroll at least 5,000 vehicles by the end of 2025. The company says this program is the first step in a broader virtual power plant (VPP) strategy. It’s powered by Lunar Energy’s Distributed Energy Resource Management System (DERMS) platform, Gridshare, which will help Ava coordinate energy from EVs, home batteries, and more.

Ava Community Energy was founded in 2018 and now serves 2 million people in Alameda County, California, and the cities of Tracy, Stockton, and Lathrop.

Read more: California now has nearly 50% more EV chargers than gas nozzles


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Your personalized solar quotes are easy to compare online and you’ll get access to unbiased Energy Advisers to help you every step of the way. Get started here. –trusted affiliate link*

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Jeep is teasing the new Grand Cherokee, but where’s the EV version of its best-selling SUV?

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Jeep is teasing the new Grand Cherokee, but where's the EV version of its best-selling SUV?

The Grand Cherokee is due for a refresh, and we just got our first look at it. Jeep claimed “the next chapter in the story of America’s best-selling full-size SUV begins” after releasing the first official images of the updated model. When will we see the Jeep Grand Cherokee as an EV?

2026 Jeep Grand Cherokee first look

Days after revealing the new Compass, Jeep is teasing another refreshed model, its best-selling Grand Cherokee.

Although it was the best-selling full-size SUV in the US last year, the Grand Cherokee is due for an update. The latest model was launched in 2021, but Jeep added a two-row version in 2022.

It remained Jeep’s top seller in the US last year with over 216,000 models sold, but sales were down 12% compared to 2023. It was also one of the best-selling plug-in hybrid (PHEV) vehicles, with over 27,500 4xe models

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Jeep is giving us our first official look at the updated 2026 Grand Cherokee, inside and out. The first image previews the front end, which features new LED headlights and a revamped seven-slot grille, similar to the new Compass.

The interior is restyled with a simplified setup and other minor infotainment and climate control display adjustments. The preview also shows an added passenger screen.

When will Jeep launch the Grand Cherokee EV?

Jeep will continue to assemble the updated SUV in Detroit. The new 2026 Jeep Grand Cherokee will be available as a two-row, three-row L, and a plug-in hybrid 4xe, but when will we see an EV version? The outgoing 4xe model is already one of the top three selling PHEVs in the US, so a fully electric version would make sense.

As part of its 2023 agreement with the UAW, Jeep revealed plans to launch the Grand Cherokee EV in 2027. It was scheduled to be built at the Detroit Assembly Complex, but plans have likely changed since then.

Jeep's-new-Compass-EV
New Jeep Compass EV (Source: Stellantis)

Jeep’s new Compass will be available as an EV, but only in Europe. At least for now. Stellantis halted operations at its Brampton Assembly plant earlier this year, where the Compass is built, as it “reassesses its product strategy in North America.”

For those in the US, Jeep currently offers one EV. The Wagoneer S (pictured on the left above), Jeep’s first global electric SUV, starts at $65,200 and has a range of up to 294 miles.

Later this year, Jeep is expected to launch the Recon EV (pictured on the right above), a rugged electric SUV like a Wrangler.

Jeep is currently offering employee pricing plus an extra $1,500 cash allowance on top of the $7,500 EV tax credit on 2025 Wagoneer S models. If you’re looking to snag some savings, you can use our link to find Jeep Wagoneer S models in your area today.

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