A three-year-old boy who was starved and buried in a garden by his parents became “invisible” to child services, a review has found.
Abiyah Yasharahyalah died in 2020 from a respiratory illness, worsened by severe malnourishment, rickets, anaemia and stunted growth caused by a “restricted” vegan diet.
A review of his family’s contact with authorities concluded that there was a lack of curiosity about how his parents’ culture and lifestyle might have impacted the toddler’s wellbeing.
Parents Tai and Naiyahmi Yasharahyalah were jailed for 24 and a half years and 19 and a half years, respectively, in December after being found guilty of perverting the course of justice, causing or allowing the death of a child, and child neglect.
Image: Naiyahmi and Tai Yasharahyalah arriving at court on 28 November 2024. Pic: PA
A judge said they had both “played a part in starving” Abiyah when it would have been obvious he needed medical care.
Tai and Naiyahmi, aged 42 and 43, shunned mainstream society and left their son’s body buried at their property in Handsworth, Birmingham, when they were evicted in March 2022, Coventry Crown Court heard.
Abiyah’s body was only found in December 2022, five days after his parents were arrested.
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London-born Tai, a medical genetics graduate who also used the first name Tai-Zamarai, and former shop worker Naiyahmi had “invented” a belief system featuring aspects of Igbo culture that Tai, who grew up in both Nigeria and Peckham in London, adapted to form a legal system he called “slick law”.
Their trial heard they lived off donations, at one point occupying a shipping container and at another a caravan in Glastonbury, Somerset.
‘Invisible and lost from professional view’
A review by Birmingham Safeguarding Children Partnership found that Abiyah “was only ever seen by a small number of professionals during his lifetime, and for a limited time only”.
“Parental resistance of advice, support or authority ultimately resulted in (Abiyah) becoming invisible and lost from professional view,” the report, published on Wednesday, stated.
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Moment police question parents over missing child
Health records show that Abiyah was seen by a health visitor in April 2026 shortly after he was born and again that May for a check-up.
This was followed by some contact with a local authority social worker in London in 2018, as well as four visits to a children’s centre in Birmingham, but “records of these contacts and interactions are very limited, reinforcing that there was very little insight into (Abiyah’s) existence, health of welfare”.
Police visited the Clarence Road property in Handsworth where Abiyah lived with his family in 2018 when he was alive, but “no details were recorded” about the boy, with his presence “almost invisible on review of records”, according to the review.
There was also “no exploration or curiosity” about Naiyahmi’s desire for a home birth with no medical intervention by Birmingham Community Health Care NHS Foundation Trust’s health visiting service, the review noted.
In March 2020, health visitor records said it had been mentioned at a safeguarding meeting that Abiyah had not been seen by them since his six-week assessment, as appointments at the one and two-year marks since his birth were not attended.
Additionally, Abiyah did not receive any routine immunisations. A follow-up inquiry was planned but never carried out, with the review stating that the COVID-19 lockdown starting that year likely contributed.
Image: Tai and Naiyahmi Yasharahyalah. Pic: West Midlands Police
‘General lack of knowledge’
Authorities coming into contact with the Yasharahyalahs showed a “general lack of knowledge or assessment of the parents’ belief systems”, which led to an “insufficient understanding about the impact on (Abiyah’s) care”, the review found.
It added that his parents’ behaviour “often distracted or diverted professional attention” away from his safety and welfare.
The review said that while social workers had been aware of the family’s culture and parents’ beliefs and lifestyle, they appeared not to have considered how this would impact Abiyah’s safety and wellbeing.
It warned that “the safeguarding of children being impacted by harmful cultural practice is paramount”.
Social workers needed to be “confident to ask questions about different cultures and belief systems without fear of being perceived as discriminatory”, the report stated, while highlighting that navigating race, ethnicity, culture and habits “can be challenging”.
Image: Tai and Naiyahmi Yasharahyalah. Pics: West Midlands Police
Abiyah’s mother, who took part in the review, said she had believed she was “doing the right thing at the time” for her son based on her cultural beliefs, but that she now wished she had done more research about diet and healthcare.
The report recommends that workforce guidance be looked at to ensure it “supports effective assessment and intervention which safeguards those children that become hidden from professional sight and/or when parents choose to live an alternative, or more off-grid lifestyle”.
Annie Hudson, chair of the child safeguarding practice review panel, said the review highlighted “how Abiyah became invisible and lost from the view and oversight of professionals”.
She added: “It evidences strongly the paramount importance of understanding what life is like for children, and not being distracted or diverted away by parental behaviour when considering children’s safety and welfare.”
Sir Keir Starmer and Rachel Reeves have hinted at tax rises to come when the chancellor delivers the budget later this month.
In a Downing Street speech this morning, Ms Reeves will address “speculation” that an increase in income tax will be announced during the highly-anticipated statement on 26 November.
Sky News political editor Beth Rigbysaid it was “highly unusual” for the chancellor to make such a speech, but the Treasury believes she must “try to prepare the ground and make the argument for another big tax-raising budget”.
“I will make the choices necessary to deliver strong foundations for our economy – for this year, and years to come,” Ms Reeves will say.
Last night, Sir Keir gave Labour MPs a taste of what’s to come by warning of the need for “tough but fair” decisions.
Speaking at a party meeting in Westminster, he said the budget “takes place against a difficult economic backdrop”.
“It’s becoming clearer the long-term impact of Tory austerity, their botched Brexit deal and the pandemic on Britain’s productivity is worse than even we feared,” the prime minister said.
“Faced with that, we will make the tough but fair decisions to renew our country and build it for the long term.”
Starmer and Reeves know how hard this is going to be
I don’t need to tell you how difficult and contested this is going to be.
Only a year ago, the chancellor unveiled the biggest tax-raising budget since 1993 and said it was a “once in a parliament event”.
MPs will be fearing a massive backlash should manifesto promises on not raising income tax (and VAT and national insurance) for working people be broken.
Government figures know how hard it’s going to be but argue the chancellor has to level with the public about the hard choices ahead and what is driving her decision-making.
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Will Labour raise taxes?
The PM and chancellor’s warnings come after reports suggested the Office for Budget Responsibility is expected to downgrade its productivity growth forecast for the UK by about 0.3 percentage points.
That would leave Ms Reeves with a larger than expected fiscal black hole to fill, possibly up to £30bn.
The thinktank, which used to be headed by Torsten Bell, a Labour MP who is now a key aide to Ms Reeves and a pensions minister, said the move would raise vital cash while protecting working people.
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A promise-breaking budget?
Reeves to prioritise NHS and cost of living
Giving a further flavour of what to expect, Ms Reeves will this morning vow to make “important choices that will shape our economy for years to come”.
“It is important that people understand the circumstances we are facing, the principles guiding my choices – and why I believe they will be the right choices for the country,” she will add.
Ms Reeves will say her priorities are cutting national debt, easing the cost of living and protecting the NHS.
“It will be a budget led by this government’s values,” she’s set to say.
“Of fairness and opportunity and focused squarely on the priorities of the British people: protecting our NHS, reducing our national debt and improving the cost of living.”
A 32-year-old man has been charged with 10 counts of attempted murder after a mass stabbing on a high-speed train.
Anthony Williams, 32, from Peterborough, was arrested on Saturday evening following an attack on the Doncaster to London King’s Cross LNER service.
He has been charged with 10 counts of attempted murder, one count of actual bodily harm and one count of possession of a bladed article following a knife attack on a train in Cambridgeshire on Saturday, British Transport Police (BTP) said.
BTP said he has also been charged with another count of attempted murder and possession of a bladed article in connection with an incident on a London train in the early hours of 1 November.
Police said a victim suffered facial injuries after being attacked at 12.46am with a knife on a train at Pontoon Dock station on the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in east London.
In a statement to Sky News, BTP said the suspect had left the location before police arrived and officers subsequently identified Williams as a suspect.
Williams will appear at Peterborough Magistrates on Monday morning, police said.
Armed police were deployed to Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, where the train was stopped and made the arrest within eight minutes of the first 999 call.
Image: Forensic teams gathering evidence at Huntingdon train station on Sunday, after a mass train stabbing. Pic: PA
Footage of the arrest has emerged, showing a man on the ground surrounded by officers and a barking police dog, with the sound of a Taser being deployed.
Another man, 35, from London, who was also detained, was later released after officers established he was not involved.
On Monday, Transport Secretary Heidi Alexander told Sky News that one man, originally suffering life-threatening injuries, was now in a critical but stable condition in hospital.
She toldMornings with Ridge and Frost programme: “He went in to do his job, and he left work a hero. And there are people who are alive today because of his actions and his bravery.”
On Sunday, British Transport Police (BTP) confirmed he was a member of LNER rail staff who tried to stop the attacker.
“Having viewed the CCTV from the train, the actions of the member of rail staff were nothing short of heroic and undoubtedly saved people’s lives,” said BTP Deputy Chief Constable (DCC) Stuart Cundy.
The train driver, named as Andrew Johnson, has also been hailed as “courageous” for his actions during the stabbings.
Following the announcement about the charges on Monday, DCC Cundy warned against anyone interfering with their ongoing investigation.
“Our investigation is also looking at other possible linked offences. Following the charges authorised by the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) I would stress the importance of not saying or publishing anything which might jeopardise or prejudice ongoing criminal proceedings, or the integrity of the investigation.”
Ms Alexander also told Sky News that BTP would be “increasing the visible patrols at stations” over the next few days.
“But generally, our trains are some of the most safest forms of public transport anywhere in the world,” she added.
Image: Armed police officers on patrol at St Pancras International station on Monday morning. Pic: PA
Tracy Easton, chief crown prosecutor for CPS Direct, said: “Our team of out-of-hours prosecutors worked to establish that there is sufficient evidence to bring the case to trial and it is in the public interest to pursue criminal proceedings.
“We worked closely with British Transport Police to review a huge volume of evidence including CCTV. The number of charges will be kept under review as this continues to progress.
“We know the devastating impact the events on Saturday’s train has had and how the incident shocked the entire country. Our thoughts remain with all those affected.”
A pregnant British teenager has been released from jail in Georgia after being held on drug smuggling charges.
Bella May Culley, 19, of Billingham, County Durham, was arrested in May at Tbilisi Airport and accused of attempting to smuggle 12kg of marijuana and 2kg of hashish into the country.
She was found guilty by a Georgian court on Monday and sentenced to five months and 25 days in prison, the total time she had already spent in custody. Her family also paid a 500,000 lari (about £138,000) as part of a plea deal aimed at reducing her sentence.
Culley and her mother, Lyanne Kennedy, both cried as the verdict was read.
Wearing a cream blazer, the teenager looked overwhelmed as she was released from custody on Monday.
Asked how she felt, she said she was “happy” and told reporters she did not expect to be freed.
Image: Bella Culley at an earlier court hearing in May. Pic: RUSTAVI 2/AP
Culley’s mother held her daughter’s hand as she was released.
Georgian prosecutors were considering a two-year sentence, but “decided to consider the time she has already served,” case prosecutor Vakhtang Tsalughelashvili told The Associated Press.
Culley’s lawyer, Malkhaz Salakhaia, said she would be given her passport and would be free to leave the country on Monday.
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Police footage released in May showed Culley in handcuffs as she made an initial court appearance. Pic: AP
The teenager pleaded not guilty to the charges after her arrest, saying she was tortured in Thailand and forced to carry the drugs.
Culley initially pleaded not guilty at a hearing in July to possession and trafficking illegal drugs.
She initially faced a maximum penalty of up to 15 years or life imprisonment, but was in talks with prosecutors about a potential plea bargain.
Image: Bella Culley walks with her mother, Lyanne Kennedy, following her release. Pic: Reuters
In Georgia, a nation of 3.7 million in the South Caucasus, the law allows for financial plea agreements that can be reached to reduce or eliminate a prison sentence in certain cases.
Such plea agreements are often obtained in drug-related cases.
Culley was reported missing in Thailand before her arrest at Tbilisi Airport on May 10.