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China’s status as a military superpower was on full display as Beijing marked the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War.

Tens of thousands of troops, tanks and armoured vehicles moved through Tiananmen Square on Wednesday, along with a fearsome array of missiles. Fighter jets soared overhead.

While ostensibly a day to mark the decades since the end of the world’s biggest war, it’s clear that Xi Jinping was looking towards the future in the message he sent to the West.

“They want to advertise to the world that they’re doing old and new,” military analyst Michael Clarke told Sky News. “So they were showing the enormity of what they’ve got in in traditional terms, but also some of the new things.”

Indeed, the event featured many weapons and equipment that had never been seen in public before.

In this story, Sky News looks at what units and military hardware were on display in the Chinese capital.

Flags flutter as soldiers participate in a military parade to mark the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Pic: Reuters
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Flags flutter as soldiers participate in a military parade to mark the 80th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Pic: Reuters

Land forces

Huge numbers of soldiers from various wings of China’s armed forces made up the bulk of the parade, marching in perfect lockstep in neat rows.

As well as the traditional elements from the army and navy, the procession also featured newer pieces like the cyberspace unit.

The new unit is in charge of cybersecurity defence measures, the Xinhua state news agency says, and also took part in live-fire drills.

Another new unit was the information support force, which was created in 2024 to build network information systems to support military combat readiness.

Tanks as part of the military parade
Image:
Tanks as part of the military parade

Nuclear triad on display for the first time

Also rolling through the square were an array of missiles, including those that form China’s strategic nuclear capability.

For the first time, Beijing unveiled its nuclear triad of air, land and sea-based missiles.

This included the JL-1 air-based long-range missile, JL-3 submarine-launched intercontinental missile, DF-61 land-based intercontinental missile, and the new type DF-31 land-based intercontinental missile.

The weapons are China’s strategic “ace” power to safeguard the country’s sovereignty and nation’s dignity, according to Xinhua.

China is one of four countries known to possess a nuclear triad, along with the US, Russia and India.

YJ-17 hypersonic anti-ship missiles. Pic: Reuters
Image:
YJ-17 hypersonic anti-ship missiles. Pic: Reuters

Other missiles on display included hypersonic anti-ship missiles that China has previously tested against mockups of US aircraft carriers, such as the Yingji-19, Yingji-17 and Yingji-20.

“These are designed to frighten the United States,” Mr Clarke says, with reference to the Pacific Ocean where US warships patrol from their 7th Fleet headquarters in Japan.

Read more:
Analysis: President Xi’s message to the West
How China’s parade compares to other military spectacles

Drones and robot wolves

China also put a number of its unmanned weapon systems on display, evidence of the changing nature of modern warfare.

Arguably the most interesting were the so-called ‘robot wolves’.

'Robot wolves' carried on vehicles
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‘Robot wolves’ carried on vehicles

There were also underwater drones such as the AJX002, a long, black tube-shaped craft that looks like a narrow submarine with a rear propeller.

The military also showed off unmanned helicopters that are designed to be launched from ships.

Air-defence laser weapons that have been recently developed. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Air-defence laser weapons that have been recently developed. Pic: Reuters

Like other militaries, China has also been developing laser weapons to defend against drone attacks – one of which was on display today as well.

As attack drones get more advanced – and numerous – a counter drive to develop cheaper ways of shooting them down is ongoing.

“The one that they kept under wraps was this laser gun,” Mr Clarke said. “It was all under tarpaulin in the rehearsals – and suddenly there it was. It was like a big searchlight on a vehicle.

“Laser guns, despite James Bond films, are not quite as ground-breaking as people think, but there it was: a new laser gun.”

Air force

Beijing has developed a number of advanced aircraft in recent years, and several of them were on display on Wednesday.

Soaring above the parade were China’s two fifth-generation fighter jets, the Chengdu J-20 and Shenyang J-35A.

J-16D, J-20, and J-35A fighter jets fly over Tiananmen Square. Pic: Reuters
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J-16D, J-20, and J-35A fighter jets fly over Tiananmen Square. Pic: Reuters

Both have stealth capabilities and are designed to try to rival the US air force’s F-35 jet.

China has two of the five fifth-generation fighter jets currently known to operate globally. The others are the American F-35 (also operated by the UK and other allies) and F-22, as well as the Russian Su-57.

China showing off its range – and numbers

“What they’re showing here is that they’ve got a full panoply of weapons systems,” Mr Clarke says, pointing to the various land, sea and air assets.

“Whether they can link them together in combined arms warfare, we don’t know, because they haven’t fought a major war since the 1950s… but on paper it’s extremely impressive.”

He added: “It’s not as big as the American military yet, but it certainly rivals it. And it certainly worries American military planners.”

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British couple killed in Lisbon funicular crash named

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British couple killed in Lisbon funicular crash named

Two of the three Britons killed in the Lisbon funicular crash have been named.

Kayleigh Smith, 36, and William Nelson, 44, were a couple and died alongside 14 others in Wednesday’s incident.

Ms Smith graduated from the Arden School of Theatre in Manchester, where Mr Nelson ran the master’s degree in directing.

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Lisbon crash: What happened?

The identity of the third British victim has not yet been confirmed.

MADS theatre in Macclesfield, Cheshire, said Ms Smith was a “valued member of our society” who will be “greatly missed”.

It said she was an award-winning director and actress, who had also done multiple crew and front-of-house roles.

Five Portuguese citizens died when the packed carriage plummeted out of control – four of them workers at a charity on the hill – but most victims were foreigners.

Police said the other fatalities were two Canadians, two South Koreans, one American, one French citizen, one Swiss and one Ukrainian.

All but one were declared dead at the scene – and 21 others in the packed carriage were injured.

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‘We felt no brakes anymore’

The yellow carriages of the Gloria funicular are a big draw for tourists, as well as a proud symbol of the Portuguese capital.

The journey is just 265m (870ft) up a steep hill and takes three minutes, with two carriages travelling in opposite directions on a linked cable.

Read more:
Everything we know about the Lisbon crash

Witnesses reported seeing one of the carriages hurtle down the hill before derailing and crashing 30m from the bottom.

The aftermath shows it crumpled and twisted against the side of a building.

People who were in the bottom carriage said they were a few metres into the climb when it started going backwards.

When they saw the other car speeding towards them, many jumped through the windows to escape.

The crash happened around 6pm on Wednesday. Pic: Reuters
Image:
The crash happened around 6pm on Wednesday. Pic: Reuters

Prime Minister Luis Montenegro called the crash “one of the biggest tragedies of our recent past” and authorities are under intense pressure to quickly identifying the cause.

One witness who was in the lower carriage told Sky’s Europe correspondent Alistair Bunkall that the brakes appeared to fail.

The carriage’s brakeman, Andre Marques, has also been confirmed among the dead.

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‘I screamed, we’re all going to die’

Officials said the streetcar, which has been running since 1914, had a half-hour visual inspection every day and underwent full maintenance last year.

The line links the downtown area near Restauradores Square with Lisbon’s Bairro Alto neighbourhood.

A preliminary technical report due on Friday has now been delayed until Saturday. Another report with a broader scope is expected within 45 days.

Three other funicular lines in Lisbon have been suspended.

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Vladimir Putin sends grave warning to Ukraine’s allies over Western troop deployment

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Vladimir Putin sends grave warning to Ukraine's allies over Western troop deployment

Russian President Vladimir Putin has said any foreign troops operating as part of a peacekeeping force in Ukraine would be considered a “legitimate target” by Moscow.

It comes a day after French President Emmanuel Macron said 26 of Ukraine’s allies had formally committed to deploying troops “by land, sea or air” to help guarantee Kyiv’s security the day after any ceasefire or peace is achieved.

Mr Macron stressed any troops would be deployed to prevent “any new major aggression” and not at the frontline, adding the force does “not have the will or the objective of waging war against Russia”.

Mr Putin quickly poured cold water on the proposals when speaking at an economic forum in Russia’s eastern Vladivostok region on Friday.

Directly responding to Mr Macron’s comments, he said: “If any troops appear there, especially now, during military operations, we proceed from the fact that these will be legitimate targets for their destruction.

“And if decisions are reached that lead to peace, to long-term peace, then I simply do not see any sense in their presence on the territory of Ukraine, full stop.”

Russia has long argued that one of its reasons for going to war in Ukraine was to prevent NATO from admitting Kyiv as a member and placing its forces in Ukraine.

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Speaking today, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said it was important that security guarantees “start working now, during the war, and not only after it ends”.

On Thursday, NATO chief Mark Rutte said Russia had no veto on Western troops being deployed to Ukraine: “Why are we interested in what Russia thinks about troops in Ukraine? It’s a sovereign country. It’s not for them to decide.”

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Our Moscow correspondent Ivor Bennett reveals the that three things Vladimir Putin’s warning to foreign peacekeeping troops in Ukraine reveals.

‘Please come to Moscow’

Mr Putin also addressed the chances of a direct meeting between himself and Mr Zelesnkyy aimed at ending the war.

Such a proposal looked positive after the Russian met Donald Trump in Alaska last month, but Mr Putin said on Friday he did not see much point in such a meeting because “it will be practically impossible to reach an agreement with the Ukrainian side on key issues”.

However, he reiterated an offer he made earlier this week to host Mr Zelenskyy for talks in Moscow, which Ukraine’s defence minister previously declared as “knowingly unacceptable”.

“I said: ‘I’m ready, please, come, we will definitely provide working conditions and security, a 100% guarantee’,” Mr Putin said.

Russian President Vladimir Putin visits an interactive exhibition in Vladivostok. Pic: Sputnik/Reuters
Image:
Russian President Vladimir Putin visits an interactive exhibition in Vladivostok. Pic: Sputnik/Reuters

“But if they tell us: ‘we want to meet with you, but you have to go somewhere else for this meeting’, it seems to me that these are simply excessive requests on us.”

Speaking at a news conference in Paris on Thursday, Mr Zelenskyy said US mediators informed him about Mr Putin’s invitation.

“Our American partners told us that Putin invited me to Moscow, and I believe that if you want to avoid a meeting, you should invite me to Moscow,” he said.

However, he said the fact that the issue of organising a meeting arose was “not bad”.

Drone strikes continue

While talks to end the war continue at a diplomatic level, more heavy drone strikes were recorded across Ukraine.

Kyiv’s air force said Moscow attacked Ukraine overnight with 157 strike and decoy drones, as well as seven missiles of various types.

Air defences shot down or jammed 121 of the drones, it said, but 35 drones and seven missiles still struck 10 locations.

Russian drone attack damages houses in Dnipro. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Russian drone attack damages houses in Dnipro. Pic: Reuters

Russian drone attack damages houses in Dnipro. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Russian drone attack damages houses in Dnipro. Pic: Reuters

Elsewhere, Russian troops destroyed 92 Ukrainian drones overnight, according to its defence ministry.

Local social media channels in the city of Ryazan, approximately 200 kilometres (125 miles) southeast of Moscow, reported that the city’s Rosneft oil refinery had been targeted. Ryazan’s regional governor said that drone debris had fallen on an “industrial enterprise” but did not give further details.

Ukraine has stepped up attacks on Russian oil infrastructure that it says fuels Moscow’s war effort in recent months.

Military analyst Professor Michael Clarke said Ukraine’s campaign on Russia’s oil refineries has been a successful one so far, but doubts it will hurt Moscow’s war machine too much.

“Will that directly affect the war? Probably not. Because the Russian military runs on diesel,” he said.

“It filters through to the war in the sense that it inconveniences and bothers the Russians and reminds the Russian population that this war has a cost to them as well.”

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Two hostages shown in Hamas video – as Israel strikes high-rise building in Gaza City

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Two hostages shown in Hamas video - as Israel strikes high-rise building in Gaza City

Hamas has released a video showing two Israeli hostages, one of whom says he is being held in Gaza City, where the IDF has launched a major offensive.

Guy Gilboa-Dalal and Alon Ohel were kidnapped during the October 2023 massacre and are two of 48 captives still believed to be held by Hamas, with 20 thought to still be alive.

Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has ordered his military to occupy the whole of Gaza, with troops and armour currently assaulting Gaza City, where around a million people lived before the war broke out.

On Friday, the IDF bombed a high-rise building in the city’s west that – without providing evidence – it said was being used by Hamas. The military claimed that civilians were warned beforehand.

Pictures from Gaza City show Palestinians running for safety as the building collapses.

Guy Gilboa-Dalal (right) and Alon Ohel. Pics: Bring Them Home Now
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Guy Gilboa-Dalal (right) and Alon Ohel. Pics: Bring Them Home Now

Hostages appear in video released by Hamas

The video was edited and featured an exhausted-looking Mr Gilboa-Dalal speaking for around three-and-a-half minutes.

More on Gaza

He appears in a car for some of the video and says that he is being held in Gaza City along with other hostages.

He says that he is afraid of being killed by Israel’s latest assault.

The video is dated 28 August. Sky News could not independently determine the date of recording.

Palestinians inspect the site of an Israeli strike on a tent, outside al Shifa Hospital, in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters
Image:
Palestinians inspect the site of an Israeli strike on a tent, outside al Shifa Hospital, in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters

Mr Gilboa-Dalal appears to be in the backseat of a car that is being driven around. At one point, he identifies a passing building as one belonging to the Red Cross.

Hamas has refused to allow the Red Cross to see the hostages.

At one point, Mr Ohel, 24, is also seen.

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Israeli strike hits Gaza displacement camp

Family mark ‘sign of life’

In a statement, Mr Gilboa-Dalal’s family said: “We have received a sign of life from our Guy after six months since the previous video in which he was seen with Evyatar David watching their friends being released.

“Guy, Alon, and other hostages were transferred to Gaza, and we are deeply concerned for their lives. They must be brought home.”

But talks between Israel and Hamas via mediators – aimed at stopping the fighting and freeing the hostages – collapsed in July.

After the release of the video, Israeli opposition leader Yair Lapid urged Israeli negotiators to resume talks on a deal to free the hostages.

Read more:
Anger over Israeli president’s visit to UK

A diary of daily life in Gaza

Smoke rises as a building hit by an Israeli air strike collapses in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters
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Smoke rises as a building hit by an Israeli air strike collapses in Gaza City. Pic: Reuters

Strike on high-rise building

The release of the hostage video comes as the Israeli military continues its attack on Gaza City, where residents say it bombed a high-rise tower on Friday.

The building’s management said it was being used for displaced people and denied it had been used for anything other than civilian purposes.

Footage of the strike showed the building collapsing and sending thick clouds of smoke billowing over nearby tent camps.

Father-of-two Ismail, from the city’s Sheikh Radwan neighbourhood, told Reuters that his family feared they would not be able to return if they fled.

“We pray for a ceasefire,” he said.

More than 64,000 Palestinians have been killed in the Gaza Strip since the war began, Gaza health authorities say.

The war was sparked by Hamas’ attack on Israel, when militants killed 1,200 people and took around 250 hostages.

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