Standing hundreds of feet above ground, wind turbines — like tall trees, buildings, and telephone poles — are easy targets for lightning. Just by virtue of their height, they will get struck.
Lightning protection systems exist for conventional wind turbine blades. But protection was needed for blades made from a new type of material—thermoplastic resin composites — and manufactured using an innovative thermal (heat-based) welding process developed by scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL).
Thermoplastic materials, like plastic bottles, can be more easily recycled than the thermoset materials commonly used to make wind turbine blades today. While thermoset materials need to be heated to cure, thermoplastics cure at room temperature, which reduces both blade manufacturing times and costs.
NREL’s patent-pending thermal welding process for thermoplastic blades allows for these benefits and even adds to them by replacing the adhesives currently used to bond blade components. The use of welding instead of adhesives eliminates the downsides of added weight and cracking potential.
While thermal welding offers benefits, it also requires adding within the blade a metal heating element — which can attract lightning. As a result, a team of NREL researchers led by Robynne Murray and supported by General Electric (GE) and LM Wind Power (a GE subsidiary) invented a new lightning protection system to keep the novel thermoplastic materials safe.
Thermal Welding Goes for the Patent
In 2018, Robynne Murray, an NREL engineer who specializes in advanced manufacturing methods and materials for wind turbine blades, received a two-year NREL Laboratory Directed Research and Development award to research thermal welding of thermoplastic wind turbine blades.
To make one of these new blades, a vacuum pulls liquid thermoplastic resin into the fiberglass material that is placed in a mold for each blade half. To weld the blade halves together, scientists sandwich a conductive material — such as an expanded metal foil or carbon fiber — between the two blade components and attach a wire to a power source. This creates the heating element. As current flows through this element, the thermoplastic materials melt. Once they are melted, the current is switched off and the bond cools under pressure.
Murray’s research demonstrated that thermal welding can effectively bond thermoplastic wind turbine blade segments. She submitted a patent application on the process in 2018.
A Pathway for Lightning
Thermal welding works. But it leaves the conductive heating element, which can attract lightning, within the blade.
“Thermal welding is an important step in the progression of commercializing thermoplastic materials for wind blades, but what happens when lightning strikes a thermal-welded blade? That was an unanswered question and a big concern,” Murray said. “For thermal welding of thermoplastic blades to become commercially viable, it is critical that the conductive bond lines be protected from a lightning strike.”
Partnering with GE and LM Wind Power, Murray submitted a research proposal to the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Technology Commercialization Fund (TCF). TCF awards are designed to advance technology developed at national laboratories toward commercialization while encouraging lab-industry partnerships.
“With our partnership with GE, a company that can take the thermal welding process to commercialization, our TCF was a strong proposal,” Murray said. “Together, we wanted to determine whether we can protect these blades from lightning strikes and eliminate a big reason to stop us from using the technology.”
In 2019, the team received $150,000 in TCF funding; GE matched that amount.
The research partners set up shop in NREL’s Composites Manufacturing Education and Technology (CoMET) Facility to demonstrate that thermoplastic blades sealed using thermal welding can be protected from lightning strikes.
The team infused an expanded aluminum foil into the blade skin to divert lightning current away from the metal heating elements. They then completed experiments using a simulation that showed that a lightning strike would not cause blade failure with the lightning protection system in place.
Lightning protection To build a lightning shield for their innovative wind turbine blade design, the research team added an expanded aluminum foil layer (left) and a carbon-fiber heating element at the bond lines (right) to enable thermal welding of the blade parts. Photos by NREL
Lightning strike. Researchers used a lightning simulation technique to see where lightning might strike the blade and found that, typically, electricity hit the tip of the blade or one of the edges—but not inside the blade or welded seams where it could cause excessive damage. Photo by NREL
Physical damage tests — which subject the blades to high currents of electricity — demonstrated that about 80% of the electric current went into the expanded aluminum foil layer for lightning protection and not into the blade skin. The carbon fiber beneath the damaged area of the tip was also unscathed.
The research confirmed the design can protect wind turbine blades against failure caused by lightning strikes.
“LM Wind Power and GE Research were excited to work with NREL on the development of this technology and appreciated the support by DOE’s Technology Commercialization Fund. Thermal welding technology for thermoplastic, recyclable wind blades offers a significant opportunity to impact the sustainability and carbon footprint of wind blade structures,” said James Martin, director of blade platform deployment for LM Wind Power. “NREL’s focus on mitigating the lightning damage risks associated with the electrically conductive elements in the welded bond is a key challenge to be overcome, and their work has helped mature the technology toward potential commercialization.”
Still More Questions To Answer
The project has already delivered two strikes against lightning. Murray’s work developing a market-ready thermal welding system, however, is still at bat.
“We answered the question about lightning. But there are more questions to answer and more work to be done,” Murray said. “The next step for us is to do structural validation of thermally welded blade bond lines and blade tip segments. I hope we can do this in the next year or so.”
The new Chevy Bolt EV is set to enter production later this year, with one fewer shift, following GM’s reduction in production plans at several US plants. Apart from the Bolt, GM promised a new family of affordable EVs. Are those, too, now at risk?
GM says more affordable EVs are coming, but when?
GM remained the number two EV maker in the US after back-to-back record sales months in July and August. However, with the $7,500 federal tax credit set to expire at the end of the month, the company expects a slowdown.
On Thursday, GM sent a note to employees at its Spring Hill plant in Tennessee, outlining plans to reduce output of two Cadillac electric SUVs, the Lyriq and Vistiq.
A source close to the matter confirmed the news to Reuters, saying the production halt will begin in December. GM will significantly reduce output during the first five months of 2026, according to the source.
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GM is also delaying the second shift at its Fairfax Assembly Plant in Kansas City, where the new Chevy Bolt is slated to enter production later this year. The Bolt will be the first of a new series of affordable EVs that GM intends to build in Kansas.
GM plans to build a “next-gen affordable EV) in Kansas (Source: GM)
However, those too, may now be in jeopardy. According to local news outlets, GM Korea Technical Research Center (GMTCK), a spin-off of GM’s Korean subsidiary, was recently cut out of a secret small EV project it was developing.
GMTCK president Brian McMurray reportedly announced internally last month during a trip to the US that the project was cancelled and only 30% to 40% complete.
A GM Korea spokesperson clarified that “the EV project being led by GMTCK was a global undertaking, not undertaken solely by GM Korea. The spokesperson added, “The project itself has not been canceled; the role of the Korean team has simply changed.”
The new electric car, dubbed “Fun Family,” was scheduled to launch under the Chevy and Buick brands, using a single platform. Production was expected to begin in 2027 with deliveries starting in 2028.
2022 Chevy Bolt EUV (Source: GM)
GM Korea exports over 90% of the vehicles it makes to the US, but with the new auto tariffs, the subsidiary is expected to play a drastically smaller role, if any at all. The news is fueling the ongoing rumors that GM could withdraw from Korea altogether.
In addition to the tariffs, South Korea’s recently passed “Yellow Envelope Law” could make it even more difficult for GM with new labor laws.
Chevy Equinox EV LT (Source: GM)
Will this impact the affordable EVs GM is promising to launch in the US? They are scheduled to be built in Kansas, but with the R&D Center, GM’s second largest globally, following the US, claiming to be excluded from a major global EV project, it can’t be a good sign.
In the meantime, GM already has one of the most affordable electric vehicles in the US, the Chevy Equinox EV. Starting at under $35,000, the company calls it “America’s most affordable” EV with over 315 miles of range.
With the $7,500 federal tax credit still available, GM is promoting Chevy Equinox EV leases for under $250 a month. Nowadays, it’s hard to find any vehicle for under that.
Connecticut and Rhode Island are suing the Trump administration to overturn its “baseless” decision to halt Revolution Wind, a nearly completed offshore wind farm set to deliver clean power to New England.
Attorneys General William Tong of Connecticut and Peter Neronha of Rhode Island announced Thursday that they’ll file suit in Rhode Island federal court to overturn the August 22 stop-work order from the Bureau of Ocean and Energy Management (BOEM). The order abruptly shut down construction without citing any violation of law or safety threats. Instead, BOEM vaguely referred to “concerns” under its Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act authority, offering no explanation.
Revolution Wind is 15 nautical miles off Rhode Island and expected to come online in 2026. Once complete, the $6 billion project would supply 350,000 homes with electricity and save ratepayers in Connecticut and Rhode Island hundreds of millions of dollars over 20 years. The project supports more than 2,500 jobs across the US, including over 1,000 union construction jobs, and has already cleared every required state and federal review. Construction is already 80% complete.
The lawsuit, to be filed against the Department of the Interior, BOEM, and their nominated leaders, argues that the stop-work order violates the Administrative Procedure Act and the agency’s authority under OCSLA. The complaint says the government’s action is arbitrary, capricious, and undermines both states’ legal and financial commitments.
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“Revolution Wind is fully permitted, nearly complete, and months from providing enough American-made, clean, affordable energy to power 350,000 homes. Now, with zero justification, Trump wants to mothball the project, send workers home, and saddle Connecticut families with millions of dollars in higher energy costs,” Tong said. “This kind of erratic and reckless governing is blatantly illegal, and we’re suing to stop it.”
Neronha added, “With Revolution Wind, we have an opportunity to create good-paying jobs for Rhode Islanders, enhance energy reliability, and ensure energy cost savings while protecting our environment. And yet, this stop-work order is not even the latest development in this administration’s all-out assault on wind energy. Just yesterday, we learned of reports that the Administration is pulling in staff from several different unrelated federal agencies, including Health and Human Services, to do its bidding. This is bizarre, this is unlawful, this is potentially devastating, and we won’t stand by and watch it happen.”
Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont said the administration has offered no explanation nearly two weeks after the order. “We hoped to work with the Administration to lower energy costs, strengthen grid reliability, create jobs, and drive economic growth, but only if they share those goals. But if they do not, we will act to preserve this vital project and protect the energy future of Connecticut and the entire New England region,” he said.
Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) called the shutdown “insane, illogical, and illegal,” while Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) said, “The Revolution Wind project has already made it through exhaustive reviews by multiple federal agencies, and I doubt Trump’s flimsy excuses for scuttling this project will stand up to legal scrutiny.”
Danish renewables developer Ørsted, which owns a 50% share in Revolution Wind, also announced Thursday that it’s suing the Trump administration in a bid to restart construction on the blocked wind farm.
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Canadian canola fields. Credit: Canola Council of Canada
Canada is “reviewing” its current 100% tariff on Chinese EVs, which could potentially give another entry point for the inexpensive, advanced vehicles into the North American market.
The strange part? The review is being pushed for, mainly, by the premiers of right-leaning provinces. And it has everything to do with your cooking oil.
The news of the review came yesterday from the National Post, who confirmed with Canada’s national finance minister that “officials are currently undertaking work on this review, including an assessment of China’s policies and trade practices, and whether the scope of the surtaxes, as well as the surtax rate, remain appropriate.”
Canada currently has a 100% tariff (surtax) on Chinese EVs and a 25% tariff on Chinese steel and aluminum, implemented last October. Canada’s tariffs came after similar tariffs implemented by US President Biden, though they were justified by claiming that China engages in unfair competition in EVs.
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The country does have a significant auto industry, with about 10% of Canada’s exports consisting of cars, trucks and the parts and accessories for each. This auto industry is heavily tied with the US auto industry, which is centered in Detroit, a literal stone’s throw away from the Canadian border.
As a result, Canada followed the US’ lead with tariffs, recognizing that our two countries, historically tied together by the close trade and cultural relationships across the longest border on Earth should be on the same page about an industry that is shared and important to each of us (nevermind that the US tariffs were dumb to begin with).
A souring US-Canada relationship
But since then, things have changed. A contentious election in the US led to the dumbest person on the planet squatting in an office that he is Constitutionally barred from holding, and after that election the ignoramus in question illegally imposed even dumber tariffs on China and the rest of the world.
The same ignoramus also made numerous threats against Canada’s sovereignty and targeted the country with tariffs despite the close relationship between the US and Canada.
This caused disruption in Canada’s auto industry, including immediate job losses and a scramble to beg for exemptions for the industry that has long-benefitted from free cross-border movement of supplies. (Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney today cited US tariffs as his reason for delaying Canada’s EV transition, showing how the actions of US republicans aren’t just poisoning Americans, but Canadians as well.
And it has left Canadians thinking more about their own national identity, and searching to establish some independence from the United States of America’s whims on the International stage.
It’s all about cooking oil
With the US-Canada relationship already soured, China struck a characteristically surgical blow. In response to Canada’s tariffs on EVs, China announced it would impose heavy tariffs of 76% on… canola. Yes, the thing that’s in your cooking oil.
Canada is the world’s top producer of canola, ahead of China. And China is the world’s top consumer of canola (though US is Canada’s largest buyer of canola). So, China’s move removes a big market for Canadian farmers and disrupts the global canola market significantly. It’s estimated this has cost Western Canadian farmers nearly a billion dollars already (China did a similar move in 2018 with a soybean tariff on the US).
Now here’s the rub: Western Canada is the more rural part of the country, with giant plains provinces like Saskatchewan and Alberta whose primary industries are farming and oil. That’s where the canola is grown. These provinces, predictably, are pretty conservative. And they’re mad about these tariffs.
Canada’s right-wing leads charge for Chinese EVs
And so, the right-wing premiers of both Saskatchewan and Alberta have recently demanded that the Canadian government remove tariffs on Chinese EVs, in the hope that it would get China to remove the tariffs that are currently ruining Canada’s canola farmers. Saskatchewan’s premier is even heading to China right now to negotiate.
And it even seems counterintuitive from the Canadian perspective, as the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan both have ridiculous registration taxes for electric cars, where EVs suffer high opposition due to the prominence of the oil industry in the each of them. Alberta, in particular, is often referred to as the “Texas of Canada,” and has a brewing separatist movement, some members of which want Alberta to join the USA. So how’s that for an inversion of expectations.
But as a result of the US’ haphazard tariff nonsense, its own allies in Canada (even specifically those in the Canadian right wing) have been pushed towards a deeper relationship with China, with Canadian PM Carney stating this week “there may be areas where… we can expand the commercial relationship with things that China does well.”
And the charge by right-wing premiers seems to be working. After yesterday’s announcement of the Canadian federal government’s “review” of Chinese EV tariffs, and the impending trip to China by Canadian trade officials and Saskatchewan Premier Scott Moe, China delayed the imposition of canola tariffs just today.
So, Canadian farmers get some breathing room – and depending on the results of the tariff “review,” if they end up getting access to cheap Chinese EVs, they might breathe more freely in more ways than one.
The 30% federal solar tax credit is ending this year. If you’ve ever considered going solar, now’s the time to act. To make sure you find a trusted, reliable solar installer near you that offers competitive pricing, check out EnergySage, a free service that makes it easy for you to go solar. It has hundreds of pre-vetted solar installers competing for your business, ensuring you get high-quality solutions and save 20-30% compared to going it alone. Plus, it’s free to use, and you won’t get sales calls until you select an installer and share your phone number with them.
Your personalized solar quotes are easy to compare online and you’ll get access to unbiased Energy Advisors to help you every step of the way. Get started here.
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