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Judge Yvonne Gonzalez Rogers handed down a decision in a closely-watched trial between Apple and Epic Games on Friday.

Rogers issued an injunction that said that Apple will no longer be allowed to prohibit developers from providing links or other communications that direct users away from Apple in-app purchasing, of which it takes 15% to 30% of gross sales.

The injunction addresses a longstanding developer complaint and raises the possibility that developers could direct their uses to their website to subscribe or purchase digital content, hurting Apple’s App Store sales.

Apple stock dropped 2% in trading on Friday.

The decision concludes the first part of the battle between the two companies over Apple’s App Store policies and whether they stifle competition. Apple won on 9 of 10 counts but was found to engage in anticompetitive conduct under California law, and will be forced to change its App Store policies and loosen its grip over in-app purchases. The injunction will come into effect in December.

“The Court concludes that Apple’s anti-steering provisions hide critical information from consumers and illegally stifle consumer choice,” Rogers wrote. “When coupled with Apple’s incipient antitrust violations, these anti-steering provisions are anticompetitive and a nationwide remedy to eliminate those provisions is warranted.”

However, Rogers said that Apple was not a monopolist and “success is not illegal.”

“Given the trial record, the Court cannot ultimately conclude that Apple is a monopolist under either federal or state antitrust laws,” Rogers wrote.

The trial took place in Oakland, California in May, and included both company CEOs testifying in open court. People familiar with the trial previously told CNBC that both sides expected the decision to be appealed regardless of what it was.

“Today the Court has affirmed what we’ve known all along: the App Store is not in violation of antitrust law. As the Court recognized ‘success is not illegal,'” Apple said in a statement. “‘ Apple faces rigorous competition in every segment in which we do business, and we believe customers and developers choose us because our products and services are the best in the world.”

Since the trial ended but before the decision was handed down, Apple has made several changes to mollify critics, some as part of settlements with other app developers, including relaxing some rules about emailing customers to encourage them to make off-app purchases and allowing some links in apps.

Rogers wrote in the decision that she disagreed with both Apple and Epic Games over the framing of the market Apple allegedly dominates. Rogers found that it was “digital mobile gaming transactions,” not all iPhone apps, as Epic Games had alleged, nor was it all video games, as Apple had claimed.

Battle over Fortnite

Epic Games is among the most prominent companies to challenge Apple’s control of its iPhone App Store, which has strict rules about what is allowed and not, and requires many software developers to use in in-app payment system, which takes between 15% to 30% of each transaction.

Epic’s most popular game is Fortnite, which makes money when players buy V-bucks, or the in-game currency to buy costumes and other cosmetic changes.

Epic wasn’t seeking money from Apple— instead, it wanted to be allowed to install its own app store on iPhones, which would allow it to bypass Apple’s cut, and impose its own fees on games it distributed. Epic Games CEO Tim Sweeney had chafed against Apple’s in-app purchase rules as early as 2015, according to court filings and exhibits.

Apple CEO Tim Cook is cross examined by Gary Bornstein as he testifies on the stand during a weeks-long antitrust trial at federal court in Oakland, California, U.S. May 21, 2021 in this courtroom sketch.
Vicki Behringer | Reuters

But the public clash between the two companies started in earnest in August 2020, when Epic implemented a plan to challenge Apple called “Project Liberty,” according to court filings.

Epic Games updated Fortnite on its servers to reduce the price of its in-game currency by 20% if players bought directly from the company, bypassing Apple’s take, and violating Apple’s rules on steering users away from its in-app payments.

Apple removed Fortnite from the App Store, meaning that new users could not download it and that it would eventually stop working on iPhones because the app could not be updated. As it planned, Epic then filed a lawsuit that culminated in May’s trial.

Epic Games will also have to pay Apple damages because it breached its contract, Rogers ruled. Epic will pay Apple 30% of all revenue it collected from iOS Fortnite through direct payments.

At the trial, Apple CEO Tim Cook testified on one of the last days, and faced pointed questioning from Judge Rogers over its restrictions on steering users to make purchases off-app, which ended up being the topic of Friday’s injunction.

“It doesn’t seem to me that you feel any pressure or competition to actually change the manner in which you act to address the concerns of developers,” Rogers said at the time.

Epic Games also sued Google over its control of the Play Store for Android phones. That case has not yet gone to trial.

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Tesla is ‘carefully’ working on its India entry amid tariff concerns, says CFO

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Tesla is ‘carefully’ working on its India entry amid tariff concerns, says CFO

Elon Musk meets with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Blair House in Washington DC, USA on February 13, 2025.

Anadolu | Anadolu | Getty Images

Tesla is cautiously navigating an entry into India, CFO Vaibhav Taneja said on Tuesday in the U.S., as the electric vehicle maker faces falling sales and tariff threats. 

Speaking on an earnings call, Taneja confirmed reports that the company is working on an expansion into India, adding that it would be a great market to enter, thanks to its “big middle class.” 

Nevertheless, India is also “a very hard market,” with EV imports into the country subject to a 70% tariff and about 30% luxury tax, he said, noting that this could make India-sold Tesla’s twice as expensive, he said. 

“That’s why we’ve been very careful trying to figure out when is the right time… these kinds of things create a little bit of tension, which we are trying to work out,” he added. 

India has signaled interest in Tesla setting up a base in the country, though the country’s protectionist policies present some obstacles for the EV maker. 

Taneja’s statements come just days after Tesla CEO Elon Musk spoke with India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi on topics including collaboration on technology and innovation.

Tariffs on batteries out of China can end up being really costly for tariffs, says Fmr. Tesla President

Modi also met with Musk during his visit to Washington, D.C., in February, fueling speculation about Tesla’s plans for India. That same month, sources told CNBC-TV18 that the company was considering importing EVs from its Berlin plant into the country as early as April.

On India’s part, the government has proposed a new policy that could see EV tariffs fall from about 70% to 15% for firms that plan to localize some manufacturing in the country.  

Still, experts have told CNBC that Tesla would face price pressures under the scheme, with the company likely to push for further policy reforms.

However, American President Donald Trump’s new tariffs placed on U.S. trading partners, including India, could cast a cloud over potential negotiations between Tesla and New Delhi. 

Washington has imposed additional tariffs of 10% on India, but these could rise by 26% if a 90-day pause on Trump’s “reciprocal tariffs” ends without a U.S.-India trade deal. 

Vice President JD Vance met with Modi in India on Monday, hailing “significant” progress made in trade talks between the two countries. 

Tesla reported disappointing first-quarter results Tuesday, including a 20% year-over-year drop in automotive revenue and a 71% slump in net income.

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Here’s what Elon Musk said about tariffs and their potential effect on Tesla

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Here's what Elon Musk said about tariffs and their potential effect on Tesla

U.S. President Donald Trump talks to the media, next to Tesla CEO Elon Musk with his son X Æ A-12, at the White House in Washington, D.C., U.S., March 11, 2025. 

Kevin Lamarque | Reuters

Elon Musk said on Tuesday that he doesn’t like high or unpredictable tariffs, but any decision on what happens with them “is entirely up to the president of the United States.”

Speaking on his company’s first-quarter earnings call, with tariff-related uncertainty swirling across the economy, Musk said Tesla is in a relatively good position, compared to other U.S. automakers, because it has “localized supply chains” in North America, Europe and China.

Musk said Tesla is the “least-affected car company with respect to tariffs at least in most respects.”

Tesla reported troubling quarterly earnings and sales on Tuesday, including a 20% year-over-year drop in automotive revenue and a 71% plunge in net income. The company also said that it wasn’t providing any guidance for 2025 at least until its second-quarter update.

While Musk is one of President Donald Trump’s closest advisers, tariffs are the one issue where he’s partially broken with the administration. He recently called Peter Navarro, Trump’s top trade adviser, a “moron” and “dumber than a sack of bricks.”

On Tuesday’s call, however, Musk said, “If some country is doing something predatory with tariffs,” or “if a government is providing extreme financial support for a particular industry, then you have to do something to counteract that.”

Tesla’s stock price has been hammered since the president floated his plan for widespread tariffs earlier this month, and that was after the shares plunged 36% in the first quarter, their worst performance for any period since 2022.

Because Tesla manufactures cars that it sells in the U.S. domestically, the company isn’t subject to Trump’s 25% tariff on imported cars. But Tesla counts on materials and supplies from China, Mexico, Canada and elsewhere for manufacturing equipment, automotive glass, printed circuit boards, battery cells and other products.

Musk said he offers his advice to the president on tariffs.

“He will listen to my advice. But then it’s up to him, of course, to make his decision,” Musk said. “I’ve been on the record many times saying that I believe lower tariffs are generally a good idea.”

He added that he’s an advocate for “predictable tariff structures,” as well as “free trade and lower tariffs.”

Musk said Tesla’s energy business faces an “outsized” impact from tariffs because it sources lithium iron phosphate battery cells, used in his company’s cars, from China.

“We’re in the process of commissioning equipment for the local manufacturing of LFP battery cells in the U.S.,” he said. But he said the company can “only serve a fraction of our total installed capacity” with its local equipment.

“We’ve also been working on securing additional supply chain from non-china based suppliers, but it will take time,” he said.

Musk called Tesla the most “vertically integrated car company” but said that there are still plenty of parts and materials that come from other countries. Even though it’s built a lithium refinery in Texas, “we’re not growing rubber trees and mining iron yet,” he said.

WATCH: Tariffs on batteries out of China can end up being really costly

Tariffs on batteries out of China can end up being really costly for tariffs, says Fmr. Tesla President

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Tesla CEO Musk says time he spends on DOGE will drop ‘significantly’ next month

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Tesla CEO Musk says time he spends on DOGE will drop 'significantly' next month

Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla Inc., in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, D.C., on Feb. 11, 2025.

Aaron Schwartz | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Tesla CEO Elon Musk began his company’s earnings call on Tuesday by saying that his time spent running President Donald Trump’s Department of Government Efficiency will drop “significantly” starting in May.

Musk, who has watched Tesla’s stock tumble by more than 40% this year, said he’ll continue to support the president with DOGE “to make sure that the waste and fraud that we stop does not come roaring back.”

After spending almost $300 million in the 2024 campaign to help return Trump to the White House, Musk created DOGE and joined the administration with a mission to drastically reduce the size and capability of the federal government.

He said he’ll continue to spend a “day or two per week” on government issues “for as long as the president would like me to do so.”

Musk’s commentary came after his company reported disappointing first-quarter results, including a 20% year-over-year slump in automotive revenue and 71% plunge in net income.

In addition to challenges the company already faced, such as competition out of China and an aging fleet of electric vehicles, Tesla has recently been hit with protests in the U.S. and Europe and brand damage due to Musk’s ties to Trump and his support of Germany’s far-right AfD party.

“The protests that you’ll see out there, they’re very organized,” Musk said on Tuesday’s call. He claimed, without evidence, that some people are likely protesting “because they’re receiving fraudulent money” or are “recipients of wasteful largesse.”

On its website, which was last updated on Sunday, DOGE says its cuts have led to an estimated $160 billion in savings. However, Musk’s estimates of savings have been challenged, and DOGE has deleted some of the largest purported savings.

Over that same stretch, Tesla has lost roughly $600 billion in market cap.

DOGE has also made cuts at agencies charged with oversight of his companies. They include the SEC, Federal Aviation Administration and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

The White House said in early February that Musk was serving as a “special government employee,” a designation with fewer requirements when it comes to conflict-of-interest disclosures and ethics policies.

The Department of Justice says the title is for anyone expected to work for the government for 130 days or less in a year. The Trump administration will hit its 130th day at the end of May.

Job cuts from DOGE’s work have come from across the government, at agencies including the Internal Revenue Service, National Park Service, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and the departments of Agriculture, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security, and Veterans Affairs, according to the Associated Press.

As of February, staffers from DOGE had pushed top-ranking officials at the Department of Education out of their offices, rearranged the furniture and set up white noise machines to muffle their voices, according to employees at the agency. U.S. senators expressed concern that DOGE had possibly gained access to federal student loan data on tens of millions of borrowers.

Also in February, the Trump administration said that USAID would shut down as an independent agency and be moved under the State Department.

WATCH: Musk needs to recommit to Tesla

Elon Musk needs to recommit to Tesla and say he's leaving Trump administration: Wedbush's Dan Ives

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