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China has recruited dozens of former British military pilots to teach the Chinese armed forces how to defeat western warplanes and helicopters in a “threat to UK interests”, officials have revealed.

One official said some 30 mainly ex-fast jet but also some helicopter pilots – lured by annual salaries of around £240,000 – are currently in China training pilots for the People’s Liberation Army, in what a defence analyst described as a stunning breach of security.

A retired senior Royal Air Force officer said: “Wow… that is appalling. What were they thinking?”

Beijing is actively trying to hire many more serving and former military pilots and other specialists from across the RAF, the Royal Navy and the British Army as well as personnel from other western nations, the western official said.

The situation is so grave, the Ministry of Defence’s Defence Intelligence service on Tuesday issued a “threat alert” to warn serving and former military personnel against such approaches.

China is using third-party head-hunters, including a company based in South Africa, to target personnel, the western official said.

The official named the company as the Test Flying Academy of South Africa, though stressed it had no connection with the South African government.

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Sky News has contacted the firm to request a response to the allegation.

UK appears powerless to stop recruitment schemes

The western official said the recruitment schemes posed “a threat to UK and western interests” and were viewed with “concern and disapproval” by the government.

All British former service personnel, who have accepted jobs to train Chinese military pilots, “are almost certainly enhancing China’s military knowledge and capability,” the official said.

Despite the potential for harm to national security, the UK appears to have been powerless to stop the recruitment schemes or to force the former service personnel, who have accepted jobs in China, to return home – beyond appealing to them.

The official said it was not thought that anyone had breached the Official Secrets Act – which would be a criminal offence.

The Ministry of Defence said it was working to make it much harder for China to poach British military talent.

“We are taking measures to dissuade current and former pilots from being recruited, and we want to avoid any perception by China that our previous silence on this matter is misinterpreted as our acceptance or approval of this activity,” the western official said.

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China faces a ‘steep learning curve’ when it comes to possible military combat says the former director of operations at the Ministry of Defence.

‘It is certainly more than a trickle’

The spike in recruitment has been identified since around the end of 2019 at the start of the COVID lockdown.

Officials were unable to immediately say the total number of former British military personnel who had ever been hired to work for the Chinese.

They were also unable to give a figure for how many current and former personnel are actively being targeted right now, but said: “It is certainly more than just a trickle.”

No identities were given of the former British military pilots who are already working in China, but officials said a number of them were in their late 50s and had left the military a number of years ago.

“Without us taking action, this activity would almost certainly cause harm to the UK and our allies’ defence advantage,” the western official said.

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One expert says a US-China war is a risk that should be taken very seriously

What is China trying to achieve?

China is seeking pilots with long-experience of flying British and other NATO warplanes, including the Typhoon and Tornado fighter jets and the Harrier jump jet – which used to operate off British aircraft carriers, to teach its pilots how best to counter their capabilities, the western official said.

“It’s not training Chinese pilots on Western jets. It’s taking Western pilots of great experience to help develop Chinese military air force tactics and capabilities,” the official said.

“It’s really the Chinese having an understanding of what the latest generation of tactics and approaches and capabilities would be, were the Chinese military to get into situations coming up against those types of assets.”

This also included British military helicopters such as Wildcat and Merlin.

It is understood that China has attempted to recruit former pilots who have trained on the top secret, US-led fifth generation, F35 fast jet.

The official said it is thought such efforts had so far been unsuccessful. These aircraft – each one worth more than £100 million – use highly sensitive stealth technology developed jointly with the United States and are a prime espionage target.

A U.S.Marine Corps F-35B joint strike fighter jet
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A U.S.Marine Corps F-35B joint strike fighter jet

What is the UK doing to stop former pilots being recruited?

In a bid to make it harder for China to lure more pilots, the Ministry of Defence said efforts are underway to tighten security legislation and employment contracts.

“We are taking decisive steps to stop Chinese recruitment schemes attempting to headhunt serving and former UK Armed Forces pilots to train People’s Liberation Army personnel in the People’s Republic of China,” a spokesperson said.

“All serving and former personnel are already subject to the Official Secrets Act, and we are reviewing the use of confidentiality contracts and non-disclosure agreements across Defence, while the new National Security Bill will create additional tools to tackle contemporary security challenges – including this one.”

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‘A rehearsal for war’

Francis Tusa, the defence analyst, called the revelations “gobsmacking”.

“Let’s be honest, China is an enemy,” Mr Tusa told Sky News.

“As such, we have got British subjects who have decided that their interests are best served by teaching our enemy how to defeat us. This is incredibly frightening.”

The revelations emerged as new legislation is being introduced to parliament on Tuesday to toughen the UK’s oversight of individuals and companies that work for hostile states or foreign entities and try to influence domestic politics.

As an amendment to the National Security Bill, the Foreign Influence Registration Scheme will require anyone who is hired by a foreign government to declare their activity or risk prosecution as part of efforts to clamp down on espionage and malign influence operations.

The head of MI5 said: “The UK is in strategic contest with states that seek to undermine our national security, democratic institutions and commercial advantage at an unprecedented scale. We need new, modern tools and powers to defend ourselves, proportionately but firmly.” 

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Wife of murdered Saudi journalist says ‘zero justice’ has been served after Trump dismisses US intelligence findings

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Wife of murdered Saudi journalist says 'zero justice' has been served after Trump dismisses US intelligence findings

The wife of murdered Saudi Arabian journalist Jamal Khashoggi says “zero justice” has been served over her husband’s death.

Mr Khashoggi, a strident critic of the kingdom, was slain by Saudi agents in an operation in Istanbul in 2018, and American intelligence agencies concluded Mohammed bin Salman had ordered his capture or killing.

The crown prince has denied ordering the operation, but acknowledged responsibility as Riyadh’s de-facto ruler.

He was hosted at the White House on Tuesday for the first time in seven years, and Donald Trump defended him and cast doubt upon his own country’s assessments.

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Saudi leader asked about murdered journalist

Mr Trump derided Mr Khashoggi as “extremely controversial” and said “a lot of people didn’t like that gentleman”.

Hanan Khashoggi told Sky News’ The World With Yalda Hakim she was “disappointed” by the remarks, as she demanded compensation from the crown prince.

He has described the killing of her husband as a “huge mistake”.

Addressing Mr Trump directly, Ms Khashoggi said she would be willing to meet the US president to tell him about the Washington Post writer, who she said was “a great man, and a professional, and he was a brave man as well”.

A vigil for Khashoggi outside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, where he was killed. Pic: Reuters
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A vigil for Khashoggi outside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul, where he was killed. Pic: Reuters

‘They destroyed my life’

Ms Khashoggi said her husband was not controversial or unlikeable – but even if he was, “it doesn’t justify the action of kidnapping him, torturing him, killing him and dismantling his body”.

She also said she would meet the crown prince and “ask him to retrieve Jamal’s body, so I can bury him in a decent, good way”, as well as ask for financial compensation.

“They killed my husband, they destroyed my life,” she added. “They have to compensate me.”

Hanan Khashoggi
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Hanan Khashoggi

Trump defends MBS

Asked about the murder in the Oval Office, Mr Trump said: “Whether you like him or didn’t like him, things happen.

“But he (Bin Salman) knew nothing about it, and we can leave it at that.

“You don’t have to embarrass our guest by asking a question like that.”

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The prince and president: What happened?

Mr Trump even celebrated the Saudi leader for the kingdom’s human rights record, without providing specific details.

“I’m very proud of the job he’s done,” he said.

Human rights groups say Saudi authorities continue to harshly repress dissent by arresting human rights defenders, journalists and political dissidents.

They also highlight a surge in executions in Saudi Arabia they connect to an effort to suppress internal dissent.

The crown prince announced Saudi Arabia was increasing its planned investments in the US to $1trn, up from the $600bn the Saudis announced they would pour into the US when Mr Trump visited the kingdom in May.

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MI5 is also trying to send a signal to China with spying warning to parliamentarians

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MI5 is also trying to send a signal to China with spying warning to parliamentarians

The warning was meant for British parliamentarians, of course, but MI5 and the government are also trying to send a signal to China.

We know what you are doing, and in ministers’ words today we “won’t stand for it”.

But in the wake of the collapsed China spying case last month, the security services also want to reestablish a badly dented sense of deterrence.

Politics latest: China responds to MI5’s spy warning to MPs

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Security minister accuses China of interference

That case against two British men accused of spying for Beijing fell apart because officials would not use the words “enemy” or “national security threat” to describe China.

The failure projected a sense of weakness in the face of Chinese espionage efforts, something the government is keen to dispel.

(L-R) Christopher Cash and Christopher Berry had the charges against them withdrawn in September. Pics: Reuters
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(L-R) Christopher Cash and Christopher Berry had the charges against them withdrawn in September. Pics: Reuters

Those efforts remain persistent and dangerous, security officials insist.

China has always aggressively sought the official and commercial secrets of Western nations.

It regards that mission as a patriotic duty, an essential part of a national project to catch up with and then overtake the West.

In the words of Britain’s security minister, Dan Jarvis, on Tuesday, China seeks “to interfere in our sovereign affairs in favour of its own interests”.

Read more:
Parliamentarians warned of spying attempts from China agents

Indeed, much of China’s technological and economic progress was, until recently, built on intellectual property stolen from rival nations.

Its private sector has been notorious for ripping off and reverse engineering Western know-how, pilfered from joint venture partners or through commercial espionage.

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Intelligence agencies say the Chinese have also hoovered up vast amounts of personal data from all of us through social media platforms like TikTok and other methods, collecting in bulk for now, for sifting and harvesting later.

Officially, the Chinese government denies all these allegations. It has to be said that Western spies are also hard at work snooping on China.

But critics say Western nations have been naive and too trusting of the Chinese threat.

While the British government remains unsure whether to identify China as an enemy or simply a commercial rival, an ambivalence remains, which Beijing will continue doing its best to exploit.

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Sudan ‘epicentre of suffering in the world’, says UN humanitarian chief

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Sudan 'epicentre of suffering in the world', says UN humanitarian chief

Mass killings and millions forced to flee for their lives have made Sudan the “epicentre of suffering in the world”, according to the UN’s humanitarian affairs chief.

About 12 million people are believed to have been displaced and at least 40,000 killed in the civil war – but aid groups say the true death toll could be far greater.

Tom Fletcher, the UN’s under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, told Sky’s The World With Yalda Hakim the situation was “horrifying”.

“It’s utterly grim right now – it’s the epicentre of suffering in the world,” he said of Sudan.

The war between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) – who were once allies – started in Khartoum in April 2023 but has spread across the country.

A child receives treatment at a camp in Tawila after fleeing Al Fashir . Pic: AP
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A child receives treatment at a camp in Tawila after fleeing Al Fashir . Pic: AP

The fighting has inflicted almost unimaginable misery on a nation that was already suffering a humanitarian crisis.

Famine has been declared in some areas and Mr Fletcher said there was a “sense of rampant brutality and impunity” in the east African nation.

“I spoke to so many people who told me stories of mass executions, mass rape, sexual violence being weaponised as part of the conflict,” he said.

The fall of a key city

Last month, the RSF captured Al Fashir – the capital of North Darfur state – after a siege of more than 18 months.

Hundreds have been killed and tens of thousands forced to flee, according to the UN and aid groups.

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Explained: Key Sudan city falls

The World Health Organisation said more than 450 people alone were reportedly killed at a maternity hospital in the city.

RSF fighters also went house to house to murder civilians and carried out sexual assault and rape, according to aid workers and displaced people.

The journey to escape Al Fashir goes through areas with no access to food, water or medical help – and Mr Fletcher said people had described to him the “horrors” of trying to make it out.

“One woman [was] carrying her dead neighbour’s malnourished child – and then she herself was attacked on the road as she fled towards Tawila,” he told Sky News.

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Investigating thousands missing in Sudan’s war

Such is the violence in Al Fashir, blood from mass killings appears to stain the sand in satellite images from Yale’s Humanitarian Research Lab, Mr Fletcher added.

“We’ve got to make sure there are teams going in to investigate these atrocities. Al Fashir is a crime scene right now,” he said.

“But we’ve also got to make sure we’ve got protection for civilians from the future atrocities.”

Children at the forefront of suffering

Mr Fletcher told Yalda Hakim that children had “borne the brunt” and made up one in five of those killed in Al Fashir.

He said a child he met “recoiled from me” and “flinched” when he gestured towards a Manchester City logo on his shirt when they were kicking a ball around.

“This is a six-year-old, so what has he seen and experienced to be that terrified of other people?” he asked.

He’s urging the international community to boost funding to help civilians, and a “much more vigorous, energised diplomacy” to try to end the fighting.

“This can’t be so complex, so difficult, that the world can’t fix it,” he told Sky News.

“And we’ve seen some momentum. We’ve seen the quad – Egypt, America, Saudi, the UAE just recently – getting more engaged.

“I’m in daily contact with them all, including the White House envoy, Dr Massad Boulos, but we need to sustain that diplomatic engagement and show the creativity and patience that’s needed.”

Read more:
Genocide unfolding in Darfur, warns Sudanese government

Tens of thousands killed in two days’ in Sudan city

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In full: Monday’s The World

Hopes of an imminent end to the violence currently look unlikely.

Sudan’s military leader, General Abdel-Fattah Burhan, said on Friday that his forces would not stop until the RSF is wiped out.

“This war will not come to an end with a truce, but when rebels are destroyed,” he said – according to a statement from Sudan’s ruling council.

“We call on all Sudanese to join the fight, and for those who can carry weapons to come forward.”

The RSF and the Sudanese army have previously agreed to various ceasefire proposals during their two-and-a-half-year-old war, but none have succeeded.

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