Sky News takes a look at what it might mean for the future of the platform, and whether users should be hopeful or concerned about what is to come.
The first step to ‘the everything app’
Musk has spoken repeatedly about a “super app”, which he has tentatively dubbed “X”.
Whether that is what Twitter becomes, or a larger platform his new purchase forms part of, is uncertain – but it has drawn comparisons with China’s WeChat, which combines familiar features like messaging, a marketplace, and public Twitter-style posts into one place.
“He has that kind of thinking,” Michael Vlismas, author of Musk biography Risking It All, told Sky News.
“While most people would get bogged down with the details and start their plan there, Elon Musk tends to go straight past all of that and start with the big idea and deal with the issues coming down the line.
“In my mind, it would be the first step on another two, three or four-point plan for where it fits into the next thing he wants to do.”
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For Musk’s critics, the vagueness of “the everything app” speaks to a man who does not have a real plan.
Jason Goldman, a member of Twitter’s founding team and ex-board member, believes that lack of clear strategy is exactly why he tried to pull out of the deal.
“He hasn’t put forward a serious plan about what he wants to do with the platform,” he told Sky News.
“He wants to defeat the bots, it’s about free speech, it’s all very hand-wavey.”
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0:53
Musk wants an ‘inclusive’ Twitter
A ‘Wild West’ for free speech
Musk has described himself as a “free speech absolutist”.
He views Twitter’s content moderation as too heavy-handed and has criticised the decision to ban prominent but controversial individuals like Donald Trump.
Experts have warned that the world’s richest man’s loose stance on moderation could be a route for the service’s “very worst” trolls to thrive, turning Twitter into a “Wild West” where anything goes.
Mr Goldman, who was the White House’s first chief digital officer under former president Barack Obama, said: “Free speech is a tremendously important principle, anyone running an internet platform should start by embracing that principle.
“The issue is that Elon doesn’t really care about that – he wants there to be more voices on the platform that cohere with his particular political views.”
Musk – who has been criticised for recent tweets regarding Ukraine and Taiwan – says Twitter’s free speech approach will be based on the laws of individual countries, which experts warn will empower authoritarian regimes.
“In the UK, we have rights that protect our opinions,” said Amelia Sordell, founder of brand agency Klowt.
“What about the countries whose laws prevent free speech? If Twitter abides by country law, those people will have fewer rights, not more.”
Image: Donald Trump was banned from Twitter following the Capitol riots in January 2021
Potential returns for controversial voices
Mr Trump fell foul of Twitter’s rules when deemed to have used his account to incite the US Capitol riots.
It was a high-profile intervention, matched on other platforms like Facebook, which came after years of social media companies being criticised for not doing enough to crack down on dangerous content.
“Elon clearly doesn’t value that work,” warned Mr Goldman.
“What that means is that there is going to be a real glut of people at the company who know how those protections are enforced and how they work, and that exposes everyone to more danger.
“And not just from ‘mean tweets’, but leaks of user privacy, the exposure of dissidents in authoritarian countries, things with real-world consequences.”
Since Mr Trump’s ban, he has since launched his own platform, Truth Social, promising a safe space for users to “share your unique opinion”.
What about Kanye West? He made a brief return to Twitter earlier this month to complain about being banned from Instagram for an allegedly antisemitic post.
“Welcome back to Twitter, my friend,” Musk said to West, before the rapper was promptly banned from there too.
Image: Kanye West and the former president have their own ‘free speech’ social media apps
New ways to pay
Twitter is extremely reliant on advertising – it partly blamed a slowdown in the industry for its poor financial results earlier this summer.
A solution, Musk believes, is to come up with a premium experience that some users will pay for– like a new verification marker.
Mr Goldman believes there is space for more premium features for Twitter’s “power users”, but warns Musk’s moderation stance risks alienating those most likely to pay up.
“The problem is those power users aren’t going to want to be on a platform, nor are advertisers, where discourse is looking more hostile […] and all of these user safety issues become more foregrounded,” he says.
“The real issue that surfaces with subscriptions is access,” adds Aaron Green, director of media and connections at R/GA London.
“Many users may not be able to afford a paid model, risking a loss of its current user base.”
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1:25
How Musk could change Twitter
Already it is clear that by buying Twitter, Elon Musk is putting an awful lot on his own plate.
Should his ambitions for Twitter match those he has for his other firms (from humanoid robots to life in space), the potential for change – for better or for worse – is certainly sizeable.
“SpaceX started with the grand idea of Mars and let’s colonise Mars – the impossible idea, but it produced this groundswell of support and interest and enthusiasm around space again,” says Musk biographer Mr Vlismas.
“Mars might never be the realisation, but it was the catalyst to form a very effective SpaceX.
“I think Twitter will be a very different space, but will it be a better place as a platform for humanity in the way Elon Musk wants? I think that’s the social media Mars at the moment.
“But on the way to maybe getting to that, I certainly think he will come up with some novel ideas.”
The chief executive of Ofwat is to step down within months as Britain’s embattled water regulator prepares to be abolished by ministers.
Sky News has learnt that David Black is preparing to leave Ofwat following discussions with its board, led by chairman Iain Coucher.
The timing of Mr Black’s exit was unclear on Tuesday afternoon, although sources said he was likely to go in the near future.
An official announcement could come within days, according to industry sources.
Insiders say the relationship between Mr Coucher and Mr Black has been under strain for some time.
Water industry executives said that Steve Reed, the environment secretary, repeatedly referred to the regulator’s leadership during a meeting last month.
It was unclear on Tuesday who would replace Mr Black, or whether an interim chief executive would remain in place until Ofwat is formally scrapped.
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The complexity of the impending regulatory shake-up means that Ofwat might not be formally abolished until at least 2027.
Mr Black took over as Ofwat’s permanent boss in April 2022, having held the position on an interim basis for the previous 12 months.
He has worked for the water regulator in various roles since 2012.
If confirmed, Mr Black’s departure will come with Britain’s privatised water industry and its regulator mired in crisis.
Water companies are under increasing pressure from Mr Reed, the environment secretary, over their award of executive bonuses even as the number of serious pollution incidents has soared.
The UK’s biggest water utility, Thames Water, meanwhile, is on the brink of being temporarily nationalised through a special administration regime as it tries to secure a private sector bailout led by its creditors.
In a review published last month, the former Bank of England deputy governor Sir Jon Cunliffe recommended that Ofwat be scrapped.
He urged the government to replace it with a new body which would also incorporate the Drinking Water Inspectorate and absorb the water-related functions of the Environment Agency and Natural England.
Speaking on the day that Sir Jon’s recommendations were made public, Mr Reed said: “This Labour government will abolish Ofwat.
“Ofwat will remain in place during the transition to the new regulator, and I will ensure they provide the right leadership to oversee the current price review and investment plan during that time.”
A white paper on reforming the water industry is expected to be published in November with the aim of delivering a reset of the industry’s performance and supervision, according to industry sources.
A handful of water companies have challenged Ofwat’s price determinations, which in aggregate outlined £104bn in spending by the industry during the 2026-30 regulatory period.
Anglian Water, Northumbrian Water and Southern Water are among those whose spending plans are now being assessed by the Competition and Markets Authority.
Responding to the Cunliffe report last month, Ofwat said: “While we have been working hard to address problems in the water sector in recent years, this report sets out important findings for how economic regulation is delivered and we will develop and take this forward with government.
“Today marks an opportunity to reset the sector so it delivers better outcomes for customers and the environment.
“Ofwat will now work with the government and the other regulators to form this new regulatory body in England and to contribute to discussions on the options for Wales set out in the report.
“In advance of the creation of the new body, we will continue to work hard within our powers to protect customers and the environment and to discharge our responsibilities under the current regulatory framework.”
Ofwat has been contacted for comment about Mr Black’s future, while the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has also been approached for comment.
BP has signalled an accelerated effort to bring down costs ahead, refusing to rule out further job losses as artificial intelligence (AI) technology helps drive efficiencies.
The company, which revealed in January that it was to axe almost 8,000 workers and contractors globally as part of a cost-cutting plan, said alongside its second quarter results that it was to review its portfolio of businesses and examine its cost base again.
BP is under pressure to grow profitability and investor value through a shareholder-driven refocus on oil and gas revenues.
Just 24 hours earlier, the company revealed progress through its largest oil and gas discovery, off Brazil’s east coast, this century.
BP said it was exploring the creation of production facilities at the site.
It has made nine other exploration discoveries this year.
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BP’s share price has lagged those of rivals for many years – a trend that investors have blamed on the now-abandoned shift to renewable energy that began under former boss Bernard Looney.
Image: BP boss Murray Auchincloss is facing shareholder pressure to grow profitability
His replacement, Murray Auchincloss, has reportedly come under shareholder pressure to slash costs further, with the Financial Times reporting on Monday that activist investor Elliott was leading that charge based on concerns over high contractor numbers.
Mr Auchincloss said on Tuesday that AI was playing a leading role in bolstering efficiency across the business.
In an interview with Sky’s US partner CNBC, he said: “We need to keep driving safely to be the very best in the sector we can be, and that’s why we’re focused on another review to try to drive us towards best in class… inside the sector, and technology plays a huge part in that.
“Just technology is moving so fast, we see tremendous opportunity in that space. So it’s good for all seasons to drive cost discipline and capital discipline into the business. And that’s what we’re focused on.”
When contacted by Sky News, a BP spokesperson suggested the company had no plans for further job losses this year and could not speculate beyond that ahead of the conclusions of the new cost review.
BP reported a second quarter underlying replacement cost profit of $2.4bn, down 14% on the same period last year but well ahead of analyst forecasts of $1.8bn. Much of the reduction was down to lower comparable oil and gas prices.
It moved to reward investors with a 4% dividend increase and maintained the pace of its share buyback programme at $750m for the quarter.
BP said it was making progress in driving shareholder value through both its operational return to oil and gas investment and cost reductions, which stood at $1.7bn over the six months.
Shares, up 3% over the year to date ahead of Tuesday’s open, were trading 2% higher in early dealing.
Derren Nathan, head of equity research at Hargreaves Lansdown, said of the company’s figures: “Production increases, strong results from trading activities, favourable tax rates, and better volumes and margins downstream all played their part.
“It’s also upping the ante when it comes to exploration and development, culminating in this week’s announcement of an oil find at the offshore Brazilian prospect Bumerangue.
“Its drilling rig intersected a staggering 500m of hydrocarbons. Taking into account the acreage of the block, it’s given BP the confidence to declare the largest discovery in 25 years.”
British Land, the FTSE 100 commercial property company, has hired lawyers to scrutinise rescue deals for the high street retailers Poundland and River Island.
Sky News has learnt that Hogan Lovells, the City law firm, has been instructed by British Land to seek further information on restructuring plans that the two chains say are necessary for their survival.
British Land owns 20 Poundland stores, 13 of which would see rents compromised under its restructuring plan, while it is River Island’s landlord at 22 shops – seven of which would be affected.
Retail industry sources said that British Land had already struck deals to re-let some of the affected Poundland sites.
The company, which has a market capitalisation of ? and is one of Britain’s biggest commercial landlords, is understood to have abstained on the River Island restructuring plan vote.
The appointment of Hogan Lovells does not amount to a decision to formally challenge the restructurings, but that remains an option in both cases, according to industry sources.
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Hogan Lovells has been engaged on a string of previous challenges to retailers’ rescue deals on the basis that they unfairly compromised property-owners.
About 20,000 jobs would potentially be put at risk if Poundland and River Island were to collapse altogether.
Both face sanctions hearings in court this month which will determine whether their rescue deals can go ahead.
Even if the proposals are rubber-stamped, about 100 stores in aggregate across the two chains will be permanently closed.