The state of Army-Navy in a constantly changing college football landscape
THE ANNUAL ARMY-NAVY football game remains the same as it has for decades. It’s patriotism and tradition all wrapped up in one. It’s the Army Corps of Cadets and Navy Brigade of Midshipmen marching on the field before taking their seats in the stands; U.S. Presidents strolling through pregame warmups; the players standing alongside one another after the final whistle and singing their respective alma maters together — the loser first, then the winner.
It’s college football at large that keeps evolving around America’s Game. In recent years, there’s been seismic realignment, with blue-bloods Oklahoma, Texas, UCLA and USC all making moves to change conferences. Players have more power now than ever, whether it’s the freedom of movement facilitated by the transfer portal or the ability to make money from name, image and likeness opportunities.
But at service academies, all of that is noise. Realignment chatter is just that — chatter. Athletes don’t have access to NIL. The transfer portal, on the other hand, is essentially a one-way-street beckoning players out of town.
Army and Navy stick to the old-fashioned wishbone, the triple-option, the seed from which modern run-pass option offenses sprung. The scheme can come across as quaint, but it’s actually a necessity. Army coach Jeff Monken says they don’t have the caliber of athletes to compete with the rest of the FBS. By doing something unique, it gives them a chance to close the talent gap.
But the gap between service academies and the rest of the FBS keeps widening thanks to NIL and the transfer portal.
It’s to the point that Navy coach Ken Niumatalolo hardly recognizes the American Athletic Conference anymore. “When we first got in the league, we challenged for a championship a couple times; once we won the West outright and two times we tied for it,” Niumatalolo says. “And I feel like the American Conference for us is a super competitive league, but the teams have changed. You just look at the demographics of what guys look like. You just look at Cincinnati and they have the running back from Alabama. Some of our schools are really enticing for SEC or Big Ten or Big 12 players.
“SMU doesn’t look like the same SMU team when we first got into the league. Memphis doesn’t look the same. Houston doesn’t look the same. I mean, these schools all look different.”
Niumatalolo and Monken aren’t looking for sympathy. They’re talking about cold, hard facts. Their players are considered federal employees, and therefore can’t have conflicting sources of income. So NIL is off the table. The portal, meanwhile, flows almost entirely in one direction: out. Admission standards are hard to meet. Also, there’s no such thing as transfer credits. Everyone who gets into Army, Navy or Air Force begins from scratch — as a first-year, or plebe (Doolies at Air Force), responsible for going through summer training.
No one else in college football has to deal with those barriers to entry. It’s enough to make you wonder whether coaches like Niumatalolo and Monken have to adjust their expectations.
“No way,” Monken says defiantly. “Not me. You can talk to somebody else about that. I got one expectation.”
And that’s to win.
“But it is more difficult,” he says.
NIUMATALOLO ADMITS THEY’RE not in the running for top recruits. Never have been. Probably never will be. He laughs when players hear rumors of NIL deals and ask, “What do you have to get to be in the ballpark with this guy?”
“We weren’t going to be in the ballpark anyway,” Niumatalolo says. “But even some of the lower-tier guys for us, we can’t compete with that.” It doesn’t matter if a prospect has zero FBS offers, they inevitably believe they can become stars, play in the NFL and earn a little NIL money in the meantime.
“I’ve had to tell several families, ‘Sorry ma’am, sorry sir, the government won’t allow us,'” Niumatalolo says.
No exceptions. Army athletic director Mike Buddie says they had a soccer player who had a small NIL deal in high school. He got free pads in exchange for his endorsement, but that ended the moment he got to campus.
Since NIL is so clear-cut, Niumatalolo and Monken say they don’t spend much time worrying about it. They have a counter argument, in fact, because there are other perks to going to a service academy besides having room and board paid for, plus a healthy stipend each month.
“Our NIL is on the back end,” Niumatalolo says. “That’s what we sell. Like, ‘Hey, just look at our graduates. Look at their starting salary or what they’re making five years after they’ve graduated.’ Or we put out the number of alumni that are working at different places — on Wall Street or different things.”
Says Navy athletic director Chet Gladchuk: “There’s no such thing as a Naval Academy graduate who’s unemployed. They’ll have a job, they’ll have that ring on their finger, it’ll open numerous doors.”
It’s the same way at Army. So say you’re Monken, you’ve made a similar sales pitch and your roster is filled with developmental prospects. Monken counts about 30 players from Georgia, and none were offered by the University of Georgia or even Georgia Southern. He has an offensive tackle who played quarterback in high school.
Maybe you find a few diamonds in the rough. But can you hold onto them? Navy lost starting linebacker Johnny Hodges to TCU, where he’s currently the leading tackler.
“When you play a team — a regional state university on our schedule, no particular one — they now are not similar to us in that they recruit high school seniors and they have to develop them,” Monken says. “If they’re deficient in an area, they can go get a guy that’s 22 years old and has played 30 college football games, and he will walk into their program and start. They can change their roster instantly. I mean, just look at the teams that have done that and are very open about, ‘Hey, we got 38 guys on our roster that weren’t here a year ago.’ Thirty-eight?! I’m thinking, ‘Holy moly!’
“And then we’ve got to keep those guys that come in as freshmen and they’re going to a military school, which is a challenge itself. There are professional standards here — the rigors of the academics, the formations in the morning, just the things that they have to do to endure four years of college football and being here. It’s a challenge. So there’s attrition.”
Monken is careful when he talks about this kind of thing. Because he loves his players — their toughness and their character. He loves being the coach at Army, too, but he acknowledges the difficulties in winning there. They existed before the portal and NIL, and are even more evident now.
Niumatalolo agrees. Navy went 41-25 from 2015 to ’19. COVID disruptions contributed to a disappointing 3-7 record in 2020. But then, in the spring of 2021, the NCAA took the lid off the transfer portal by allowing athletes to change schools once in their career with immediate eligibility. The Midshipmen are 8-15 since then.
“It has been frustrating,” Niumatalolo says, “because I can see like, ‘Holy smokes, these teams are getting way better.'”
Last month, as Navy prepared to face No. 20 UCF, it rained during practice one day. The indoor facility was unavailable and it was freezing cold outside. Everyone had an excuse to feel miserable, but an assistant coach, who was recently on staff in the Power 5, put things into perspective.
“He said, ‘Guys, I’ve been a lot of places. I don’t think there’s very many 3-7 teams that are practicing in the cold, practicing the way we practice. There’s just a resolve,'” Niumatalolo recalls. “We ended up going to Central Florida and beating them. It just made me think as a coach, ‘You know what? We can’t do any of that other stuff. Let’s just build our team the old-school way. You know, try to be a tough team that loves each other, that works hard, that’s selfless, that it’s not in it for how much am I getting out of this?’
“It’s kind of corny and it’s kind of cliche, but it’s our only alternative.”
JUST BECAUSE IT’S corny doesn’t mean it’s wrong. Part of the enduring attraction to the Army-Navy game, beyond it being the nexus of football and country, is that it radiates a sort of old-fashioned purity of competition, unchanged by time and unencumbered by whatever complications are impacting the sport at large.
All three Division I service academy football teams — Army, Navy and Air Force — have a distinct brand in that way. It’s a big reason schools like scheduling them. They’ll market it as a Military Appreciation Game, which is what Troy did last month when it hosted Army. The Trojans’ mascot wore military fatigues and helicopters flew over the field before kickoff. It was the highest-attended game in Veterans Stadium history.
When realignment rumors began swirling during the last two summers, speculation inevitably turned to the service academies. If a conference wanted to add a group of teams with broad appeal, why wouldn’t it target Army, Navy and Air Force? The Army-Navy game would be worth it; according to CBS, about 10 million people tuned into the game last year.
“What you’re talking about has been kicked around for 30 years,” Gladchuk says. “There’s so many factors that go into it — affiliation with teams that bring market value and bring traditional history and success as Division I institutions. That’s the combination everyone’s trying to manage. Would Army, Navy and Air Force be a welcome addition to a conference? Certainly they would be. No question about it. It would bring another dimension of interest.”
But Gladchuk says Navy is happy in the AAC. It only joined seven years ago.
Air Force had reported interest from the AAC a year ago but decided to stay in the Mountain West.
Only Army remains independent in football.
“So who’s gonna give to create this triumvirate?” Gladchuk asks. “I don’t know, because it’s serving Navy well to be where we are. But I certainly would be very open to and very interested and very proactive if there was interest on Army and Air Force’s part to join us for some good reason. And I think the AAC would certainly consider them joining.”
Gladchuk says the three athletic directors have spoken about it, “But everyone has their own agenda and right now the stars aren’t lined up.”
Buddie says of watching USC and UCLA join the Big Ten this past summer, “You’re crazy not to pay attention and try to think how that’s going to impact the landscape.”
“Certainly we were contacted as the tectonic plates started to shift,” he says. “We’ve had conversations. Some were initiated by me to understand what options existed, and some were certainly initiated by others just to see. … But, as of now, we just haven’t felt compelled to make that leap.”
Buddie admits they’re “leaving a few dollars on the table” by not joining a conference in football. As long as they can create a competitive schedule, they like the flexibility independence offers.
With that said, scheduling got tricky during COVID. If a result of conference expansion is that it leaves no wiggle room in teams’ schedules — and therefore no place for Army to slide in — then Buddie could see reconsidering their stance.
“If the dust falls and there’s an academically based league that believes in scholarship and believes in service and education and we all ended up in it,” Buddie says, “I don’t think that would be a bad thing.”
THE ONLY THING that feels certain is Army-Navy. If there’s something both schools are committed to, it’s America’s Game.
There’s nothing else like it. Where else could a coach be tempted to correct a president of the United States? It happened to Niumatalolo once when George W. Bush wandered through a pre-game drill.
“You don’t know how to say, ‘You’re going to get run over. You better move back over here,'” Niumatalolo says. “He has all his security guards with him, so you just tell your kids, ‘Watch out. Don’t run over the president. Don’t run an out-route into him, go wider.’ It’s bizarre.”
And it’s an honor, Niumatalolo says. For a kid from La’ie, Hawai’i, to grow up and meet multiple presidents is special.
Monken struggles to describe the intensity of the game.
“It’s never just a play. It’s always the most important play of the game,” he says. “It’s a great game to be a part of because of who we represent — the men and women that serve and are all over the world watching. And if they can’t watch, they’re listening. And if they can’t watch or listen, they’re parked in a foxhole somewhere with their eyes on some bad guys knowing it’s going on.”
Gladchuk says there’s a reason it’s on so many bucket lists.
“There are people who like to go to a national championship game or they may want to go to the Super Bowl because of their affiliation with the teams or they want to get to the U.S. Open because they’re a Freddie Couples fan,” he says. “But everyone’s an American, and everyone takes great pride in something that exudes what the country stands for. And it’s all on display in a four-hour time frame on the second week in December.”
-
David Hale
NEWARK, Del. — Russ Crook has a shirt he likes to wear to Delaware football road games. He’s a lifelong fan and the current president of the Blue Hen Touchdown Club, but he knows the jokes, so he picked up the shirt a few years back when he saw it at the historic National 5 & 10 store on Main Street. It’s gray with a map of the state across the chest and the ubiquitous punchline delivered succinctly: “Dela-where?”
Yes, the state is small, though Rhode Island gets the acclaim that comes with being the country’s smallest. In popular culture, Delaware often translates as something of a non-place — cue the “Wayne’s World” GIF — and it’s widely appreciated by outsiders as little more than a 28-mile stretch of I-95 between Maryland and Pennsylvania that hardly warrants mentioning.
It’s a harmless enough stereotype, but Cook is hopeful this football season can start to change some perceptions. After all, in 2025, Delaware — the football program — hits the big time. Or, Conference USA, at least.
“Delaware’s a small state, but the university has 24,000 students,” Crook said. “Many big-time schools are smaller than we are. There’s no reason we can’t do this.”
When the Blue Hens kick off against Delaware State on Aug. 28, they will be, for the first time, an FBS football team, joining Missouri State as first-year members of Conference USA — the 135th and 136th FBS programs.
Longtime Hens fans might not have believed the move was possible even a few years ago, as much for the school’s ethos as the state’s stature. The university’s leadership had spent decades holding firm in the belief that the Hens were best positioned as a big fish in the relatively small ponds of Division II and, later, FCS.
And yet, just as the rest of the college sports world is reeling from an onslaught of change — revenue sharing, the transfer portal, NIL and conference realignment — Delaware decided it was time to join the party.
“Us and Delaware are probably making this move at one of the more difficult times to make the move in history,” said Missouri State AD Patrick Ransdell.
All of which begs the question: Why now?
Many of Delaware’s historic rivals — UMass, App State, Georgia Southern, Old Dominion, James Madison — had already made the leap to FBS, and the Hens’ previous conference, the Colonial, was reeling. Economic conditions at the FCS level made life challenging for administration. The NCAA was making moves to curb future transitions from FCS to FBS, and the school felt its window to make a move was closing.
“We had no choice,” Crook said.
And so, ready or not, the Hens are about to embark on a new era — a chance to prove themselves at a higher level and, perhaps, provide Delaware with a reputation that’s more than a punchline.
“We talk about doing things for the 302 all the time,” interim athletic director Jordan Skolnick said, referencing the area code that serves the entirety of the state. “We want everyone in the state of Delaware to feel the pride in us being successful, and we want people to realize how incredible this place is. It’s not just a place you drive through on 95.”
BACK WHEN MIKE Brey was coaching Delaware’s men’s basketball team to back-to-back tournament appearances in the 1990s, he would often swing by the football offices to talk shop with the Hens’ legendary football coach Tubby Raymond, who won 300 games utilizing a three-back offensive formation dubbed the wing-T. Brey recalls pestering him once about the new spread schemes being run at conference rival New Hampshire by a young coordinator named Chip Kelly. Raymond was a beloved figure at Delaware, and he had helped mentor Brey as a head coach, but he was notoriously old-school.
Raymond huffed, dismissing the tempo offense as “grass basketball,” all style and finesse without the fundamental elements of the game he had coached for decades. The mindset was often pervasive at UD.
“It was in the bricks there,” said Brey, who went on to a 23-year stint coaching at Notre Dame. “Tubby had his kingdom, and nobody was telling him what to do. It was, ‘Leave us alone. We’re good. We’ve got the wing-T.'”
Brey’s contract in those days technically referred to him as a member of the physical education department, and he and his staff had to teach classes during the offseason on basketball skills. Despite Raymond’s retirement in 2001 and an FCS national title in 2003, not much changed. By 2016, when Skolnick arrived to work in the athletic department, a number of coaches were still considered part-time employees, and several programs had to source their own equipment.
But change was brewing.
Old rivals such as App State, Georgia Southern and JMU had left FCS without missing a beat. Delaware had often punched above its weight and churned out genuine stars such as Rich Gannon and Joe Flacco, but the chasm between the haves and have-nots in football was growing. It was clear the Hens needed to invest, though the goal then was to take advantage of the power vacuum among east coast FCS schools.
“I think a lot of people wondered if we’d missed the window,” Skolnick said. “But at that time, the goal was to win as many FCS national championships as we can and resource our teams to be able to compete.”
Delaware football did compete, earning a spot in the FCS playoffs in four of the past six seasons, but another national title eluded the program, and by 2022, with rival James Madison moving up to the Sun Belt, then-AD Chrissi Rawak began to test the waters of a jump to FBS.
The school partnered with consultants who studied the economics of a move, both for the athletic department, which stood to see a $3 to $4 million increase in annual revenue, and for the state, which could enjoy a 50% uptick in economic impact from football alone. Meanwhile, Delaware looked at each FCS school that had made the leap up to FBS in the past 10 years to see how the Hens might stack up. What did Skolnick say the school found? Programs that had already been investing, had a solid recruiting footprint and were committed to football had success.
“We started to check a lot of boxes,” Skolnick said.
There were concerns, of course. The landscape of college football was roiling, and the expense of running a successful program seemed to grow by the day. But the opportunity to generate more revenue was obvious.
In the playoff era, 10 schools have made the leap from FCS to FBS, and nearly all have tasted some level of success. Overall, the group has posted a .548 winning percentage at the FBS level, and seven of the 10 have had seasons with double-digit wins. James Madison, who went from an FCS championship to the Sun Belt in 2022, is 28-9 at the FBS level and enters the 2025 season with legitimate playoff aspirations.
That success, however, is the result of a decades-in-the-making plan, said former JMU athletic director Jeff Bourne. The Dukes kicked the tires on an FBS move as early as 2012 but held steady as the program grew its infrastructure and, when the time came to make a move in 2022, it was ready.
“Before we made that decision, we wanted to prove to ourselves that we could support it financially,” Bourne said. “You had to have the fan base and donor base grow, have our facilities in a place so we could recruit. Looking at it from a broad perspective, it made our move not only prudent but ultimately helped us be successful.”
Off the field, the move has proved equally fortuitous. In JMU’s final year at the FCS level, the athletic department had 4,600 total donors, according to the school. For the 2025 fiscal year, JMU had nearly 11,000. The Dukes have sold out season tickets for three straight years, and high-profile games, including two bowl appearances, have been a boon for admissions.
So, when Conference USA approached Delaware with a formal invitation to join in November 2023, the choice seemed obvious.
“It was pretty clear that, as a flagship institution in our state, we wanted to be aligned with schools that look like us,” Skolnick said. “We want to align our athletic aspirations with our academic ones. Academically we’re one of the best public institutions in the country. Athletically, we’ve had all these incredible moments of success — but they’re moments. They’re spread out. So we felt like this was an opportunity to bring all of it together in a way that will show people — the best way to give people a lens into how special Delaware is, is for our athletic teams to be really successful and create more visibility.”
Brey remembers reading the news of Delaware’s decision to make the jump, and he couldn’t help but think back to his conversations with Raymond nearly 30 years ago. This had been a long time coming, he thought, and yet it still seemed hard to believe.
“I was shocked,” Brey said. “Little old Delaware is finally going for it.”
THERE ARE AMPLE lessons Delaware and Missouri State administrators have learned in the past few months as they’ve worked to ramp up staffing and budgets and add scholarship players for the transition. But if there’s one piece of advice Skolnick would share with other schools considering a similar process, it’s this: Find a time machine.
Delaware announced its intention to jump to FBS in November 2023. Just weeks earlier, the NCAA, in an effort to stem the tide of FCS departures, made changes to the requirements for moving up that, among other things, increased the cost of doing so from $5,000 to $5 million, and Delaware would be the first team to pay it.
That was not a budget line the Blue Hens had accounted for, meaning the school had to raise funds to cover that cost on a tight timeline.
“We had six months to do it,” Skolnick said. “Fortunately, we had people who were really excited about this transition.”
Ransdell took over as AD at Missouri State in August of 2024, just months after the Bears announced their plans to move to Conference USA, and he inherited a budget that wasn’t remotely ready for FBS competition.
“We had to change some things, do some more investing,” he said. “We weren’t really prepared to be an FBS program with the budget I inherited.”
In other words, the buzzword at both schools is the same as it is everywhere in 2025: revenue.
But if budgets have to be stretched with a move up to FBS, there are benefits, too.
Ransdell said Missouri State has sold more season tickets than any year since 2016, buoyed by a home game against SMU on Sept. 13.
Delaware had faced hurdles selling tickets in recent years, thanks in part to a slate of games against opponents its fans hardly recognized. That has changed already, with ample buzz around future home dates with old rivals UConn, Temple and Coastal Carolina. Crook said membership in the booster club is up 10-15% after years of steady declines. This season, Delaware travels to Colorado, and Crook said a caravan of Blue Hens fans will tag along.
On the recruiting trail, Delaware coach Ryan Carty said the conversations are completely different than they were a year ago, and the Hens have been able to add a host of new talent. The Hens’ roster includes 14 transfers from Power 4 programs this year, including Delaware native Noah Matthews, who arrived from Kentucky.
When Matthews was being recruited out of Woodbridge High School, about an hour’s drive down Route 1 through the middle of the state, he never heard from Delaware. It’s not that his home-state school didn’t want him. It’s that, no one on staff believed the Hens had a shot to land a guy with offers in the SEC.
Four years later though, Matthews is back home, and there’s nowhere he would rather be.
“I wanted to come back and show people, this is what Delaware does,” Matthews said. “We can play big-time football, too. After this year, they’ll know exactly who we are.”
For all the hurdles to get their respective programs in a place to compete at the FBS level, the costs are worth it, Ransdell said.
Need proof? Look no further than Sacramento State, a school that has all but begged for an invitation from the Pac-12 or Mountain West, even dangling a supposedly flush NIL fund with more than $35 million raised. And yet, no doors have been opened for the Hornets.
Still, the old guard around Delaware might not be so easily swayed.
Brey has kept a beach house in Delaware since his time coaching in the state, returning the past couple of years to serve as a guest bartender at the popular beach bar The Starboard to raise money for the Blue Hens’ NIL fund. This summer, he was strolling the boardwalk in Rehoboth Beach, chatting with the locals and getting a feel for how fans felt about this new era of Delaware football.
Most were excited, he said, but one — a longtime season-ticket holder — had a different perspective.
“On the first day of fall camp,” the fan told him, “we always knew we could play for a national championship in [FCS]. That’s not possible anymore.”
In other words, Delaware sold its championship aspirations for an admittedly more financially prudent place near the bottom of FBS. And who’s to say FBS football even remains viable as power players in the SEC and Big Ten move ever closer to creating “super leagues?”
“There very well could be a super league,” Bourne said. “There are signs that could happen. But I think when you look at it from the standpoint of your peer group, it’s to be competitive with them. There’s probably going to be a day where there’s a shake-up and you have some existing [power conference] schools that end up being more aligned with [Group of 6] than they are with the upper tier.”
Brey recalls his old friend Bob Hannah, the former Delaware baseball coach who had long been a progressive among the school’s traditionalists, wondering if the Hens might have been a fit in the ACC, had the school just pursued athletics growth in the 1970s and 1980s. The irony, Brey said, is these days, with even power conferences struggling to keep pace with the rapid change and financial strains of modern college sports, that doesn’t seem like such a long shot.
For Skolnick, that’s a worry for another day. Getting Delaware ready for its chance to shine on some of the sport’s biggest stages in 2025 is the priority. Delaware — the school and the state — hasn’t had many of these moments, and it’s an opportunity the Hens don’t want to miss.
“We’ve got to be ready for what we’re moving into, but everyone in college athletics is dealing with change,” Skolnick said. “That part is comforting. It’s more of an opportunity for us to do it our way. We’re too great of a historical and successful and traditional team to not be part of the conversation.”
-
Sports3 years ago‘Storybook stuff’: Inside the night Bryce Harper sent the Phillies to the World Series
-
Sports1 year agoStory injured on diving stop, exits Red Sox game
-
Sports2 years agoGame 1 of WS least-watched in recorded history
-
Sports2 years agoMLB Rank 2023: Ranking baseball’s top 100 players
-
Sports4 years ago
Team Europe easily wins 4th straight Laver Cup
-
Sports2 years agoButton battles heat exhaustion in NASCAR debut
-
Environment2 years agoJapan and South Korea have a lot at stake in a free and open South China Sea
-
Environment11 months agoHere are the best electric bikes you can buy at every price level in October 2024