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MPs have earned £17.1m on top of their salaries in this parliament, with around two-thirds of the money going to just 20 MPs.

As part of Westminster Accounts, a joint project between Sky News and Tortoise Media to shine a light on how money works in politics, we found the majority of the extra earnings went to Tory politicians – a total of £15.2m – while Labour MPs earned an additional £1.2m.

All MPs are paid a base salary of £84,144.

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How to explore the database for yourself

Former prime minister Theresa May received the most on the list, earning £2,550,876 since the session began in December 2019.

Meanwhile, Labour’s shadow foreign secretary David Lammy topped his party’s list with additional earnings of £202,599.

The debate over second jobs dominated 2021 after former Tory MP Owen Paterson became embroiled in a lobbying scandal that eventually led to his resignation.

MP earnings

Other high-profile cases of MPs staying within the rules but earning thousands for outside work emerged, and demands for reform began to ring from all corners of the Commons.

Some changes are due to come into effect later this year, with MPs to be banned from taking on work as political or parliamentary consultants from March.

One source involved in drafting the new rules suggested this could impact the second jobs of around 30 MPs.

But they will not prevent others from earning significant amounts for speeches, TV appearances and legal work.

As mentioned, Mrs May has accrued the most in the past three years with a lengthy list of speaking engagements.

Her single biggest pay cheque came from Cambridge Speaker Series, who gave her £408,200 for six talks in California, as well as flights and accommodation for her and a member of staff.

Mrs May was able to earn £38,000 from MPSF for a talk she gave virtually.

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How you can explore the Westminster Accounts

Perhaps most notable, however, is the money she received from the World Travel and Tourism Council for a speech she gave in November.

Her entry in the register of members’ interests makes no mention of the fact this £107,600 speech was delivered in Saudi Arabia – a country she blocked ministers and officials from visiting for a period while she was prime minister following the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.

Mrs May has said the money she earns goes into a company called the Office of Theresa May Limited, from which she pays herself a salary of £85,000 a year. The rest of the cash, she says, goes to support her charitable work, though it is not known how much, and to pay for other activities as a former prime minister.

MPs are not required to make public their charitable donations, but Mrs May does carry out extensive charitable work – including for diabetes groups.

Despite repeated requests for comment about her earnings, no response has been received from Mrs May.

The next highest paid MP for work outside of parliament was Sir Geoffrey Cox, who totted up £2,191,387 from nine different law firms and a local Conservative association.

Sir Geoffrey Cox pictured when he was attorney general. Pic: UK Parliament
Image:
Sir Geoffrey Cox pictured when he was attorney general. Pic: UK Parliament

There was controversy last year when the former attorney general was found to have earned over £800,000 from the law firm Withers for his work on an inquiry into corruption in the British Virgin Islands.

His earnings from Withers have now risen to over £1.8m in the past three years.

In a statement, Sir Geoffrey said: “A barrister retained to advise in a case is no more to be personally identified with the purposes and views of his client than a plumber with the views of his customer or a doctor with those of his patient.

“Therefore, there is no conflict of interest between my work as a barrister and my role as a member of parliament. On the other hand, I frequently put my experience and understanding of the law at the service of my constituents in helping them to resolve their individual problems in my regular advice surgeries.”

The former attorney general added: “Private practice as a barrister is certainly no more time consuming and demanding than the role of attorney general. If it is possible to carry out the role of an MP while also the senior law officer, it is certainly possible to do so while continuing selective practice at the Bar.”

The third spot in the list of parliament’s biggest earners is taken by another former prime minister, Boris Johnson.

The Uxbridge MP has rocketed up the earnings rankings, declaring more than a million pounds in earnings since he stepped down from office last September.

Almost all of his declared earnings since the last election came from just four speeches in October and November last, one of which in New York was paid at a rate of around £32,500 per hour.

The fourth spot went to another Tory MP, Fiona Bruce, who earned £711,749 from her own law firm on top of her salary.

Fiona Bruce. Pic: UK Parliament
Image:
Tory MP Fiona Bruce. Pic: UK Parliament

In a statement to Sky News, Ms Bruce said: “Much of the sum declared is in fact tax paid directly to HMRC on my behalf which, to be scrupulously correct, I have declared though not personally received.”

She added: “Examination of my entries shows the limited hours I spend in the law firm; this limited time does not detract from my commitment to my constituents.”

Fellow Conservative Sir John Redwood came in fifth, earning £692,438 with the majority coming from his “global strategist” role at investment firm Charles Stanley.

And sixth place is Foreign Office minister Andrew Mitchell with £464,232 – over £100,000 of which was paid from advising investment bank SouthBridge on “African matters”. Mr Mitchell’s earnings were accrued while he was on the backbenches. He resigned from all his outside interests when he returned to government in October.

Other notable names in the list include former chancellor Sajid Javid, who has earned £361,566 from advising banks on the global economy and giving speeches.

Conservative MP Sir Bill Wiggin has made over £250,000 as an asset manager – running four funds, all based in the tax havens of the Caymans and the island of Bermuda, while ex-transport secretary Chris Grayling, known for granting a £14m ferry contract to a company with no ships, is now making £100,000 a year advising a ports and shipping business.

Only two Labour MPs made it into the top 20 earners, one of which is David Lammy, who has declared income from more than 40 different sources – the most of any MP on our list.

David Lammy
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Shadow foreign secretary David Lammy

The shadow foreign secretary has listed at least 30 speaking and training engagements since December 2019, worth around £100,000, as well as more than £87,000 for a radio programme on LBC.

Sky News approached both Mr Lammy and the Labour Party to ask whether his work would qualify as an “exemption” from Sir Keir Starmer’s planned ban on second jobs, but no response was received.

However, Mr Lammy has in the past made an impassioned defence of his work on his radio show, saying: “Why am I here? Why am I pleased to be here? One because I am the only black presenter on LBC. It’s important for my constituents – I love the fact they approach me and can hear me putting views that they agree with out there into the public.”

Jess Phillips is the only other Labour MP in the top 20, ranking at number 19 with £162,838 of external earnings that come from a range of places – including almost £65,000 for an advance on a book, £25,000 for appearing on Have I Got News For You, and just shy of £30,000 for columns in the Independent.

Outside earnings for the Liberal Democrats totalled £171,000 – but £159,758 of that has been earned by party leader, Sir Ed Davey, who is the 21st highest earning MP.

He earns £5,000 a month as a political consultant for Herbert Smith Freehills and £37,984 as an asset manager for solar projects.

Commenting on the Westminster Accounts findings on MPs’ earnings, Hannah White, director of the Institute for Government, said the party affiliation of those receiving the most outside income showed why reform has been slow.

She told Sky News: “When you look at the data, it is very clear that there is a party pattern to which MPs are getting outside earnings.”

“I think that points to one reason why there hasn’t been a big incentive to sort this out in this parliament.

“[It explains] why it has been the case that although parliament decided that it wanted to put some restrictions on outside earnings, really the changes that have been made are pretty minimal, and there’s no real incentive on the ruling Conservative Party to push their MPs to change something like that”.

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Doctors in England return to work after five-day strike

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Doctors in England return to work after five-day strike

Wes Streeting has pledged to do all he can to avoid industrial action in 2026, as doctors in England return to work following a five-day walkout.

The health secretary said the strike, coupled with surging flu cases, constituted “the most serious threat to the NHS” since he began the role a year and a half ago.

He said: “The double whammy of strike action and flu this December posed the most serious threat to the NHS since I became health and social care secretary.

“The health service has only been able to cope because of the extraordinary efforts of the dedicated staff who work in it, and the hardest yards are in the weeks ahead as we get the NHS through the busiest weeks of the year.

“To everyone who played a role in keeping NHS services running through this exceptionally challenging month, thank you for the real difference you have made.

“I do not want to see a single day of industrial action in the NHS in 2026 and will be doing everything I can to make this a reality.

“My door remains open, as it always has done, and I’m determined to resume discussions with the BMA in the new eear to put an end to these damaging cycles of disruption.”

More on Nhs


Doctors’ strike begins at ‘worst possible time’ for NHS says health secretary

The strike took place after The British Medical Association (BMA) said 83% of English members had rejected a fresh proposal from the Labour government.

Sir Keir Starmer called the action “irresponsible”, while Mr Streeting accused the union of a “shocking disregard for patient safety”.

The BMA said the strike was “entirely avoidable” and has demanded a “credible offer” for English doctors to avert “real-terms pay cuts”.

The government’s offer had included a fast expansion of specialist training posts as well as covering out-of-pocket expenses such as exam fees.

It also offered to extend the union’s strike mandate to enable any walkout to be rescheduled to January.


Flu hits record for time of year

It does not address resident doctors’ demand for a 26% salary rise over the next few years to make up for the erosion in their pay in real terms since 2008 – this is on top of a 28.9% increase they have had over the last three years.

Public support for the strikes is low, according to a recent YouGov poll.

The results showed 58% of those asked either somewhat or strongly opposed the industrial action, while 33% somewhat or strongly supported it.

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Fears Palestine Action hunger striker will die in prison after 43 days without food

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Fears Palestine Action hunger striker will die in prison after 43 days without food

The family of a Palestine Action prisoner on day 43 of a hunger strike says she could die in prison if the UK government does not intervene.

Teuta Hoxha, 29, has been on remand, awaiting trial for 13 months. Her sister told Sky News she suffers from continuous headaches, mobility issues, and can no longer stand for prayer.

They fear the worst.

“I know that she’s already instructed the doctors on what to do if she collapses and she’s instructed them on what to do if she passes away,” Teuta’s younger sister Rahma said. “She’s only 29 – she’s not even 30 yet and nobody should be thinking about that,” she added.

“She’s been on remand for over a year, her trial’s not until April next year and bail keeps getting denied.”

Teuta Hoxha's sister, Rahma
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Teuta Hoxha’s sister, Rahma

Rahma, 17, said despite ill health, Teuta calls her from prison every day to help with homework.

“She’s like my mother figure,” she said. “Our mother passed away when I was really young.

“Teuta took care of me and my siblings and made sure to read us bedtime stories. She’s always there for me and even from prison, she’s helping me do my homework and revise for exams.”

“My sister is a caring and loving person,” Rahma added. “It feels like the state has taken a piece of me.”

Teuta Hoxha
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Teuta Hoxha

Teuta Hoxha with her sister Rahma
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Teuta Hoxha with her sister Rahma

Teuta is among eight Palestine Action prisoners who have been on hunger strike. They are all on remand, awaiting trial for offences relating to alleged break-ins or criminal damage, with some having been in custody for over 12 months. They all deny the charges.

The hunger strikers demand an end to the UK’s hosting of weapons factories supplying arms to Israel, the de-proscription of Palestine Action, an end to mistreatment of prisoners in custody, and immediate bail.

Read more:
Five Palestine Action hunger strikers taken to hospital
Palestine Action can challenge terror ban after court verdict

Their families warn young British citizens will die in UK prisons having never been convicted on an offence.

UK law sets out custody time limits to safeguard unconvicted defendants by preventing them from being held in pre-trial custody for an excessive period of time. The regulations governing these limits require the prosecution to progress cases to trial diligently and expeditiously.

The government has said it will not intervene in ongoing legal cases.

Minister of state for prisons, probation and reducing reoffending Lord Timpson said: “These prisoners are charged with serious offences including aggravated burglary and criminal damage.

“Remand decisions are for independent judges, and lawyers can make representations to the court on behalf of their clients.

“Ministers will not meet with them – we have a justice system that is based on the separation of powers, and the independent judiciary is the cornerstone of our system. It would be entirely unconstitutional and inappropriate for ministers to intervene in ongoing legal cases.”

On Monday, Teuta is set to mark her 30th birthday behind bars. There will be no birthday cake, Rahma said.

“The only form of resistance she has is her body and that’s what she is using against the state.”

A spokesperson for HMP Peterborough declined to comment on specific individuals, but said all prisoners are managed in line with government policies and procedures.

They continued: “If any prisoner has specific complaints, we encourage them to raise them directly with the prison, as there are numerous channels available for addressing such concerns.”

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‘My therapist was supposed to be looking after me… but I stopped caring about me’

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'My therapist was supposed to be looking after me... but I stopped caring about me'

Warning: This article contains references to suicide and sexual assault

“We spoke every day… whether it was Facetime, messaging, or calling. I stopped caring about me. I had anxiety and my aim was to help her. I was suicidal for sure, and I did express that to her regularly.”

Kira Mitchell, 35, was assigned a therapist by the NHS after a bereavement in her family.

At first, they bonded over shared interests, but it soon became clear that the therapist had blurred professional boundaries.

The therapist, who was meant to be helping her, began divulging personal details, leaving Kira feeling more like the therapist than the patient.

'I stopped caring about me,' says Kira
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‘I stopped caring about me,’ says Kira

“I felt anxiety around her, I was so concerned about her wellbeing. She had a family issue, someone passed away, and she told me it should have been her.

“That’s really distressing anyway… but it was my therapist who is supposed to be looking after me.”

Kira started to feel that something wasn’t right soon after the therapist started calling her and hanging up. She would later say the calls were accidents.

Kira's therapist would tell her she loved her
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Kira’s therapist would tell her she loved her

“I stopped caring about me,” Kira says. “I had anxiety and my aim was to help her.”

As Kira’s mental health deteriorated, she reported the therapist’s behaviour and she was dismissed.

But that therapist continues to practice privately – there’s nothing stopping her from calling herself a therapist in the UK today.

She remains on a professional register and advertises her services online, without any public record of what happened.

Kira's therapist was supposed to help - but became overbearing and made her anxious
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Kira’s therapist was supposed to help – but became overbearing and made her anxious

The legal grey zone

In the UK, anyone can call themself a therapist – as Kira’s story shows.

There is no regulation for counsellors and psychotherapists, while only certain types of psychologists are regulated.

These titles aren’t legally protected, so in practice, anyone can set themselves up as a therapist, without formal training, qualifications, or oversight; even after misconduct.

And not many people know this.

Anyone can call themself a therapist
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Anyone can call themself a therapist

According to the latest figures from the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) and YouGov, nearly half (48%) of Britons mistakenly think that therapist is a regulated title like a doctor, midwife or dentist.

Meanwhile, nearly nine in 10 people don’t know that there are no regulations around the title “therapist” in the UK, the BACP/YouGov found.

Since the COVID pandemic, the demand for mental health support has surged, alongside a cultural boom in ‘therapy-speak’ across social media, wellness, and self-help spaces.

There have also been some high-profile cases of people being abused by their therapists.

In 2024, Ella Janneh won a civil case against therapist Michael Lousada, who sexually assaulted her during a therapy session. His defence was that Ms Janneh asked for penile penetration as a “therapeutic technique”.

Ella Janneh was sexually assaulted during therapy
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Ella Janneh was sexually assaulted during therapy

Michael Lousada was ordered to pay £217,000 in damages
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Michael Lousada was ordered to pay £217,000 in damages

Labour MP Dawn Butler, who was present at the civil court case, says the situation is urgent.

“This has to be a regulated industry,” she told me. “It’s such an abuse of power and of someone’s vulnerability, and this needs to be looked into further and the law needs to change.”

Last December, “slapping therapist” Hongchi Xiao was jailed for 10 years after a diabetic woman died following one of his workshops.

While voluntary registers like those maintained by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy and the UK Council for Psychotherapy (UKCP) exist, they are not legally mandated.

This lack of statutory regulation means there is no guarantee of competence or accountability for those using these titles.

'Slapping therapist' Hongchi Xiao was jailed for 10 years
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‘Slapping therapist’ Hongchi Xiao was jailed for 10 years

Lib Dem MP Layla Moran, chair of the Health and Social Care Select Committee, told me she fears “more people will die”.

“We’ve seen some tragic cases of this happening,” she said. “It’s simply not good enough. It leaves families bereft, but it also means that good therapists, people who are doing it for the right reasons, are tarnished by this brush.”

Health Secretary Wes Streeting told me that he shares concerns over the lack of regulation.

“I’m always open to looking at this,” he said.

“I think we do need to make sure that people can’t be duped, that people who present themselves as medical professionals, are medical professionals.

“So, I am very happy to get into this space and to look at where the law needs to be tightened up.”

'We need to make sure that people can't be duped,' says the health secretary
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‘We need to make sure that people can’t be duped,’ says the health secretary

Alternative therapy

Demand for therapy is surging – with mental health services in England getting a record 5.2 million referrals during 2024 (up 37.9% from 2019), according to the British Medical Association (BMA).

Services like Better Help and other apps have become like Uber for the mental health world, allowing users to sign up and be matched with the next available licensed board-accredited therapist within days.

But unregulated therapy isn’t a problem for everyone.

Demand for therapy is surging
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Demand for therapy is surging

With no legal protection around who can call themselves a counsellor, psychotherapist, or even psychologist, clients often rely on trust, personal rapport, or reputation rather than verified training or credentials.

This kind of situation is surprisingly common.

According to the same research from the BACP and YouGov, only half of people who have been in therapy say they checked their practitioner’s qualifications at all.

‘Therapist asked me to drive her to Selfridges’

Maryam Meddin is the founder of The Soke, an organisation she started to address the unregulated grey area in the industry.

The issue is something she has personal experience of.

Maryam Meddin started The Soke to address the unregulated grey area in the industry
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Maryam Meddin started The Soke to address the unregulated grey area in the industry

“I was very interested in finding a therapist and somebody recommended someone to me who was visiting from the States.

“I ended up having a two-hour session with a woman who made herself breakfast while I was there… she divulged some information about the mutual acquaintance, who was also one of her clients, and at the end of the session she asked me to drive her to Selfridges.”

Maryam says that it would be “a step in the right direction” if it was made compulsory – through statutory regulation – for therapists to be accredited to a particular body or organisation.

The UKCP agrees with this and says it would support statutory regulation of the profession.

Some online services allow users to be matched with therapists within days
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Some online services allow users to be matched with therapists within days

Patients ‘putting huge trust in therapists’

The Professional Standards Authority (PSA), a healthcare regulator, said it is concerned about people accessing unregistered therapists “and the harm that can be caused”.

“Service users are placing a huge amount of trust and confidence in their therapists,” it told Sky News.

Kira’s therapist is still registered with the UKCP, which says it cannot comment on individual cases.

There is an ongoing investigation – Kira’s therapist appealed against the NHS decision, and interim suspension orders from the UKCP are only for extreme cases.

The NHS Trust which assigned Kira’s therapist says it is “unable to comment on individual employment matters” but adds the “safety and wellbeing of our patients is our highest priority”.

A spokesperson added: “The NHS is not responsible for regulating or overseeing private therapy practice and any concerns about a therapist’s conduct in private practice should be raised directly with that organisation or regulator.”

Kira's therapist still operates and advertises her services online
Image:
Kira’s therapist still operates and advertises her services online

Meanwhile, the UKCP said: “In the absence of statutory regulation, we urge anyone seeking therapy to choose a practitioner listed on a PSA-accredited register, such as UKCP’s.

“These registers are independently assured, set high standards for training and ethics and include clear systems for accountability and redress if something goes wrong.”

Placing trust in ethics and transparency

The word therapy has a lot of weight to it, and it’s used everywhere.

It’s become less taboo to hear people talking about their mental health and for millions of people around the UK it’s an important part of their lives.

The UK hasn’t seriously considered regulating the profession since 2010, when discussions that were previously held under the Labour government stalled when the Conservative/LibDem coalition took power.

Years later, the landscape has transformed: therapy has become an online talking point popularised by Instagram infographics, trauma-language TikToks and self-diagnosis trends.

There is no regulation for counsellors and psychotherapists, while only certain types of psychologists are regulated
Image:
There is no regulation for counsellors and psychotherapists, while only certain types of psychologists are regulated

The quality of care often depends not on rules or oversight, but on the ethics and transparency of individual practitioners.

Some therapists maintain rigorous standards regardless of accreditation; others operate with minimal training, no supervision, and no route for accountability if something goes wrong.

The public, meanwhile, is largely unaware of the difference.

Anyone feeling emotionally distressed or suicidal can call Samaritans for help on 116 123 or email jo@samaritans.org in the UK. In the US, call the Samaritans branch in your area or 1 (800) 273-TALK

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