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Editor’s note: This page will be updated as new data about XBB.1.5 emerges.

A new flavor of the omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was identified in October 2022. In the past several weeks, it has steadily gained prominence in the United States. The subvariant is known as XBB.1.5 but has also been given the unofficial nickname “Kraken,” after the mythical sea monster.

Here’s what we know so far about XBB.1.5 so far.

Related: Most widely used COVID-19 vaccines and how they work How did XBB.1.5 emerge and where is it spreading?

Scientists first identified XBB.1.5 in New York state in October 2022, The New York Times reported (opens in new tab) . 

The subvariant stems from a broader branch of the omicron family tree known as “XBB,” which emerged as a result of two earlier versions of omicron — BA.2.10.1 and BA.2.75 — swapping genes, according to the World Health Organization (opens in new tab) (WHO). These closely related omicron subvariants had the opportunity to swap genes when they infected the same person at the same time. 

From their two parents, XBB viruses gained mutations that helped them evade protective antibodies gained through prior COVID-19 infections and through vaccinations. But there was a tradeoff: XBB viruses simultaneously lost some of their ability to bind tightly to cells, a key step in infection, the New York Times reported. This may explain why other versions of omicron initially outcompeted XBB viruses.

However, as XBB viruses spread, they picked up new mutations and XBB.1.5, a.k.a. the “Kraken,” was born. The Kraken harbors a mutation called F486P, which appears to restore the virus’s ability to tightly latch onto cells, researchers reported Jan. 5 in research posted to the preprint database bioRxiv (opens in new tab) . (This research has not yet been peer-reviewed or published in a scientific journal.)

In a Jan. 4 news conference (opens in new tab) , WHO Director-General Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (opens in new tab) reported that XBB.1.5 is “on the increase in the U.S. and Europe and has now been identified in more than 25 countries.” Genomic data submitted to the open access database GISAID (opens in new tab) shows that U.S., U.K., Austria, Denmark, Canada, Israel and Germany have detected the most XBB.1.5 sequences so far, and that the subvariant remains relatively rare elsewhere. How easily does it spread?

Available evidence suggests that XBB.1.5 is the “most transmissible” omicron descendent yet detected, Maria Van Kerkhove (opens in new tab) , the WHO’s COVID-19 technical lead, said at a news conference on Jan. 4, according to The New York Times. In the U.S., XBB.1.5 is beginning to gain dominance over other circulating omicron subvariants. 

In early December, the Kraken made up an estimated 2% of all COVID-19 cases in the U.S., The Washington Post reported (opens in new tab) . That figure jumped to 40% in the last week of December, STAT reported (opens in new tab) . 

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (opens in new tab) (CDC) have not yet analyzed all the data from early January 2023, but their current projections suggest that XBB.1.5 accounted for more than 27% of U.S. cases in the first week of the year. In the northeastern U.S., where XBB.1.5 was first detected and remains most common, the subvariant accounts for more than 70% of new cases, according to The Washington Post.

That said, nationwide, other flavors of omicron — namely BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 — were still circulating at comparable levels to XBB.1.5 during the first week of January, the CDC’s projections suggest.Is XBB.1.5 more likely to cause severe disease?

Scientists will need to see many weeks of hospitalization and death data before determining whether XBB.1.5 is more likely to trigger severe disease compared with earlier versions of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. 

As the U.S. experiences a nationwide surge in COVID-19 infections, “we’re seeing hospitalizations have been notching up overall across the country,” Dr. Barbara Mahon (opens in new tab) , director of CDC’s Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, told NBC News (opens in new tab) . “They don’t appear to be notching up more in the areas that have more XBB.1.5,” which hints that the subvariant isn’t necessarily more likely to cause severe disease than its predecessors. How well do boosters and treatments work against XBB.1.5?

Early data suggests that the so-called bivalent boosters — the two recently updated boosters made by Moderna and Pfizer — offer decent protection against XBB viruses, despite the lineage’s ability to evade antibodies, according to a Dec. 21 report in the New England Journal of Medicine (opens in new tab) . 

“Lab studies suggest that the bivalent vaccine is still effective in protecting against severe disease, though perhaps not as much against infection,” Andy Pekosz (opens in new tab) , a professor of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, said in a statement (opens in new tab) . “XBB.1.5 is derived from the omicron variant BA.2, and while the current bivalent vaccine was developed for the BA.5 variant, it has been shown to generate antibodies that recognize BA.2,” he said.RELATED STORIES—COVID-19 may trigger diabetes by causing fat cells to go haywire

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“Things like boosters are always beneficial,” Kristian Andersen (opens in new tab) , a professor in the department of immunology and microbiology who tracks coronavirus variants at the Scripps Research Institute, told The Washington Post. “Even if you get infected, you are expected to have less viral load, and you are expected to be able to transmit the virus less.”

(Notably, as of Jan. 4, less than 16% of eligible U.S. residents had received a bivalent booster, the CDC reported (opens in new tab) .)

Palxovid, an oral antiviral pill used to treat COVID-19, will be effective at treating infections with XBB.1.5, The New York Times reported. The pill may not be prescribed to all COVID-19 patients, as it’s not compatible with certain medications, Pakosz noted, “but overall, for the vast majority of people, Paxlovid is still a good drug to be prescribed if you get COVID-19.”

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‘I have nightmares of dead bodies’: Patients dying and undiscovered for hours in hospital corridors

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'I have nightmares of dead bodies': Patients dying and undiscovered for hours in hospital corridors

Patients are dying in corridors and going undiscovered for hours while the sick are left to soil themselves, nurses have said, revealing the scale of the corridor crisis inside the UK’s hospitals.

In a “harrowing” report built from the experiences of more than 5,000 NHS nursing staff, the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) found almost seven in 10 (66.81%) say they are delivering care in overcrowded or unsuitable places, including converted cupboards, corridors and even car parks, on a daily basis.

Demoralised staff are looking after as many as 40 patients in a single corridor, unable to access oxygen, cardiac monitors, suction and other lifesaving equipment.

Women are miscarrying in corridors, while some nurses report being unable to carry out adequate CPR on patients having heart attacks.

Sara (not her real name) said she was on shift when a doctor told her there was a dying patient who had been waiting in the hospital’s corridor for six hours.

“It took a further two hours to get her into an adequate care space to make her clean and comfortable,” she told Sky News.

“That’s a human being, someone in the last hours of their life in the middle of a corridor with a detoxing patient vomiting and being abusive behind them and a very poorly patient in front of them, who was confused, screaming in pain. It was awful on the family, and it was awful on the patient.”

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Dead patients ‘not found for hours’

A nurse working in the southeast of England quit her job after witnessing an elderly lady in “animal-like conditions”.

She told the RCN: “A 90-year-old lady with dementia was scared, crying and urinating in the bed after asking several times for help to the toilet. Seeing that lady, frightened and subjected to animal-like conditions is what broke me.

“At the end of that shift, I handed in my notice with no job to go to. I will not work where this is a normal day-to-day occurrence.”

Another nurse in the South East said a patient died in a corridor and “wasn’t discovered for hours”.

Sara told Sky another woman needed resuscitating after the oxygen underneath her trolley ran out. Sara was one of just two nurses caring for more than 30 patients on that corridor.

“I have had nightmares – I have a nightmare that I walk out in the corridor and there are dead bodies in body bags on the trolleys,” she said, growing visibly emotional.

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No electricity to plug in computers

One nurse, who spoke to Sky News, said the conditions were “undignified” and “inhumane”.

“It’s not just corridors – we utilise chairs, cupboards, whatever space is available in the hospital to be repurposed into a care space, in the loosest sense of that term. These spaces are unsafe.”

Some spaces, she said, don’t even have basic electricity for nurses to plug in their computers.

The nurse, who spoke to Sky on the condition of anonymity, said she has experienced burnout multiple times over the state of her workplace.

“I have come to the conclusion this week I don’t think I can continue working in the NHS or as a nurse,” she said.

“It breaks my soul; I love what I do when I am able to do it in the right way. I like caring for people, I like making people better, I also like providing a dignified death.”

She added: “I want to look after the institution I was born into, but for the sake of my family and my mental health, I don’t know how much more I can give.”

With 32,000 nursing vacancies in England alone, data also shows around one in eight nurses leave the profession within five years of qualifying.

Nurses are being forced to provide care in hospital corridors and car parks. Pic: PA
Image:
Nurses are being forced to provide care in hospital corridors and car parks. Pic: PA

Staff ‘not proud of the care they are giving’

The Royal College of Nursing (RCN) says the testimony, which runs to over 400 pages, must mark a “moment in time”. In May 2024, the RCN declared a “national emergency” over corridor care in NHS services.

Professor Nicola Ranger, RCN general secretary and chief executive, said: “At the moment, [nursing staff] are not proud of the care they are giving.”

“We hear stories of escalation areas and temporary beds that have been open for two years,” she added. “That is no longer escalation, it’s understaffed and underfunded capacity that is pretty shocking care for patients. We have to get a grip on that.”

Read more: Hospital advertises for corridor nurse amid NHS winter crisis

She called the situation “a disgrace”, citing abuse of staff as another reason for people leaving the profession in droves.

Last week, a nurse was left with “life-changing injuries” after being stabbed by a man while at work.

“The NHS used to be the envy of the world and we need to take a long hard look at ourselves and say ‘what needs to change?’

“The biggest concern for us is that the public Is starting to lose a little faith in their care, and that has to stop. We absolutely have to sort this out.”

Commenting on the RCN’s report, Duncan Burton, chief nursing officer for England, said the NHS had experienced one of the “toughest winters” in recent months, and the report “should never be considered the standard to which the NHS aspires”.

“Despite the challenges the NHS faces, we are seeing extraordinary efforts from staff who are doing everything they can to provide safe, compassionate care every day,” he added. “As a nurse, I know how distressing it can be when you are unable to provide the very best standards of care for patients.”

Have you experienced corridor care in an NHS hospital? Get in touch on NHSstories@sky.uk

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Tesla is offering Cybertruck discounts as EV market gets crowded

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Tesla is offering Cybertruck discounts as EV market gets crowded

A soldier walks next to a Tesla Cybertruck, which was donated to the National Guard, after powerful winds fueling devastating wildfires in the Los Angeles area forced people to evacuate, in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood on the west side of Los Angeles, California, U.S. Jan. 13, 2025. 

Daniel Cole | Reuters

Tesla started offering discounts on new Cybertruck vehicles in its inventory this week, according to listings on the company’s website.

Discounts are as high as $1,600 off new Cybertrucks, with the reduced price depending on configuration, and up to around $2,600 for demo versions of the trucks in inventory, the listings show. Production of the angular, unpainted steel pickups has reportedly slowed in recent weeks at Tesla’s factory in Austin, Texas.

Deliveries of the unconventional pickup began reaching customers in 2023. CEO Elon Musk originally unveiled the Cybertruck in 2019 and said it would cost around $40,000, but its base price in the U.S. was closer to $80,000 over the course of 2024.

Wall Street previously viewed the Cybertruck as an important driver of growth for Tesla’s core automotive sales.

While the Cybertruck outsold the Ford Lightning F-150 last year in the U.S. and became the fifth best-selling EV domestically, according to data tracked by Cox Automotive, its high price, repeat recalls and production issues in Austin hampered growth. In November, Tesla initiated its sixth recall in a year  to replace defective drive inverters.

As CNBC previously reported, Tesla’s deliveries declined slightly year-over-year in 2024, even as EV demand worldwide reached a record. A slew of new competitive models from a wide range of automakers eroded Tesla’s market share.

According to Cox data, full-year EV sales reached an estimated 1.3 million in 2024 in the U.S., an increase of 7.3% from the prior year. But Tesla’s sales for the year declined by about 37,000 vehicles.

The Tesla Model Y SUV and Model 3 sedan ranked as the top two best-selling EVs by a wide margin. But both older, more affordable Tesla models saw sales drop from the previous year. Cox estimated Tesla sold around 38,965 Cybertrucks in the U.S. last year.

In recent days, Musk apologized to customers in California for delays in delivering their Cybertrucks. He said the trucks are now being used to bring supplies and wireless internet service to people in Los Angeles impacted by devastating wildfires.

“Apologies to those expecting Cybertruck deliveries in California over the next few days,” Musk wrote on X. “We need to use those trucks as mobile base stations to provide power to Starlink Internet terminals in areas of LA without connectivity. A new truck will be delivered end of week.”

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Goldman Sachs CEO Solomon says IPO market is ‘going to pick up’ along with dealmaking

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Goldman Sachs CEO Solomon says IPO market is 'going to pick up' along with dealmaking

David Solomon, CEO of Goldman Sachs, speaks during the Reuters NEXT conference, in New York City, U.S., December 10, 2024. 

Mike Segar | Reuters

Goldman Sachs CEO David Solomon says there’s an end in sight to the multi-year IPO drought.

“It’s going to pick up,” Solomon said on Wednesday, in an on-stage interview with Cisco CEO Chuck Robbins at a summit hosted by the computer networking company in Silicon Valley. “It’s been slow, it’s been turned off.”

Solomon, who flew to California for the event just after his Wall Street bank reported fourth-quarter results that blew past analysts’ estimates, said the capital markets broadly are showing signs of life ahead of President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration next week.

The tech IPO market has largely been dormant since the end of 2021, when tech stocks started falling out of favor due to soaring inflation and rising interest rates. Mergers and acquisitions have been difficult in technology because of hefty regulation that’s restricted the ability for the biggest companies to grow through dealmaking.

Solomon said the mood is changing, and he expects momentum M&A as well as in IPOs.

“We have a more constructive kind of optimism, which always helps,” Solomon said. He later added that, “broadly speaking, I think it’s an improved business environment.”

Earlier in the day, Solomon said on his company’s earnings call that Trump’s election and a swing back to Republican power in Washington is already starting to make an impact in the business world. He noted on the call that “there is a significant backlog from sponsors and an overall increased appetite for dealmaking supported by an improved regulatory backdrop.”

Solomon’s comments on the call and at the Cisco event came on a day when the S&P 500 posted his biggest gain since November, helped by a tame inflation report and Goldman’s results. Goldman’s stock popped 6% on Wednesday.

While the stock market has had a strong two-year run and the S&P 500 and Nasdaq hit fresh records last month, IPOs have yet to see a resurgence. Cloud software vendor ServiceTitan debuted on the Nasdaq in December, marking the first significant venture-backed IPO in the U.S. since Rubrik in April.

“The values came down after 2021, people are growing back into those values,” Solomon said at the Cisco summit.

Some companies have said they’re ready. Chipmaker Cerebras filed to go public in September, but the process was slowed down due to a review by the Treasury Department’s Committee on Foreign Investment in the U.S., or CFIUS. In November, online lender Klarna said it had confidentially filed IPO paperwork with the SEC.

Though he’s bullish about what’s coming, Solomon said that there are structural reasons not to go public. He said 25 years ago there were roughly 13,000 public companies in the U.S., and today that number has come down to 3,800. There are higher standards around disclosure for being public, and there’s now tons of private capital available “at scale.”

“It’s not fun being a public company,” Solomon acknowledged. “Who would want to be a public company?”

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