A famous, 9,000-year-old human skull discovered near the biblical city of Jericho now has a new face, thanks to efforts by a multi-national team of researchers.
The so-called Jericho Skull — one of seven unearthed by British archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon in 1953 and currently housed in the British Museum in London — was found covered in plaster and with shells for eyes, apparently in an attempt to make it look more lifelike.
This prehistoric design was “the first facial reconstruction in the world,” Brazilian graphics expert Cícero Moraes (opens in new tab) , the leader of the project, told Live Science in an email.
In 2016, the British Museum released precise measurements of the Jericho Skull (opens in new tab) , based on a micro-computed tomography, or micro-CT — effectively a very detailed X-ray scan. The measurements were then used to create a virtual 3D model of the skull, and the model was used to make an initial facial approximation.
But the new approximation, published online on Dec. 22 in the journal OrtogOnline (opens in new tab) , uses different techniques to determine how the face may have looked, and goes further by artistically adding head and facial hair.
Related: 30 amazing facial reconstructions, from stone age shamans to King Tut’s father
Although the skull was initially thought to be female, later observations determined it belonged to a male individual, Moraes said, so the new approximation shows the face of a dark-haired man in his 30s or 40s. (Based on how a lesion on the skull has healed, archaeologists suggest he was “middle-aged” by today’s standards when he died.)
An initial facial reconstruction was made from the anatomy of the skull in 2016, but the new reconstruction uses advanced digital techniques. (Image credit: Cicero Moraes/Thiago Beaini/Moacir Santos)
An unusual feature of the British Museum’s Jericho Skull is that the cranium, or upper skull, is significantly larger than average, Moraes said.
In addition, the skull seems to have been artificially elongated when the man was very young, probably by tightly binding it; some of the other plastered skulls found by Kenyon (opens in new tab) also show signs of this, but the reason isn’t known.Jericho skulls
Jericho, now a Palestinian city in the West Bank, is thought to be one of the oldest settlements in the world.
It appears in the biblical Book of Joshua as the first Canaanite city attacked by the Israelites after they crossed the Jordan River in about 1400 B.C. According to the biblical story, Jericho’s walls collapsed after Joshua ordered the Israelites to circle the city for seven days while carrying the Ark of the Covenant, and then to blow their trumpets and shout.
But archaeological research has failed to find any evidence of this event, and it’s now thought to be Judean propaganda, according to historians writing in Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible (opens in new tab) (Eerdmans, 2000).
The new facial reconstruction used new techniques developed by the researchers and derived from new anatomical studies and statistical projections from 3D X-ray scans of living people. (Image credit: Cicero Moraes/Thiago Beaini/Moacir Santos)
Archaeologists have determined, however, that Jericho has been continually inhabited for about 11,000 years; and in 1953 Kenyon excavated seven skulls at a site near the ancient city.
Each had been encased in plaster, and the spaces inside the skulls were packed with earth. They also had cowrie seashells placed over their eye sockets, and some had traces of brown paint.
Kenyon speculated that the skulls might be portraits of some of Jericho’s earliest inhabitants; but more than 50 plastered skulls from about the same period have since been found throughout the region, and it’s now thought they are relics of a funerary practice, according to a study (opens in new tab) by Denise Schmandt-Besserat, a professor emerita of Art and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. Image 1 of 3The skull is one of seven discovered by the British archaeologist Kathleen Kenyon near the ancient city of Jericho in 1953. It’s now thought to be a relic of a common funerary practice at the time it was made, about 9,500 years ago. (Image credit: The Trustees of the British Museum) The skull is now held by the British Museum in London, and the latest facial reconstruction is based on precise photographs of it published in 2016. (Image credit: Cicero Moraes/Thiago Beaini/Moacir Santos) The techniques used by the researchers are also used to plan plastic surgeries and manufacture artificial body parts. (Image credit: Cicero Moraes/Thiago Beaini/Moacir Santos) New approximation
Moraes said he’s been unable to find many details of the 2016 facial approximation, but it seems to have used what’s known as the Manchester method (opens in new tab) , which has been developed since 1977 and is based on forensic analyses.
It is now widely used for facial approximations, especially of the victims of crimes.
The latest approximation, however, used a different approach, which is based on anatomical deformation and statistical projections derived from computed tomography (CT) scans— thousands of X-ray scans knitted together to create a 3D image — of living people, he said.RELATED STORIES—12,000 Years Ago, a Boy Had His Skull Squashed into a Cone Shape. It’s the Oldest Evidence of Such Head-Shaping.
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The techniques are also used to plan plastic surgeries and in the manufacturing of prostheses (artificial body parts), but neither were used in the 2016 study, he said.
“I wouldn’t say ours is an update, it’s just a different approach,” he said. But “there is greater structural, anatomical and statistical coherence.”
Moraes hopes to carry out digital approximations of other plastered skulls from the region, but so far only the precise measurements of the Jericho Skull in the British Museum have been published. “There is a lot of mystery around this material,” Moraes said. “Thanks to new technologies we are discovering new things about the pieces, but there is still a lot to be studied.”
From soaring power ballads to novelty earworms, disco to metal and even “ouija pop”, there’s nothing quite like Eurovision – watched by millions around the world, tuning in to celebrate live music’s weird and wonderful.
Politics has always played a part, despite insistence by organisers the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) that it remains politically neutral.
Countries have pulled out or been banned in previous years – most notably Russia in 2022, just days after the invasion of Ukraine.
But it now seems like Eurovisioncould be facing its biggest political crisis yet.
Image: Yuval Raphael represented Israel at this year’s contest, held in Basel in May. Pic: AP
In the last two years, there has been growing controversy over Israel’s participation, with protests in host city Basel, Switzerland, earlier this year, andMalmo in Sweden when it held the competition in 2024.
Ahead of next year’s ceremony in Vienna, Austria, tensions have risen already.
Earlier this month, Irish broadcaster RTE made an announcement: it will boycott the competition if Israel is allowed to take part. The Netherlands and Spain quickly followed suit, and other countries including Slovenia and Iceland have suggested similar.
It comes amid increasing criticism of Israel’s continued military action in Gaza, launched in response to the attack by Hamas militants on southern Israel on 7 October 2023, which left some 1,200 people dead.
The Eurovision Song Contest Reference Group, the competition’s governing body, has extended the deadline for broadcasters to confirm participation to mid-December. It says a decision on Israel’s participation is pending and that it has “taken note of the concerns expressed by several broadcasters”.
Politics at Eurovision – and why is this different?
Image: Kalush Orchestra won for Ukraine in 2022. Pic: AP/Luca Bruno
What is unfolding now is unlike anything that has come before, says Dean Vuletic, a historian of contemporary Europe and author of Postwar Europe In The Eurovision Song Contest.
“Politics has always been there,” he says. “Countries have always used the contest to send political messages. For example, in the very first contest in 1956, West Germany was represented by a Jew and a Holocaust survivor.
“In recent years, though, things have changed because the European Broadcasting Union has had to make political decisions.”
Vuletic cites Belarus’s exclusion in 2021, after the country had experienced large protests over the disputed re-election of leader Alexander Lukashenko, and its entry was deemed too political.
The following year, Russia was kicked out just a few days after the start of the invasion on Ukraine. The EBU said at the time that Russia’s participation would “bring the competition into disrepute”.
But these are not the first examples of countries being excluded from the competition; this first happened in the early 1990s, when the then Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was banned due to UN sanctions.
“When it came to Belarus, Russia, there were also European sanctions,” says Vuletic. “Israel was for a long time not subject to sanctions from European countries for its actions in Gaza – although in recent days we’ve seen that changing.”
What have the different countries said?
Ireland (RTE): “RTE feels that Ireland’s participation would be unconscionable given the ongoing and appalling loss of lives in Gaza. RTE is also deeply concerned by the targeted killing of journalists in Gaza, and the denial of access to international journalists to the territory, and the plight of the remaining hostages.”
The Netherlands (AVROTROS): “AVROTROS can no longer justify Israel’s participation in the current situation, given the ongoing and severe human suffering in Gaza. The broadcaster also expresses deep concern about the serious erosion of press freedom: the deliberate exclusion of independent international reporting and the many casualties among journalists. In addition, there is proven evidence of interference by the Israeli government during the most recent edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, in which the event was used as a political instrument.”
Spain (RTVE): “Spain will withdraw from Eurovision if Israel remains in the contest. The board of directors of the corporation made this decision… by an absolute majority of its members.
Spain is the first member of the ‘Big Five’ to adopt this agreement and joins other European countries that have already announced their withdrawal.”
Slovenia (RTVSLO): “At the EBU General Assembly, which was held in London at the beginning of July, RTV Slovenia presented its position that if Israel were to participate in the Eurovision Song Contest – due to the genocide in Gaza – it would not participate in the competition.”
Iceland (RUV): “I think it is likely that if there is no change in EBU’s position and it does not respond to these voices of concern coming from us, from Spain and Slovenia and others, then that will call for reactions from these broadcasters. But let’s just wait and see.”
What about the BBC?
Image: Remember Monday represented the UK at Eurovision in 2025. Pic: MANDOGA MEDIA/picture-alliance/dpa/AP
BBC director general Tim Davie has said the corporation is “aware of the concerns” raised, but the song contest has “never been about politics”.
A spokesperson for the broadcaster sent a similar statement to Sky News, saying: “We are aware of the various views and concerns which have been expressed in recent days in relation to next year’s Eurovision. At this stage, we will continue to be part of the discussions, led by the European Broadcasting Union, with other members and broadcasters.
“Eurovision has never been led by politics, it has been – and is – a celebration of music and culture that brings people together from across the world.”
Why is Spain’s stance particularly important?
Spain is one of Eurovision’s “Big Five” countries, a group which also includes France, Germany, Italy and the UK. While the host broadcaster – decided by the previous year’s winner – will often contribute most towards the cost of staging the contest, the Big Five will also make up a significant amount.
These countries are big markets for Eurovision and acts are given direct entry to the final because of this. They also act as reserve countries should a winning country not be able to host; in 2023, the UK stepped in following Ukraine’s win the previous year.
Image: Pic: Corinne Cumming/ EBU
“Dr Eurovision” Paul Jordan, who has a PhD in the subject and also worked behind the scenes as part of the EBU’s communications team between 2015 and 2018, says Spain’s stance has increased the pressure.
“There’s always been these tensions but there’s never been a kind of threat of a mass boycott in the way that has happened now,” he says. “The fact they are now outwardly saying they won’t participate with Israel in, that could make the EBU sit up and take notice because there is potential funding pitfalls and audience pitfalls.
“Having a big five country not part of the contest could potentially unravel the funding model. I also think the funding itself potentially needs to be looked at in the context of the financial challenges facing public broadcasters today.”
The EBU has said it is “assessing the potential impacts” of broadcasters pulling out. When asked by Sky News if this includes financial ones they, simply said that “all impacts will be assessed”.
Are other countries likely to follow suit?
Image: Germany, represented by Abor & Tinny at this year’s event, has said it will support the EBU’s decision. Pic: MANDOGA MEDIA/picture-alliance/dpa/AP
Sky News has contacted broadcasters set to take part in the event. Italy’s RAI, another of the Big Five, said it hoped to have news on the issue soon. Germany’s SWR said its parent company, ARD, supports the consultation process and will back the EBU’s decision.
In a statement, an SWR spokesperson said the goal is “to reach a well-founded and sustainable agreement that aligns with the values” of the EBU.
“The ESC has been a major musical event for decades, connecting people across Europe and beyond through diversity, respect, and openness, regardless of origin, religion, or beliefs. It is a competition organised by EBU broadcasters, not by governments.”
Experts agree the number of countries threatening a boycott will likely increase – although it could work both ways.
“We have to see what this period of consultation will bring, which countries will also join the calls for a boycott of the contest if Israel does participate, which countries might be steadfast in their support of Israel,” says Vuletic.
“For now, that’s not clear, whether countries will actually be so supportive of Israel so as to themselves contribute to a boycott of the contest. That would be a very big political message because if they take the side of Israel and not of their European partners, then we might see even greater ramifications of this crisis.”
What has Israel said?
Image: Netta won the competition for Israel in 2018. Pic: Armando Franca/AP
Israel’s broadcaster, Kan, did not respond to Sky News’ request for comment.
However, chief executive Golan Yochpaz reportedly told the Times of Israel that the event should not become political and that that there is “no reason” why Israel should not be part of it.
He also highlighted Israel’s success in the competition, with one win in 2018 and three other top-five finishes in recent years.
The situation in Gaza
More than 65,000 people in Gaza have now been killed in the war, according to the Hamas-run health ministry. The figure does not specify the number of Hamas members killed.
The ongoing military action continues following the Hamas terror attack on Israel in October 2023, which saw around 1,200 people killed and 251 people taken hostage. Forty-eight remain in Gaza, but fewer then half are thought to still be alive.
Earlier in September, a UN commission agreed Israel is committing genocide – the first time such an explosive allegation has been made publicly by a UN body. Israel has vehemently denied this claim as “distorted and false”.
Sky News analysis shows thousands of families remain in crowded tent camps in Gaza City, with the UN estimating last week that a million people remain there.
Israel, however, believes 40% of the population has already fled south and earlier this week opened a new evacuation route for 48 hours.
What happened at the contest this year and in 2024?
Image: Final scores for the Eurovision Song Contest 2025. Pic: BBC
Israeli contestant Yuval Raphael, a survivor of the October 2-23 Hamas attack, won the public vote with the song New Day Will Rise, and at one point looked set to be crowned the overall winner of this year’s competition – but ultimately finished second when the jury vote was included.
There were protests before and during her performance.
“I was just metres away from pro-Palestinian protesters who threw red paint when the Israeli artist appeared on stage,” says Vuletic. “And of course, it must be hugely stressful for these artists. There are also increased security measures, especially for these artists who are targeted.
“You could sense the tension in the arena when it became apparent that Israel could win the contest. A lot of people were willing to allow Israel to participate in the contest, they were not necessarily supporting the Netanyahu government… but when it appeared that Israel really could win the contest you could really sense this fear among the live audience in the arena, that the contest could be held in Israel the following year.”
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1:15
Protest during Israel’s Eurovision song
Having Israel as a host country would lead to a lot more countries boycotting, he says.
“It’s become so toxic,” says Jordan. “You see now, booing on the stage in a way that you had for Russia before. But really, in 2024, it became much more pronounced.
“Eurovision is meant to be joyous. And I remember the day of the [2024] final being with friends in a pub. And it just felt like an impending sense of doom, something was going to go wrong… it just felt that this is a house of cards that could potentially come falling down…
“Eurovision for me was all about escapism, they call it the Eurovision bubble. And that was a very special thing. And I feel now that’s kind of changing. It feels like an event that we all grew up with, now at 70 years old, and it could potentially start to unravel. It’d be a great shame, I think, culturally, if that does happen.”
Who else has commented?
Image: Austria will host the event in 2026 following singer JJ’s win. Pic: Reuters
Austrian singer JJ, who won this year’s competition, has also reportedly called for Israel’s exclusion in 2026.
Following his win in May, singer JJ said it was “disappointing to see Israel still participating”, according to Spanish newspaper El Pais. “I would like the next Eurovision to be held in Vienna and without Israel,” he added.
And Austria will of course host the show next year.
In a statement sent to Sky News, broadcaster ORF said the decision is a matter for the EBU.
“It is always the public broadcaster of a country that takes part in the Eurovision Song Contest, not the government or country itself,” an ORF spokesperson said. “Ultimately, however, the decision regarding participation is a matter for the EBU and its members. ORF will be a good host for all delegations in May 2026.”
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2:51
Russia’s alternative Eurovision
What happens now?
The competition’s director, Martin Green, has said the EBU understands “the concerns and deeply held views around the ongoing conflict in the Middle East” and that the organisation is still consulting with all members “to gather views on how we manage participation and geopolitical tensions”.
Broadcasters have until mid-December to confirm whether or not they are taking part – and the EBU then has a decision to make.
Move over, Bugatti! The new Chinese Yangwang U9 Xtreme electric hypercar just blasted its way to a staggering, 308.4 mph top speed on a German test track, seizing the “world’s fastest car” crown and busting the last traces of the myth that electric cars are slow.
“This record was only possible because the U9 Xtreme simply has incredible performance,” explains German GT racing driver Marc Basseng, who piloted the Chinese EV on its record-setting run. “Technically, something like this is not possible with a combustion engine. Thanks to the electric motor, the car is quiet, there are no load changes, and that allows me to focus even more on the track.”
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The Yangwang U9 features the world’s first mass-produced 1,200V ultra-high-voltage vehicle platform. Developed by BYD, the car is powered by the company’s latest li-ion phosphate batteries in BYD’s now-familiar “blade” configuration.
The U9 Xtreme’s record-setting run dethrones the previous Bugatti Chiron Super Sport 300+, which managed 304.8 mph back in 2019. The Bugatti now has to settle for the lesser “world’s fastest combustion-powered production car” title, which is objectively lame.
Definitely NOT lame
Yangwang U9 Xtreme; via BYD.
The company says it’s selling “no more than 30” of the Xtreme U9 EVs, presumably to customers with incredibly long driveways. The Xtreme version features smaller, 20″ wheels (instead of 21s), and gets wider, 325 mm tires (up from 275 mm) to match the rears. The fronts also ride on a narrower track.
You can watch Marc Messang put the 3,000 hp Yangwang U9 Xtreme electric hypercar to the test in the video, below, then let us know what you think of China’s first-ever world record-setting vehicle in the comments section at the bottom of the page.
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Clemson coach Dabo Swinney said he felt a “pain that’s hard to describe” following his team’s 34-21 home loss to Syracuse on Saturday, which dropped the Tigers to 1-3 and his worst start as the Tigers’ head coach.
“This is a bad, bad feeling. Terrible,” Swinney said. “This is what we do. This is our passion. We work incredibly hard to get results that we want to get, and when we don’t get them, it’s a pain that’s hard to describe, but it comes with the territory. So we gotta flush it. That’s all we can do. There’s no hope for a better yesterday.”
Clemson closed as a 17½-point favorite at ESPN BET but suffered its largest home loss against an unranked opponent since 2001 against North Carolina, when the Tigers lost by 35.
With losses to LSU, Georgia Tech and now Syracuse, the Tigers have lost three of their first four games for the first time under Swinney. It’s also the first time the program has started 1-3 since 2004.
Swinney conceded he was emotional on the field after the game during the school’s alma mater.
“Disappointed, painful, hurt,” he said. “I’m human. I’m not a cyborg. This is my life. I’ve been here 23 years. I love this place. I give this place the best I’ve got every single day. … I’ve invested my life here, and when I don’t get the job done, I’m responsible. I feel the pain. Not just my pain, I feel everybody’s pain. That comes with my job, and I don’t run from that.”
Clemson finished with 503 yards, its most in a loss since 2016. It’s a stunning start for Clemson, which returned the most production in the FBS (80%) this season. Quarterback Cade Klubnik has his top three receivers back from last year’s ACC championship team, and the defense was expected to be one of best fronts in the country.
“We just can’t seem to put it all together when we need it,” Swinney said.
The Tigers have a bye week before traveling to North Carolina on Oct. 4, and Swinney said it comes at a good time because the team is “beat up emotionally and physically.”
“There’s no quit in me and I didn’t see any quit in our team or our staff,” he said. “We’ll get back to work. We have to reset our goals and what we still can do. We can’t sit around and dwell on missed opportunities. … It’s basically an eight-game season for us at this point. We’ve just gotta fight our tails off to find a way to win a game, create some momentum.”