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A controversial anti-strike bill has moved a step closer to becoming law – hours after teachers and nurses announced fresh walkouts.

Under the government’s draft Strikes (Minimum Service Levels) Bill, the right to strike would be restricted by imposing minimum service levels and bosses would be legally able to fire employees who ignore a “work notice” ordering them to work on days of industrial action.

The statute passed its second reading in parliament after MPs backed the legislation by 309 votes to 249 – a majority of 60.

As the bill was debated in the Commons, it was announced that the first strikes by teachers since 2016 will take place in February and March, while nurses also announced two further days of industrial action next month.

Meanwhile, ambulance workers are expected to announce up to six more strike dates on Wednesday.

Anti-strike law ‘indefensible and foolish’

During the Commons debate on the strikes bill, Business Secretary Grant Shapps said the legislation “does not seek to ban the right to strike”, adding: “The government will always defend the principle that workers should be able to withdraw their labour.”

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Also, former home secretary Priti Patel suggested ministers should “look at widening the list of sectors where minimum service standards are needed” as the wave of industrial action continues across the UK.

Under the proposed legislation, the government will get the power to set minimum safety levels for fire, ambulance and rail services in England, Wales and Scotland.

They would also have the power to set minimum levels of service for health, education, nuclear decommissioning and border security – but the business department said ministers “expect to continue to reach voluntary agreements” with these sectors.

However, Labour’s deputy leader Angela Rayner described the bill as “one of the most indefensible and foolish pieces of legislation to come before this House in modern times”.

Read more: No 10 sticking to its guns on strikes but is this sustainable? – Beth Rigby analysis

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Teachers vote to strike next month

Teachers to strike on seven days in February and March

Thousands of teachers are set to walk out of classrooms over pay after the National Education Union (NEU) reached the threshold required to take strike action.

The largest education union had organised a ballot of 300,000 members in England and Wales, calling for a “fully funded, above-inflation pay rise”.

Nine out of 10 teacher members of the union voted for strike action and the union passed the 50% ballot turnout required by law to take industrial action.

The NEU said the vote shows teachers are not prepared to “stand by” and see the education service “sacrificed” due to “a toxic mix of low pay and excessive workload”.

The union declared seven days of walkouts in February and March – on 1, 14 and 28 February and 1, 2, 15 and 16 March – with the first day of strikes on 1 February expected to affect 23,000 schools in England and Wales.

Read more: Strikes this month – who is taking action and when

In a statement, Dr Mary Bousted and Kevin Courtney, joint general secretaries of the NEU, said: “We regret having to take strike action, and are willing to enter into negotiations at any time, any place, but this situation cannot go on.”

Agency staff and volunteers could be used to cover classes, with schools expected to remain open where possible and the most vulnerable pupils given priority – according to updated guidance issued by the Department for Education.

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Education Secretary Gillian Keegan described the strike action as “deeply disappointing for children and parents”.

But headteachers in England will not stage walkouts after the National Association of Head Teachers (NAHT) union ballot turnout failed to meet the 50% legal threshold.

The union said it will consider re-running the ballot due to postal disruption.

Nurses announce two more strike days

Members of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in England are due to strike on Wednesday and Thursday this week.

The union has said its members will also walk out on 6 and 7 February.

In an escalation of industrial action, more NHS trusts in England will take part than during the two previous days of strikes in December – with the number increasing from 55 to 73.

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Nurses announce more strike action

Some 12 health boards and organisations in Wales will also take part in the two consecutive days of strikes.

The two days of industrial action by nurses in trusts across England and Wales in December led to the cancellation of thousands of hospital appointments and operations.

It is expected that the health service will run a bank holiday-style service in many areas during the strike action.

Read more: Nursing union threatens biggest walkout to date

Downing Street called the announcement of further strike dates by nurses “deeply regrettable”.

But RCN chief executive Pat Cullen said nurses are taking the measures “with a heavy heart”.

“My olive branch to government – asking them to meet me halfway and begin negotiations – is still there. They should grab it,” she said in a statement.

The RCN had initially demanded a pay increase of up to 19% to cover soaring inflation and falls in real term wages over the past decade.

But earlier this month, Ms Cullen said she could accept a pay rise of around 10% to end its ongoing dispute with the government.

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Winter strikes threaten to escalate

Elsewhere, the GMB union is expected to announce further ambulance worker strike dates this Wednesday, Sky News understands.

Up to six more dates are being discussed after talks with Health Secretary Steve Barclay last week broke down.

The government continues to insist that pay claims are unaffordable and is sticking to its belief that wage rises should be decided by pay review bodies.

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Resident doctor strikes: I don’t want people to suffer but we have to walk out again, says BMA chief

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Resident doctor strikes: I don't want people to suffer but we have to walk out again, says BMA chief

The British Medical Association (BMA) has defended a new round of resident doctor walkouts starting on Friday, insisting medics’ pay is still “way down” compared with 2008 and that the government has failed to finish “a journey” towards restoring it.

BMA chair Dr Tom Dolphin told Sky News the dispute remains rooted in years of pay erosion that have left resident doctors far behind other public sector workers.

“When we started the dispute, […] the lowest level of the resident doctors were being paid £14 an hour,” he said.

“There were some pay rises over the last couple of years that brought that partly back to the value it should be at, but not all the way.

“The secretary of state (Wes Streeting) himself called it a journey, implying there were further steps to come, but we haven’t seen that.”

Resident doctors outside Newcastle's Royal Victoria Infirmary during a five-day strike in July. File pic: PA
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Resident doctors outside Newcastle’s Royal Victoria Infirmary during a five-day strike in July. File pic: PA

When asked if the row ultimately “comes down to money”, he replied: “In the sense that the secretary of state doesn’t want to or isn’t able to fund the pay increases to match the value that we had in 2008.”

Dr Dolphin argued that while “the general worker in the economy as a whole” has seen pay catch up since the 2008 financial crash, “doctors are still way down”.

The government points out that its 29% settlement last year was one of the largest in the public sector and was intended to draw a line under two years of walkouts.

How much do resident doctors earn?

After the most recent pay awards, in 2025/26 a medic just out of university receives a basic salary of £38,831 and has estimated average earnings of £45,900 after factors like extra pay for unsociable hours are taken into account, according to medical think tank the Nuffield Trust.

That average figure rises to £54,400 by the second year and a more senior speciality registrar earns an average of £80,500.

The BMA says that when the dispute started, the most junior doctors were making around £14 per hour. That works out at £29,120 per year for a 40-hour week.

That’s very close to the earnings of a doctor fresh out of medical school in 2022/23 – £29,384, according to Full Fact.

But that’s over a 52-week year without taking into account paid holiday or unsociable hours.

But Dr Dolphin said the deal still fell short: “The gap was biggest for doctors and needed the biggest amount of restoration, and that’s what we got.”

He defended the BMA’s use of the Retail Price Index (RPI), a metric rejected by the Office for National Statistics, saying it “better reflects the costs people face”.

Should resident doctors get a pay rise? Have your say in the poll at the bottom of this story.

Dr Tom Dolphin says resident doctors are still underpaid
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Dr Tom Dolphin says resident doctors are still underpaid

‘Who do you think is treating the patients?’

With Chancellor Rachel Reeves preparing her budget amid warnings of deep cuts, Dr Dolphin said the BMA is not demanding an immediate cash injection.

“We’re quite happy for that money to be deferred with some kind of multi-year pay deal so that we can end the dispute and avoid having further industrial action about pay for several years to come,” he said.

“Money spent in the NHS is returned to the economy. For every pound you spend, you get several pounds back.”

When pressed on whether the £1.7bn cost of previous strike action could have been better spent on treatment and technology for NHS cancer patients, he hit back: “Who do you think is treating the cancer patients? It’s the doctors.”

Read more on Sky News:
Thousands of NHS redundancies
Sentence and fine over patient death

Health Secretary Wes Streeting has criticised the BMA for striking again. File pic: PA
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Health Secretary Wes Streeting has criticised the BMA for striking again. File pic: PA

Strikes will cause disruption, union boss admits

Dr Dolphin rejected suggestions that the dispute could destabilise the government, calling the idea “implausible”.

He admitted prolonged strikes have tested public patience, but said the government had left doctors with no choice.

“A prolonged industrial dispute makes people annoyed with both sides,” he said. “It is vexing to us that we are still in this dispute.”

“I don’t want patients to suffer,” he added. “I accept that the strikes cause disruption… of course that’s upsetting for them. I completely get that. And I’m sorry that it’s happening.”

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PM apologises to health secretary over coup accusations

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PM apologises to health secretary over coup accusations

Sir Keir Starmer has apologised to his health secretary after allies of the prime minister accused him of plotting a coup.

Sky News understands Sir Keir spoke briefly to Wes Streeting on Wednesday evening, though did not share details about the briefing campaign.

Politics Hub: Follow latest updates

Speaking at Prime Minister’s Questions earlier in the day, he denied authorising the attacks on Mr Streeting, who was accused of planning a leadership challenge after the budget later this month.

Mr Streeting said the allegations are “not true”, telling Sky News’ Mornings With Ridge And Frost that whoever was behind the briefings had been “watching too much Celebrity Traitors”.

He insisted he was loyal to the prime minister, who has been under mounting pressure as he and the Labour Party flounder behind Reform in the polls.

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Health secretary insists he’s ‘a faithful’

Downing Street went on the attack on Tuesday night to ward off any potential challenge to Sir Keir after the budget, which could see the government announce manifesto-breaking tax rises.

Sir Keir and Rachel Reeves have refused to rule out raising income tax, national insurance, or VAT.

One senior figure told Sky News political editor Beth Rigby while a post-budget challenge is unlikely, it could come if next May’s elections – including in London and Wales – go badly for Labour.

Labour face a challenge from Reform on the right and parties like the Greens and Plaid Cymru on the left.

Read more: How No 10 plunged itself into crisis

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Starmer backs Streeting at PMQs

Also under pressure is the prime minister’s chief of staff, Morgan McSweeney, after Mr Streeting hit out at a “toxic culture” inside Number 10.

Sir Keir failed to say he had “full confidence” in him at PMQs in response to questions from Kemi Badenoch, but the prime minister’s political spokesperson later insisted to journalists that he does retain his backing.

Sky News understands Mr McSweeney was not discussed when Sir Keir and Mr Streeting spoke last night.

Labour chairwoman Anna Turley said the prime minister will investigate the source of the claims against the health secretary, telling ITV: “This is not what he wants to see and he’s determined to drive it out.”

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Epstein said Andrew did have photo taken with Virginia Giuffre, emails show

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Epstein said Andrew did have photo taken with Virginia Giuffre, emails show

Newly released emails from Jeffrey Epstein include one in which the late paedophile financier describes how Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor did have his photo taken with victim Virginia Giuffre.

The former duke, who was recently stripped of his titles, has previously said he didn’t recall meeting Ms Giuffre and claimed an image of the pair could have been doctored.

Ms Giuffre, who took her own life earlier this year, claimed in her recently released autobiography that – as a teenager – she had sex with Andrew on three occasions after being trafficked by Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell.

Andrew has always strongly denied the claims.

Trump latest: 20,000 pages from Epstein files released

The details have emerged after thousands of files from the Jeffrey Epstein estate were released by Republicans on the House Oversight Committee.

The email that discusses the photograph was one of those released and features an exchange with a journalist in 2011.

More on Andrew Mountbatten Windsor

A picture emerged in 2011 of Andrew, which has become infamous, showing the former prince with his arm around Virginia Giuffre, apparently taken in Ghislaine Maxwell’s London home.

Although the name of the “girl” is redacted, Epstein appears in his email exchange to be referring to Ms Giuffre, who at the time had spoken to The Mail on Sunday, which had published the photo and her account of encountering Andrew while travelling with Epstein. After cutting ties with Epstein, she moved to Australia. She also changed her surname from Roberts to Giuffre.

An email from Epstein to the journalist read: “The girl has fled the country with an outstanding arrest warrant. The da (sic) after she accused others, said in writing that she has no credibility, she was never 15 years old working for me, her story made it seem like she first worked for trump at that age and was met by ghislaine maxwell.

“Total horseshit, the daily mail paid her money, they admitted it, with the statement that it took money to coax out the truth.

“Yes she was on my plane, and yes she had her picture taken with Andrew, as many of my employees have.

“I have never misled you, this girl is a total liar, they (sic) authorities should check her australian immigration form… I will ask if they will cooperate – Prince people.”

In a different email exchange in March 2011 about an inquiry from a news reporter, Epstein messages someone listed as “The Duke”, which is thought to be Andrew.

Epstein told him: “Im not sure how to respond, the only person she didn’t have sex with was Elvis.”

It prompted the following response: “Please make sure that every statement or legal letter states clearly that I am NOT involved and that I knew and know NOTHING about any of these allegations.

“I can’t take any more of this my end.”

It is not clear if Epstein, who killed himself in 2019 while awaiting trial on sex-trafficking charges, was writing about Ms Giuffre.

Read more from Sky News:
What do Epstein’s emails say about Trump?
Congress summons Andrew over Epstein

Epstein: ‘She is a fraud’

In a separate email to a publicist in July 2011, Epstein writes: “The girl who accused Prince Andrew can also easily be proven to be a liar.

“I think Buckingham Palace would love it. You should task someone to investigate the girl Virginia Roberts, that has caused the Queen’s son all this agro (sic).

“I promise you she is a fraud. You and I will be able to go to ascot (sic) for the rest of our lives.”

Speaking to Newsnight in 2019, Andrew said: “I have absolutely no memory of that photograph ever being taken… you can’t prove whether or not that photograph is faked or not…

“That’s me but whether that’s my hand or whether that’s the position I… but I don’t… I have simply no recollection of the photograph ever being taken.”

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