US President Joe Biden has become the latest and most powerful Western leader to visit Kyiv since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February last year.
The show of solidarity for President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and his people came as a surprise to many, as the White House said last week that the US president had no intention of visiting Ukraine.
Whether or not that statement was true at the time is something we will likely never know, but some details of how the president’s secretive and historic visit was carried out are beginning to emerge.
Here is how the high-security operation unfolded.
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0:14
‘I gotta handshake here, too?’
Journalists told to await ‘arrival instructions for the golf tourney’
Two journalists were summoned to a private meeting with the White House’s communications director Kate Bedingfield on Friday.
They were informed that President Biden would be travelling to Kyiv and that they were the only two journalists who would be allowed to travel with him.
They would form the “travel pool” – meaning it would be their responsibility to share details with other news organisations.
These pool reporters were sworn to secrecy about the trip and told to look out for an email containing instructions for an early Sunday morning departure from Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland.
The subject line would read: “Arrival instructions for the golf tourney.”
The email arrived just after 3pm eastern US time (8pm UK time) on Saturday.
The journalists were told to report to the Andrews base between 2am and 2.15am eastern US time (7am and 7.15am UK time) the following morning.
Image: Joe Biden sits on the train with his National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan. Pic: AP
Departure from the air base
The pool journalists arrived at the base and had their phones taken from them. The devices were not returned until their arrival at the US embassy in Kyiv more than 24 hours later.
They then boarded an Air Force C-32 often used to fly into smaller airports during domestic travel.
Before its departure, the plane sat in the dark next to a hangar with the shades drawn and away from the tarmac where it is typically parked for presidential travel.
Air Force One departed from the Andrews base at 4.15am eastern US time (9.15am UK time) on Sunday.
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1:13
Biden talks ‘very fruitful’ – Zelenskyy
Biden arrives in Germany
Air Force One touched down at Ramstein Air Base in Germany at 5.13pm local time (4.13pm UK time) Sunday under slightly overcast skies to refuel after an approximately seven-hour flight.
The plane remained with its shades down for the duration of its time on the ground, which lasted roughly an hour and 15 minutes.
The journalists on board remained in the press cabin the entire time and did not see Mr Biden at any point during the flight or stop in Ramstein.
Air Force One took off at 6.29pm local time (5.29pm UK time) after the sun had set and the skies were dark.
Image: Pic: AP
Arrival in Rzeszow
Air Force One landed at the Rzeszow-Jasionka Airport in southeastern Poland at 7.57pm local time (8:57pm UK time) on Sunday.
The airport was clear upon Mr Biden’s arrival.
The journalists did not see the US president get out of Air Force One before he was quickly ushered towards an SUV.
The president’s motorcade began rolling at 8.12pm local time (7.12pm UK time) on a roughly one-hour drive along a fairly empty eastbound highway.
One of the pool journalists counted at least 20 cars in the motorcade which consisted of a mix of minivans, SUVs and suburbans – and sirens were not used to avoid drawing attention.
Image: Pic: AP
Biden catches the train from Poland to Ukraine
Biden’s motorcade arrived at the Przemysl Głowny train station at approximately 9.15pm local time (8.15pm UK time).
The motorcade pulled directly up to a train that was mostly purple with two large strips at the bottom from its exterior and large square windows with the shades mostly drawn.
A handful of the train cars were blue with a yellow stripe along the middle and were reminiscent of the trains that have brought refugees into Poland from Ukraine.
Mr Biden was dropped directly in front of his train car.
The pool journalists were escorted to their own train car and put in separate sleeper cabins, each of which contained four single bunkbed-style beds.
One of the journalists was told by a security officer that the train had approximately eight cars, including the engines.
Most of the train was occupied by a heavy security presence.
A small group of passengers awaiting a separate train on the opposite side of the tracks were huddled in conversation and occasionally glanced over, but it was unclear if they could make out any of the activity unfolding before them.
The train left Przemysl Głowny at 9.37pm local time (8.37pm UK time).
One of the pool journalists was told by an agent on board that the train crossed the border into Ukraine at roughly 10pm local time on Sunday but this was not confirmed.
Much of the journey occurred in the dark and so there was little visible beyond streetlights and the shadows of buildings in the distance.
There was no interaction between the pool journalists and White House staff traveling with the president throughout the 10-hour journey, nor any sightings of Mr Biden on his favourite mode of transport.
There were a handful of stops, at least once to pick up additional security, along the way. It was not always clear what prompted the stops, most of which were brief, and the journalists were isolated from the staff on board.
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0:59
Biden and Zelenskyy meet in Kyiv
Biden arrives in Kyiv
The sun had risen as the train carrying President Biden approached the Ukrainian capital Kyiv.
One of the journalists aboard described how “views from the window largely consisted of graffiti walls, barren winter trees and a colourful assortment of brick homes – many of them in pastel colours”.
The train came to a stop at the Kyiv-Pasazhyrsky station at roughly 8am local time (6am UK time) on Monday.
The area around the platform had been cleared and US ambassador to Ukraine, Bridget Brink, awaited Mr Biden and his staff in chilly outdoor conditions.
The president’s first words after stepping off the train were: “It’s good to be back in Kyiv.”
The motorcade, which again was a mix of SUVs, minivans and armoured vehicles, rolled from the train station to Mariinsky Palace – the official residence of the Ukrainian president.
Along the way, the motorcade passed Kyiv’s Independence Square, the site of major demonstrations in 2013 and 2014.
The president’s stops consisted of a meeting with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy at Mariinsky Palace, a walkabout with Mr Zelenskyy at St. Michael’s Cathedral, and a stop at the US embassy in Kyiv.
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0:32
Joe Biden arrives in Poland
Biden heads back to Poland
Biden departed Kyiv just before 1.10pm local time (11.10am UK time) in the same train he arrived in.
The train crossed the border back into Poland shortly after 8pm local time (7pm UK time).
The train arrived at the Przemyśl Główny at 8:45pm (7.45pm).
There is a thickness to the air outside Wang Fuk Court in Hong Kong’s Tai Po district.
The smoke catches in your throat and the emotion catches you off guard.
Seven of the eight tower blocks that make up this complex have been all but blackened. And through the shells that used to be windows, you can only imagine the horror and the panic that must have played out inside, the screams that went unanswered.
More than 30 hours after the blaze began here there was still a sense that it is far from under control. At various points during the day the flames sprung up from different windows, as if the fire has found fresh tinder.
Image: Pockets of fire are still raging
Image: Thousands of people lived at the complex
Debris falls from the buildings periodically, ash still floats in the air.
As of Friday morning here, 94 people are now confirmed to have died.
There is no doubt the community is reeling. Along the surrounding streets hundreds came out to look on in horror, mostly in a stunned sort of silence.
Occasionally the air was pierced with the terrible cries of relatives, who had received the news they were dreading.
But much of the grief was quiet and held close, an arm around the shoulders or a quiet embrace.
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3:02
Deadly blaze destroys Hong Kong tower blocks
Image: The community is coming together in their grief, hugging and supporting each other
Among the survivors is the Lam family, three generations of which had been living in the building for 40 years. They have lost their home and haven’t heard from their neighbours.
“The alarm was all off because of the renovation of the outside. So there is no alarm to let all the people know. Many old people, elderly people, they were all having an afternoon sleep. So nobody knew,” Ms Lam, whose father survived the fire, said.
“Once they know the fire has already burned down everything, and they cannot escape, they were all trapped in the house. This is a disaster, actually.”
Image: Three generations of the Lam family lived in Wang Fuk Court for 40 years
Another survivor said: “I feel sadness and hopeless and don’t know what [I’m] going to do. I don’t know. Cannot describe. So sad.”
Hong Kong is one of the world’s most densely populated cities, fire in places like this has a significantly more deadly potential.
And it also means many are displaced. Over 4,500 lived in this complex alone and are in need of emergency shelter.
Image: A woman says she feels sad and hopeless after losing her home in the blaze
The government has offered temporary accommodation to many, but the community is filling the gaps.
Armies of volunteers handed out food, water, blankets and clothes, including to those who had opted to sleep on the floor of a nearby shopping area.
One man, who wanted to sleep on the floor close to his home, said he doesn’t feel supported by the government.
Image: One man opted to sleep on the floor close to his burned-down home
Image: The man said he doesn’t feel supported by the government
There is a thin line between grief and anger, and there’s a feeling it’s narrowing here.
Many fingers have pointed towards the construction company running extensive renovations in the complex.
A netted mesh, bamboo scaffolding and polystyrene that may have been used as part of the works have all been cited as potentially speeding the spread.
Three construction bosses have already been arrested.
But there is a sense that distrust of the authorities more broadly runs deep.
“It is very serious and people are starting to feel furious about the construction company and the construction materials,” one woman said.
“There are so many layers of anger among the people. People feel that every party should take responsibility.”
Image: A woman said many were angry about the construction company
Everyone we spoke to wanted to wear a mask to avoid being targeted, with volunteers actively encouraging the masks, and many hinted that the system shoulders its share of responsibility for what happened.
This fire is already the worst disaster in the modern history of Hong Kong; many of the victims are elderly and many will struggle to rebuild.
There will many days of pain to come, but many days of questions too.
At least 83 people died in the fire, according to South China Morning Post, citing the local fire department, and a further 70 people have been injured, including more than 40 who were described as critically ill in hospital on Wednesday night.
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3:02
Deadly blaze destroys Hong Kong tower blocks
Around 900 people are also in shelters as a result of the blaze.
Police have alleged its cause could have been a “grossly negligent” construction firm using unsafe materials.
Three people – two directors and an engineering consultant – have been arrested on suspicion of manslaughter.
“We have reason to believe that the company’s responsible parties were grossly negligent, which led to this accident and caused the fire to spread uncontrollably, resulting in major casualties,” said police superintendent Eileen Chung. Police have not named the company.
The complex, built in the 1980s, had been under renovation for a year.
Image: Smoke rising from the Wang Fuk Court residential complex. Pic: AP Photo/Chan Long Hei
Image: The fire broke out on Wednesday afternoon. Pic: Reuters
Image: Dozens of people remain in hospital, some are critically injured. Pic: AP Photo/Chan Long Hei
One firefighter was among those killed tackling the blaze, which broke out at 2.51pm local time on Wednesday. Another 11 firefighters were among those injured.
Fire crews said they had doused the flames in all seven of the affected blocks by Thursday morning, and were searching each floor for survivors.
Records show the Wang Fuk Court site consists of eight blocks, with almost 2,000 flats housing around 4,800 residents, including many elderly people.
Image: A relative of a resident at the scene. Pic: Reuters
Families have been identifying the bodies of relatives while others have been visiting shelters in the area, searching for missing loved ones.
Hong Kong leader John Lee said on Thursday the government will set up a HK$300m (£29m) fund to help residents.
Image: Charred bamboo and plastic mesh covers the complex, which was undergoing renovation works. Pic: Reuters
Image: Firefighters searching between floors at one of the high-rise blocks. Pic: Reuters
The cause of the fire is being investigated, but it appears to have started in bamboo scaffolding and construction mesh sheets and then spread across seven of the complex’s eight buildings – likely aided by windy conditions.
Bamboo scaffolding is commonly used in Hong Kong, but is in the process of being phased out because of safety concerns.
Hong Kong’s Association for the Rights of Industrial Accident Victims said there have been at least three fires involving bamboo scaffolding this year.
Image: Temporary shelters have been set up for residents. Pic: AP
Image: Supplies are brought to a school which is serving as a shelter. Pic: Kyodo/AP
China’s state broadcaster CCTV said President Xi Jinping has urged an “all-out effort” to extinguish the fire and minimise casualties and losses.
Both the US and British Consulate Generals for Hong Kong have sent condolences to those affected, as has Taiwan’s president.
Image: Parts of the huge complex were still smouldering on Thursday. Pic: AP
Image: Firefighters work to extinguish the blaze. Pic: AP
The number of dead is the highest in a Hong Kong fire since 1948, when 176 people were killed in a warehouse blaze.
The fire has prompted comparisons to the Grenfell Tower blaze which killed 72 people in 2017, blamed on flammable cladding, as well as failings by the government and the construction industry.
“Our hearts go out to all those affected by the horrific fire in Hong Kong,” the Grenfell United survivors’ group said on social media.
“To the families, friends and communities, we stand with you. You are not alone.”
If you’re still under any illusions about how seriously Ukraine’s allies view the wider threat from Russia, the wave of countries bringing back military service should help clarify that.
France is the latest, today announcing a new national service for over 18s.
Ahead of the plan being unveiled, President Emmanuel Macron said: “If the French want to protect ourselves, we must show that we are not weak in the face of one power that threatens us the most.”
Image: President Macron prior to his speech on Thursday. Pic: AP
That threat primarily comes from Russia, a country that numerous military chiefs have warned may be ready to attack a NATO member by 2030.
In essence, with today’s announcement, Mr Macron is trying to prepare a force to help protect France if attacked.
The young recruits would help bolster the military, which is already the second largest in the EU after Poland.
Image: Pic: AP
As more countries look to strengthen their defences, Moscow has accused European leaders of warmongering and consistently denied any threat to wider Europe.
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However, its seeming unwillingness to stop the bloodshed in Ukraine, the recent drone and jet incursions into NATO airspace, and the intensifying hybrid war it’s accused of carrying out across Europe mean few of Ukraine’s allies still trust the Kremlin’s word.
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Uncertainly about whether the US could be relied upon in a fight has fuelled the unease.
That hasn’t been helped by the fact the first 28-point peace plan presented by the US appeared to come straight out Moscow’s playbook.
In these uncertain times, France isn’t alone in looking to bolster its defences. Ten EU countries already have compulsory military service, while nations including Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany are opting for voluntary schemes.
After years of neglecting its military, Germany is massively boosting defence spending, with the chancellor pledging to build the strongest conventional army in Europe.
The German parliament is expected to vote on the military service plan in December.
As one German general told me: “We are not at war, but we are no longer living in peacetime…
“We do not want war, but we must be ready to defend our country.”