A transmission tower is seen on July 11, 2022 in Houston, Texas. ERCOT (Electric Reliability Council of Texas) is urging Texans to voluntarily conserve power today, due to extreme heat potentially causing rolling blackouts.
Brandon Bell | Getty Images
This story is part of CNBC’s “Transmission Troubles” series, an inside look at why the aging electrical grid in the U.S. is struggling to keep up, how it’s being improved, and why it’s so vital to fighting climate change.
Building large-scale transmission lines that carry electricity across the United States has the potential to be an extremely cost-effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while also improving reliability of the country’s energy grid.
But the energy grid in the U.S. has developed over decades as a patchwork of thousands of individual utilities serving their own local regions. There is no incentive for energy companies to see the forest for the trees.
“The system we have for planning and paying for new transmission does not adequately value or promote the vital benefits of interregional transmission. Transmission planning does not sufficiently take into account the benefits of a holistic system over the long term,” Gregory Wetstone, CEO of the non-profit American Council on Renewable Energy, told CNBC.
The regulatory framework that has evolved surrounding those local utilities and their electricity transmission processes completely short-circuits when it comes to planning longer, bigger-scale transmission lines.
“Lines crossing multiple states have to receive permits from many local and state agencies, and a single county can block the construction of a new transmission line that would benefit the entire region,” Wetstone told CNBC. “Imagine trying to build the national highway system that we now have if any single county along the way could block the entire project. It simply wouldn’t have been possible.”
The Department of Energy is in the process of conducting a National Transmission Planning Study,to look into all of this. The government’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and its National Renewable Energy Laboratory are working on executing that work, but the results of that study will not be published for some time, a NREL researcher told CNBC.
Unless the U.S. can modernize its electric grid and update the regulatory processes surrounding construction of new lines, the country’s climate goals will be harder and more expensive to achieve.
Why a macro-grid is a cost-effective climate win
Currently, electricity generation results in 32 percent of carbon dioxide emissions in the United States .To mitigate the effects of global warming, electrical generation needs needs to move from burning fossil fuels, like oil and coal, to emissions-free sources of energy, like wind and solar.
One way of reducing emissions caused by electricity is to build as much clean energy generation as close as possible near to where the electricity is needed.
But building longer transmission lines, to carry wind and solar power from regions where those resources are abundant to the places where demand is highest, would actually be a cheaper way of reducing emissions.
“Multi-regional transmission designs enable the highest reduction in cost per unit of emissions reduction,” James McCalley, an electrical engineering professor at Iowa State University, told CNBC.
There are three reasons why:
Tapping into the most abundant resources. First, large-scale, multi-regional transmission lines — often called a “macro grid” — would connect the most powerful renewable energy sources with the highest demand centers, McCalley said.
“Many mid-U.S. states have excellent wind resources, and the southwest U.S. has excellent solar resources, but the population is insufficient to use them,” McCalley told CNBC. “Population density rises as you get closer to the coasts. Transmission lets you build rich resources and use them at the heaviest load centers.”
Heavy electrical transmission lines at the powerful Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System, located in California’s Mojave Desert at the base of Clark Mountain and just south of this stateline community on Interstate 15, are viewed on July 15, 2022 near Primm, Nevada. The Ivanpah system consists of three solar thermal power plants and 173,500 heliostats (mirrors) on 3,500 acres and features a gross capacity of 392 megawatts (MW).
George Rose | Getty Images News | Getty Images
Balancing supply with demand over time zones and seasons. Second, transmission lines that span time zones would let the most effective power generating resources go to the region that needs the power when it needs it. “During the course of a 24 hour period, regions in different time zones peak at different times, and so the best resources in one non-peaking region and be used to supply demand at another peaking region,” McCalley told CNBC.
Similarly, large scale transmission would allow regions to share power generation to meet their annual capacity needs.
“Regions today require that they have total installed capacity equal to about 1.15 times their annual peak load. But the annual peak load occurs at different times of the year for different regions. So multi-regional transmission would enable sharing of capacity,” McCalley told CNBC.
For example, the Pacific Northwest peaks in energy demand in early spring and the Midwest peaks during summer months. They could, if connected, borrow from each other, “enabling each region to avoid constructing new capacity,” McCalley said.
Better reliability. Finally, improved energy sharing would also lead to a more reliable energy grid for consumers.
“After decades of underinvestment, our current grid is ill-equipped to handle the energy transition or increasingly frequent severe weather events,” Wetstone told CNBC. So in addition to making clean energy available cheaply, “a macro grid would also allow for the transfer of energy to prevent blackouts and price spikes during extreme weather events,” Wetstone said.
A 2021 NREL study, “Interconnections Seam Study,” found benefit-to-cost ratios that reach as high as 2.5, meaning for each dollar invested in transmission that connects the major components of the U.S. power grid — the Western Interconnection, the Eastern Interconnection, and the Electric Reliability Council of Texas — would return up to $2.50.
Here is a visualization from the National Renewable Energy Lab’s “Interconnections Seam Study” showing how transmission lines that connect the major regions of the U.S. power system could allow the US to access more renewable energy and allow regions to balance energy demand.
Graphic courtesy National Renewable Energy Lab
Why the US does not have a macro, cross-regional grid
“Who pays for transmission I think is the biggest problem,” Rob Gramlich, the founder of the transmission policy company Grid Strategies, told CNBC. “It’s a freaking mess,” he said.
Currently, transmission lines that are constructed in the U.S. have to go through a years-long planning, approval and regulatory process where all of the utilities, regulators and landowners determine who benefits and how much each beneficiary should pay.
“Figuring out how to share costs among the many parties that would benefit from (and be impacted by) new transmission can be contentious, as can navigating permitting processes at the county, state, and federal levels along new routes,” explains Patrick Brown, a researcher working on transmission issues at the NREL.
In addition, local stakeholders often dig in their heels in when a new transmission line has the potential to undercut their existing business.
“The majority of new transmission is built for local needs and disconnected from any regional or interregional planning. Not surprisingly, the owners of these local projects seek to protect their transmission and generation earnings from being reduced by less expensive renewable resources that would be brought onto the grid as a result of interregional transmission,” Wetstone told CNBC. “So the broader societal benefits of a larger and more resilient grid are often ignored.”
It will be especially challenging to determine exactly who benefits exactly how much for a transmission line that spans the entire country.
“The system in and of itself is a benefit to the nation,” McCalley told CNBC. “The principle of ‘beneficiaries pay’ is harder to implement in that case.” So there’s no clear answer yet on how a macrogrid line would be paid for.
“My view has been the federal government, in concert with state government, in concert with developers — that it’s got to be a coordinated, complementary division of funds somehow, between those three, and whether it’s 95-5, or 30-30-40 percentage, I don’t know,” McCalley said.
For example, the larger utility companies in the US (like PG&E, American Electric Power Company, Duke Energy, or Dominion) could partner with the companies that make this kind of transmission technology, and with federal power authorities (like the Bonneville Power Administration, Western Area Power Administration, Southeastern Power Administration and Southwestern Power Administration) to coordinate a macro-grid construction project, McCalley said.
The cooling towers at the Stanton Energy Center, a coal-fired power plant in Orlando, are seen near electrical transmission towers. The facility is projected to convert from burning coal to using natural gas by 2027. U.N. climate talks ended on November 13, 2021 with a deal that for the first time targeted fossil fuels as the key driver of global warming, even as coal-reliant countries lobbed last-minute objections.
Sopa Images | Lightrocket | Getty Images
‘Get them in one room’
Despite the current morass of planning and building transmission lines in the U.S., “there are also many ways to overcome these barriers,” Brown at NREL told CNBC.
“Existing rights-of-way can be reused; new federal guidelines could encourage proactive interregional planning and coordination and help identify the highest-priority expansion options; and public engagement and community ownership can help get local stakeholders onboard.”
Regulators ought to be forced to work together, according to Konstantin Staschus, who has been working with transmission for his entire career, both in the U.S. and in Europe.
When the Midcontinent Independent System Operator, one of seven regional planning agencies in the United States, plans transmission line construction plans, it starts with a massive meeting. At the kickoff for its next round of transmission planning, MISO had a three hour planning meeting with 377 people in the meeting.
In the same way all of those stakeholders are pushed together to hash out their differences, so too should that happen for larger scale planning, according to Staschus, who was the Secretary-General of Europe’s transmission planning body, the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity, for the first eight years of the regulatory body’s existence, from 2009 to early 2017.
“Get them in one room. Make them plan nationally. Make them redo it every year,” Staschus told CNBC.
“If they do that and if they’re experts — scratch their heads for months, figure out all the data and argue about the assumptions and the cost allocation, and they come with a proposal to their own management and convince them and then the management goes together to the various regulators and convinced them,” then the U.S. will be on a better path, Staschus told CNBC.
“But if you don’t treat it like a countrywide system, you won’t start this process.”
For Johnson of MISO, though, these kinds of idealistic discussions of building a national system come from people who don’t truly understand the challenge of getting a transmission line built even on a regional basis. For instance, the lines might run through entire states that don’t pull energy from that system.
“Those things are going to be far more complicated than what people are aware,” Johnson said. The challenge is not designing a transmission line, Johnson says, the challenge is determining who benefits how much and how much they have to pay.
What Johnson sees as more likely is stronger connections at the seams from one planning region to another. “I think of it kind of like a bucket brigade,” Johnson said, where one region can more seamlessly share power with its next door neighbor.
Jesse Jenkins, who is Princeton professor and a macro-scale energy systems engineer, says that while national-level grids are attractive, these interregional grids are essential.
“I don’t think we necessarily need a continent-scale macro grid, although there are plenty of studies showing the benefits of a such a ‘interstate highways’ system for transmission, so it would be nice to have,” Jenkins said. “What we absolutely need is a substantial increase in key inter-regional long-distance transmission routes. So it’s not all local lines (e.g. within single states). We need a lot of new or expanded/reconductored multi-state corridors as well.”
If the US can’t get national lines built, then interregional lines are better than nothing, agrees McCalley. But emissions reductions will remain more expensive than if we built a national grid.
“If we rely on what we have done in the past, it would be really hard because every state weighs in, and every state gets veto power, essentially. And so that won’t work,” McCalley said.
China’s CHN Energy has connected the first solar units from its 1-gigawatt (GW) offshore solar farm – the world’s first and largest of its kind – to the grid.
The massive project is located off the coast of Dongying City in Shandong Province, eastern China.
Developed by CHN Energy’s Guohua Energy Investment Co., it aims to serve as a benchmark for future large-scale offshore solar farms.
The project sits 8 km (5 miles) off the coast and spans an impressive 1,223 hectares (3,023 acres). It uses 2,934 solar platforms that rest on large-scale offshore steel truss foundations, each platform measuring 60m (197 feet) by 35m (115 feet).
It’s the first time in China that a 66-kilovolt offshore cable paired with an onshore cable has been used for high-capacity, long-distance electricity transmission in the solar sector.
Once completed, this offshore solar farm is expected to generate 1.78 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity annually – enough to power around 2.67 million urban homes. It could also help save about 503,800 tons of standard coal and cut down carbon dioxide emissions by roughly 1.34 million tons annually.
The project also includes fish farming, making better use of the marine space by integrating renewable energy with aquaculture.
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At least one new Kia EV model will be revealed at next week’s LA Auto Show. Kia is teasing the new EV ahead of the event, claiming it wants to make “it very clear” that the company is charging ahead in the US.
After shattering its October US sales record last month, Kia said new models are “generating significant foot traffic” into showrooms.
The company expects the momentum to continue with a slate of new models debuting next week at the 2024 LA Auto Show. Kia will unveil five new vehicles across ICE, HEV, PHEV, and EV powertrains.
Kia’s new models will feature its latest design theme, shown in its next-gen EV models like the three-row EV9 and compact EV3 electric SUVs.
“With five vehicles to unveil at next week’s Los Angeles Auto Show, we want it to be made very clear that Kia is driving forward on all fronts,” Kia America’s EVP and COO, Steven Center, said Thursday.
Center said Kia will pull the sheets of some of its most important models yet and believes “our customers will be delighted at what’s coming to our showrooms in the very near future.”
Which EV model is Kia teasing for its big US debut?
So, what EV will Kia debut for the US market? It will likely be the smaller EV3 electric SUV. Kia launched the EV3 in Korea this summer, starting at around $30,000 (KRW 42.08 million). Earlier this week, Kia said the compact electric SUV is now available in Europe with a “segment-leading” range of up to 375 miles.
In Europe, the EV3 starts at around 36,000 euros ($38,000), while UK prices (where it’s been on sale since August) start at £32,995 ($42,000).
Kia’s vice president, Jeong Won-Jeong, is already calling the smaller electric SUV a “game changer” in Korea, with strong demand for the low-cost EV model.
Will it have the same impact in the US? At 4,300 mm long, 1,850 mm wide, and 1,560 mm tall, the EV3 is about the size of the Chevy Bolt EUV (4,306 mm length x 1,770 mm width x 1,616 mm x height).
The Bolt was GM’s top-selling EV over the past few years until the company ended production at the end of 2023.
GM announced it sold its 300,000th EV in the US last month since 2016. Over 212,000 of them were Bolt EV models. According to GM’s president, Mark Reuss, a new model is due out next year as part of the “family of Bolts.”
The 2024 Chevy Bolt EUV started at $27,800. Can Kia match (or undercut) the price? Kia is expected to build the EV3 in Mexico to take advantage of the US EV tax credit. With prices expected to start between $30,000 and $40,000, the tax credit could lower the price tag to around $22,500 and $32,500.
A US-spec Kia EV3 was spotted in California earlier this year testing on public streets, and its debut is expected soon.
Next year, Kia will launch the EV4, its version of an entry-level electric sedan. The company promises it will be an “entirely new type of EV sedan.”
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We’ve got some great Green Deals for you today, led by Rad Power’s official 2024 Black Friday sale that is running through the rest of the month and offering up to $500 discounts on veteran e-bikes, free extra battery promotions on the newest models, and plenty of accessory discounts up to 30% – all starting from $1,099. Right behind it is Segway’s latest ZT3 Pro All-Terrain Electric Scooter that has two differing offers – the first being a $200 discount while the second gives you a free Lumina power station, starting from $1,100. We have the return of the all-time lowest price on GoTrax’s Everest Electric Dirt Bike at $4,000 for today only, as well as new low prices on Worx’s M 20V and L 20V Landroid Robotic Lawn Mowers that start from $540. Lastly, Walmart’s early Black Friday sale has discounted a selection of Greenworks equipment, with the 60V 16-inch Cordless Electric Chainsaw hitting a new $139 low. Plus, all the other hangover Green Deals are in the links at the bottom of the page, like yesterday’s $600 off Black Friday deal on Heybike’s Cityrun e-bike, or the other low prices from ENGWE, Segway Ninebot, and more.
Rad Power has launched its official 2024 Black Friday sale through December 4, offering up to $500 in discounts on e-bikes, as well as free extra battery promotions on its newest models (worth $599), 30% off accessory deals, 25% off vehicle racks, and more. The biggest cash discount during this event is on the RadExpand 5 Folding e-bike that is down at $1,099 shipped – plus, you’ll also be getting a free accessory under $200. Normally priced at $1,599, we’ve seen it as the focus of a few different sales so far in 2024, with most of them cutting the price down to $1,299, though some took things lower to $1,249. With this sale, though, you’re looking at a bigger-than-ever $500 in savings that beats out the former low price by $150 and marks a new all-time low going forward – even beating out last year’s Black Friday sale too.
Rad Power’s RadExpand 5 e-bike makes the perfect addition to homes that need a well-rounded utility model that can also save you on storage space when you’re not on the saddle thanks to its folding frame. The 750W brushless geared rear-hub motor arrives powered by a 672Wh battery, providing a 20 MPH top speed with four pedal assistance levels (yes, there’s a throttle too) and supporting you through your commute, errands, and more with 45+ miles of travel range on a full charge.
Along with its performance, there’s a solid collection of stock features like the LED headlight and the integrated taillight with brake lighting – plus, they both sport automatic functioning, turning on when surrounding light levels drop low enough. There’s also the integrated cargo rack (which has a 55-pound weight limit), fenders to go over both 20-inch by 4-inch fat tires, a water-resistant wiring harness, a 7-speed MicroShift derailleur, and an LED display.
More of Rad Power’s 2024 Black Friday e-bike deals:
Rad Power 2024 Black Friday vehicle rack discounts:
Score $200 off Segway’s new ZT3 Pro all-terrain e-scooter or get it with a free power station starting from $1,100
We’re still waiting for Segway to officially drop its Black Friday savings, though we are seeing one early access opportunity in the S2 Smart Self-Balancing Scooter at its all-time lowest rate and matching at Amazon. In the meantime, the brand is offering two separate deals on its new ZT3 Pro All-Terrain eKickScooter, with the first being a discount to $1,099.99 shipped. Down for the first time since officially launching last month, it comes in as the second-lowest price overall considering the pre-order special that had costs down at $950. You’ll still be saving a solid $200 on this all-new model though, or you can buy it at full price to take advantage of the alternative deal (more on that below).
Segway’s new ZT3 Pro electric scooter cruises across any terrain your journeys take you at top speeds of 24.9 MPH thanks to the 1,600W brushless motor that provides enough torque to conquer inclines up to 25% with ease. The 597Wh battery here is supported by RideyLong tech with an advanced controller algorithm that extends its travel capacity “by up to 20%,” lending to the 43.5 miles it carries you on a single 4-hour charge while in Eco Mode (18.6 miles when kicked into its high-powered Sport mode). Segway has even taken sudden needs to travel into consideration, giving it the ability the provide 6.2 miles off just 30 minutes of charging if you really need to get going.
Rider safety, stability, and comfort have been one of the main focuses of this model too, as it has been given plenty of features to support smoother and more controlled riding, like the full suspension frame, 6 inches of clearance from the ground, a pair of 11-inch all-terrain tubeless tires, as well as a Segride stability enhancement system that works alongside its Traction Control System. It boasts an IPX5 waterproof designation (with the battery rated IPX7) and even eco-friendly ASA thermoplastic that is easy to replace if damaged – plus, tons of smart features, like Apple Find My, and lighting too, which you can check out in full by reading our in-depth launch coverage.
Segway is also offering an alternative deal on this new model if you choose to buy it at full price – which, along with the scooter, gives you a free Lumina 500 Portable Power Station (valued at $400). This model has a more compact form factor than the brand’s other power stations, offering a 512Wh capacity (peaking at 1,200W) and being able to dish out power at 600W speeds – with a full battery only taking one hour to get when plugged into a wall outlet. All-in-all, there are eight ports to charge your devices and power small appliances – two ACs, two USB-Cs, and four USB-As.
Second chance at landing GoTrax’s Everest electric dirt bike with massive $2,000 discount at $4,000 low (Today only)
Coming to us through its Deals of the Day, Best Buy is offering the GoTrax Everest Electric Dirt Bike down at $3,999.99 shipped through the rest of the day. It normally keeps to its recent $6,000 price tag most of the time after falling from the original $6,500 rate months ago, with very few discounts dropping costs further since it released last year. In 2024, we’ve mainly seen three previous one-day sales like this one, the first two only taking the price down to $5,500, while September saw the first fall to the $4,000 low. It’s returning again here today, giving you the chance to score it at $2,000 off and the lowest price we have seen to date.
GoTrax’s Everest electric dirt bike races onto the tracks and trails with a monstrous 4,000W rear-drive motor that conquers terrain effortlessly, peaking up to 8,000W. It tops out at speeds of 53 MPH, and the removable 72V battery provides a 50-mile travel distance on a single four-hour charge. There are a bunch of features here that only enhance your electric motocross adventures, with multiple riding modes, dual-shock suspension paired with hydraulic disc brakes, and deep-tooth off-road tires. You’ll also be getting dual headlights, a taillight with braking and turn signal functionality, mudguards, and an LED digital display to control its settings. It also weighs in on the lighter side of dirt bikes, even for an electric model – coming in at just 172 pounds.
Get the lowest prices yet on Worx’s Landroid robotic lawn mowers for 1/4 and 1/2-acre yards from $540
Amazon is giving us two of the best rates yet on the Worx Landroid Robotic Lawn Mowers ahead of official Black Friday sales, with the M 20V model down at $539.99 shipped, while the L 20V model is hitting $631.13 shipped. These two models would normally run you $900 and $1,150 more recently since they fell from higher $1,200 and $1,500 MSRPs earlier in the year. We’ve only been seeing the M 20V version keeping above $719 throughout the year, with the S 20V often getting the bulk of the savings, but today, we’re seeing a 40% markdown that takes things lower than ever before, saving you $360 and landing it at a new all-time low price – right alongside the new all-time low on its L 20V counterpart.
You can now get autonomous support outdoors in your yards with these Worx Landroid robotic lawn mower models, with the M 20V covering up to 1/4 acres while the L 20V handles lawns up to 1/2 acres in size. The advanced AI here keeps it on the most efficient path, raising and lowering its floating blade whenever it needs added clearance through more uneven sections of the terrain. You’ll be getting the full detail of smart controls through its companion app via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, and as a bonus, the batteries that run them are also part of Worx’s PowerShare ecosystem, meaning you can switch them out with other tools from the brand that you may already have.
Walmart drops the Greenworks 60V 16-inch cordless electric chainsaw to new $139 low
As part of its ongoing early Black Friday sale, Walmart is offering some significant discounts on Greenworks lawn care and outdoor equipment, like the 60V 16-inch Cordless Electric Chainsaw that comes with a 2.5Ah battery, charger, and a bonus chain for $139 shipped. Down from its usual $268 pricing, the closest model you can find to this one over at Amazon is sitting $80 higher in price, at the moment. While we’ve been seeing this model bounce around in price all year, costs never fell below $200 before today’s deal, which is giving folks the opportunity at a 48% markdown that saves you $129 for the new all-time lowest price we have tracked. On top of the cash savings, you’ll also be getting a little bonus savings in the form of the included extra chain that comes with the battery and charger.
Those of you stocking up on firewood or are in need of a reliable method to cut up damaged limbs and trees from possible heavy snowfalls and winter storming will get just what you need with this 60V cordless electric chainsaw from Greenworks. The included 2.5Ah battery ensures 90 consecutive cuts on a single 50-minute charge, while the bonus 16-inch chain gives you a backup should anything happen to damage the stocked chain. It makes a conveniently lightweight and quieter addition to home arsenals, replacing gas-guzzlers with the same power to rival a 38cc model.
The savings this week are also continuing to a collection of other markdowns. To the same tune as the offers above, these all help you take a more energy-conscious approach to your routine. Winter means you can lock in even better off-season price cuts on electric tools for the lawn while saving on EVs and tons of other gear.
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