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Astronomers have spotted the most powerful cosmic explosion ever seen — a mysterious, years-long eruption 10 times brighter than any observed supernova.

Astronomers spotted the  event, named AT2021lwx, 8 billion light-years from Earth. Releasing roughly 100 times the energy the sun will release over its entire lifetime, the strange explosion burst into activity when the universe was 6 billion years old.

“We came upon this by chance, as it was flagged by our search algorithm when we were searching for a type of supernova,” study lead author Philip Wiseman (opens in new tab) , an astronomer at the University of Southampton in the U.K., said in a statement (opens in new tab) . “Most supernovae and tidal disruption events [bright flashes that occur when black holes tear apart wandering stars] only last for a couple of months before fading away. For something to be bright for two plus years was immediately very unusual.”

Related: James Webb Space Telescope discovers oldest black hole in the universe — a cosmic monster 10 million times heavier than the sun

The cause of the mysterious explosion is unclear, but astronomers think it’s most likely the result of a gigantic cloud of hydrogen gas thousands of times larger than our sun being gobbled up by a supermassive black hole. 

As chunks of the cloud are swallowed, shockwaves travel across the remaining hot gas, producing a giant explosion whose light has been bombarding Earth for more than two years and is yet to die out. By using two telescope systems designed for full-sky surveys — the Zwicky Transient Facility in California and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) in Hawaii — the researchers detected the distant event’s bright, flashing light.

Black holes are born from the collapse of giant stars and grow by gorging on gas, dust, stars and other black holes. For some of these gluttonous space-time ruptures, friction causes the material spiraling into their maws to heat up and emit light that can be detected by telescopes — turning them into so-called active galactic nuclei (AGN). 

The most extreme AGN are quasars — supermassive black holes billions of times heavier than the sun that shed their gaseous cocoons with light blasts trillions of times more luminous than the brightest stars. RELATED STORIES—’Green Monster’ supernova is the youngest in the Milky Way, James Webb telescope reveals

—Black holes may be swallowing invisible matter that slows the movement of stars

—What’s the biggest black hole in the universe?

Yet despite having a brightness on the scale of a quasar, the explosion is too short-lived to be one.

“With a quasar, we see the brightness flickering up and down over time. But looking back over a decade there was no detection of AT2021lwx, then suddenly it appears with the brightness of the brightest things in the universe, which is unprecedented,” co-author Mark Sullivan (opens in new tab) , a professor of astronomy at the University of Southampton, said in the statement. This means the explosion is likely to be from a gas cloud that was initially safely orbiting the black hole but got knocked off course to be sucked into the cosmic monster’s maw.

To confirm the identity of the object causing the explosion, the researchers are now studying the explosion in more detail by scanning across wavelengths. This could reveal its surface shape, temperature and the mysterious processes that are generating the bright light.

The researchers published their findings May 11 in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (opens in new tab) .

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Leafs’ Matthews in Germany for injury treatment

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Leafs' Matthews in Germany for injury treatment

TORONTO — Auston Matthews boarded a plane and crossed an ocean.

The Toronto Maple Leafs are hoping the trip provides some answers — and returns their best to the ice.

General manager Brad Treliving said following Tuesday’s practice his captain, out day-to-day since Nov. 5 because of an undisclosed upper-body injury, is in Germany to see a doctor the star center has worked with in the past.

“More as a general checkup,” Treliving said during an unscheduled availability with reporters. “But also to get some work done on this thing.”

Matthews has sat out six games and will be out a seventh Wednesday when Toronto hosts the Vegas Golden Knights.

Treliving, who added a team doctor accompanied the star forward to Europe, said with the Leafs playing only twice this week the organization decided to use the time to its advantage.

Treliving declined to provide further details on what’s ailing Matthews, who’s believed to have skated only twice since last playing Nov. 3.

“There’s been no setbacks,” Treliving said of the 2022 Hart Trophy winner. “Everything’s been, actually, going quite well. We’re just trying to use the days that we’ve got here with less games being played to just try to get this behind us.”

Toronto (11-6-2) was already down three forwards with Matthews, Max Pacioretty and Calle Jarnkrok sidelined before announcing earlier Tuesday center David Kampf (lower-body injury) is also now on the shelf. Fraser Minten was recalled from the minors to take his spot.

Reaves reaction

Leafs enforcer Ryan Reaves was suspended five games for Saturday’s illegal check to the head on Oilers defenseman Darnell Nurse.

“Never want to see anybody injured,” Treliving said. “It’s a hockey play that goes wrong.”

Reaves was in Toronto’s locker room Tuesday following practice and appeared willing to speak with reporters, but the team’s communications staff intervened and made it clear the 37-year-old forward wasn’t available to comment.

“We thought it was a little high,” Leafs center John Tavares said of a ban from the NHL’s Department of Player Safety that rules Reaves out until Dec. 4. “But we’ll stick behind him … we know how effective he’s been.”

Domi struggling

Leafs forward Max Domi has just six assists — and is on a career-worst 13-game point drought — despite playing an offensive role.

The 29-year-old, who was on the ice Tuesday, missed two recent practices for maintenance.

“He’s fighting through a lot right now … he’s banged up,” coach Craig Berube said. “I’m not overly concerned. We gotta keep working through it.”

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NHL ref Dunning back home after on-ice collision

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NHL ref Dunning back home after on-ice collision

PHILADELPHIA — The NHL referee who was stretchered out of a game following a violent collision with Colorado defenseman Josh Manson was back home Tuesday and expected to make a full recovery.

The league said that Mitch Dunning was home following a trip to the hospital for precautionary reasons after he was accidentally knocked down by Manson in the Avalanche-Flyers game.

Manson skated alone on the ice Monday night when he slammed into Dunning near the blue line early in the first period. Dunning went down in a heap and lay prone on the ice for several minutes. Dunning appeared to be moving his feet and moved his right hand when Manson went to talk to him.

The game at the Wells Fargo Center was delayed for several minutes while trainers and medical staff tended to Dunning.

The game continued with one referee and two linespersons. Colorado beat Philadelphia 3-2.

Dunning is a former professional hockey defenseman who played parts of three seasons in the OHL. He later shifted into officiating and was promoted to full-time NHL status in 2022.

The NHL did not say when Dunning would return to work.

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2 years after record season, B’s fire Montgomery

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2 years after record season, B's fire Montgomery

The Boston Bruins have fired coach Jim Montgomery after stumbling to a losing record in their first 20 games, the team announced Tuesday.

Associate coach Joe Sacco was elevated to interim head coach. The Bruins are off to an 8-9-3 start (.475 points percentage) and outside of a playoff seed in the Eastern Conference.

General manager Don Sweeney called the move “a difficult decision.”

“Jim Montgomery is a very good NHL coach and an even better person. He has made a positive impact throughout the Bruins organization, and I am both grateful and appreciative of the opportunity to work with him and learn from him,” Sweeney said in a statement.

Sacco was previously coach of the Colorado Avalanche from 2009 to 2013 and has been a part of the Boston coaching staff since 2014. The 55-year-old had a 13-year NHL playing career with five teams from 1990 to 2003.

“Our team’s inconsistency and performance in the first 20 games of the 2024-25 season has been concerning and below how the Bruins want to reward our fans. I believe Joe Sacco has the coaching experience to bring the players and the team back to focusing on the consistent effort the NHL requires to have success,” Sweeney said. “We will continue to work to make the necessary adjustments to meet the standard and performance our supportive fans expect.”

Montgomery, 55, had a 120-41-23 record (.715 points percentage) in three seasons with the Bruins, making the playoffs twice. Both trips to the postseason ended at the hands of the Florida Panthers. Boston was stunned in a seven-game, first-round upset in 2023 after having the most successful regular season in NHL history (135 points), and again earlier this year when it lost to Florida in the second round after eliminating the Maple Leafs in seven games.

Montgomery won the Jack Adams Award as NHL coach of the year in 2022-23. He previously coached the Dallas Stars for two seasons (2018-20), amassing a record of 60-43-10.

As Montgomery chronicled in his 2023 NHL Awards speech, his success in Boston came after he turned his personal life around. “Three and a half years ago, the Dallas Stars terminated my contract because of my struggles with alcohol,” he said. “And I had to change my actions and behaviors.”

Despite Sweeney saying the sides were discussing an extension during training camp, Montgomery didn’t have a contract beyond the 2024-25 season.

The Bruins have been one of the NHL’s most notable disappointments this season. They’re 31st in team offense (2.40 goals per game) and 28th in defense (3.45 goals against per game).

Previously dependable aspects of the team have malfunctioned, in particular the goaltending. The team traded former Vezina winner Linus Ullmark to the Ottawa Senators for goalie Joonas Korpisalo. The Ullmark deal broke up the best goalie tandem in the NHL with 26-year-old Jeremy Swayman, who missed training camp during a bitter negotiation before signing an eight-year contract that will pay him $66 million.

Swayman has a 5-7-2 record with an .884 save percentage and a 3.47 goals-against average. After the Bruins lost to the Columbus Blue Jackets 5-1 on Monday, Montgomery said missing training camp wasn’t advantageous.

“I don’t think missing training camp helps anyone,” Montgomery said. “That’s why you have training camps.”

Montgomery has been seen having animated discussions with captain Brad Marchand on the Boston bench multiple times this season. He also benched leading goal scorer David Pastrnak in a game earlier this month.

Montgomery’s firing is the first coaching change of the 2024-25 season. Sacco is the fourth head coach under Sweeney since the GM took over in 2015.

“I’m supportive of Don’s decision to address our current play and performance,” team president Cam Neely said in a statement. “Joe Sacco has a wealth of experience and knowledge of our roster and can help lead our team in the right direction. He has a strong understanding of our standards and expectations, and I trust he will do all he can to accomplish our organization’s goals this season.”

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