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EDITOR’S NOTE: This is the fifth in a five-part series called “How Florida got so conservative.”

It was less than a day after the 2012 presidential election and Florida Republicans were already suffering from a particularly painful post-election hangover. 

The state GOP had outspent the Florida Democratic Party by a 3-to-1 margin, while Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney had visited the state nearly 40 times — far more than then-President Barack Obama. 

Yet Obama still came out on top, eking out a narrow 1-point victory that earned him Florida’s 29 electoral votes and helped propel him to a second term in the White House. The details of that win were even more alarming for Republicans. 

Florida’s politically influential Cuban community, which had favored Republicans for decades, split its vote almost evenly between Romney and Obama, according to exit polling at the time. The GOP had even gone as far as to hold its 2012 national convention in Tampa in an effort to show its commitment to the state.

For Democrats, it was a momentous occasion; a show of how discipline, data and long-term organizing efforts could win over even the toughest and most expensive of battleground states.

“The feeling was that Democrats had picked the Republican lock on Florida,” recalled Fernand Amandi, a Miami-based Democratic pollster who helped Obama win the state in 2008 and 2012. “Almost like a video game cheat code.” Reversal of fortune

Jason Radlinger stands in support of Democratic candidate for Florida governor Charlie Crist during a Get Out the Vote Rally on Monday, Nov. 7, 2022, in Wilton Manors, Fla. (AP Photo/Michael Laughlin)

Fast forward a decade and that Democratic high has largely faded. No Democratic presidential candidate has carried Florida since Obama’s reelection victory, Republicans have consolidated their control of the legislature and every statewide elected office and the state Democratic Party is seeking to rebound from the verge of political irrelevancy.

It’s not all terrible news for the party: This month, Democrats scored a surprise upset in the Jacksonville, Fla., mayoral race, flipping the office and beating a Republican who carried Gov. Ron DeSantis’s endorsement in the process.

Nikki Fried, the current chair of the Florida Democratic Party, was quick to celebrate the win, declaring the following morning on Twitter that the Florida Democrats “are back.”

But while the Jacksonville victory was significant and put new wind in the state party’s sails after a string of dispiriting losses, it’s still unclear if it is a harbinger of what’s to come.

In interviews with The Hill, a dozen Democratic operatives, strategists and elected officials cited the need to ramp up voter registration efforts, local organizing and turnout operations and candidate recruitment, conceding that the party had repeatedly failed to follow through on those efforts in recent years.

“The Democrats went to celebrate Obama’s reelection and never came back to Florida,” Amandi said in the weeks before the Jacksonville win.

Now Democrats are wondering if Florida’s recent swing toward conservatism is permanent, or simply an anomaly.

“What we are selling in the State of Florida, Floridians are not buying,” Rep. Jared Moskowitz (D-Fla.) said.

“There are two options for Democrats in Florida: Do our job right and reenergize the Democratic Party or do nothing and allow Republicans being in charge to become the new normal,” he added.

There’s broad consensus among Democrats in the state about what needs to be done. But there’s also broad agreement that the party’s fortunes aren’t likely to change overnight. Thomas Kennedy, a Democratic National Committee (DNC) member from Florida, said that his party should take a page out of the GOP’s playbook.

“It’s going to require long-term thinking,” Kennedy said. “Look what Republicans did with abortion, for example. They played the long game, they confirmed judges, they flipped state legislatures, engaged in some kind of judicial activism.” 

“It was a multigenerational, multi-decade campaign and we have to start thinking like that.”  More stories on Florida’s conservative shift: Florida becomes conservative model for other GOP states How DeSantis benefited from Florida’s changing politics How the pandemic turned Florida red Florida’s shift to conservative bastion ‘We really need to start building a bench’

Florida Democratic Party Chair Nikki Fried speaks during a news conference outside the Pat Franks Court Building Monday, Aug. 22, 2022 in Tampa. Chris Urso/Tampa Bay Times via AP)

Kennedy said that Democrats’ efforts to regain a foothold in Florida would have to start at the local level. Winning those down-ballot races — for offices like city councils, county commissions and the state legislature — is necessary to build a bench of candidates who could eventually run for higher office.

“We really need to start building a bench,” Kennedy said. “When you look at Republicans, they did that for a long time. [Sen.] Marco Rubio was once just a young punk in the West Miami City Commission.” 

Rep. Lois Frankel (D-Fla.), whose South Florida congressional district encompasses former President Donald Trump’s Palm Beach estate, said that part of her party’s challenges are financial; many major donors and national organizations have pulled back in Florida in recent years, while the state Democratic Party and its candidates have struggled to keep pace with Republicans in fundraising.

The party raised just under $681,000 in the first quarter of 2023 while the state GOP pulled in more than $8.4 million, according to campaign finance reports filed with the Florida Division of Elections.

“It’s not an overnight thing but I do think obviously the party needs to be resourced,” Frankel said.

In one of its latest efforts to right the ship, Florida Democrats elected former state Agriculture Commissioner Nikki Fried as their new chair in February, replacing former Chair Manny Diaz, who resigned under pressure in January. 

Diaz’s resignation marked the latest setback for a party that has been consumed for years by dysfunction, infighting, financial woes and lackluster electoral performances.

In an interview with The Hill earlier this month, Fried said there wasn’t the same commitment to the state party in previous election cycles that she’s seeing now.

“I think that our party chair was not as engaged to be successful and so when you don’t have a partnership, outside dollars, outside support walks away,” she said.  A new beginning

Several Democrats say they have seen potential signs of improvement reaching Florida voters under Fried’s leadership. (Getty Images)

Now, Fried has had to put the past behind her. 

“Right now, it’s a rebuild,” she said. “It’s not even fixing the party. It is starting from scratch. It is going back to the basics. It’s making sure that we are enlisting and engaging all aspects of the state. It’s making sure that we’re pulling in people that are going to work around the clock. 

She says she spends her days talking to donors, elected officials, grassroots organizers, people inside the state and across the country “selling the story that the Democratic Party of Florida is back.”

“What is exciting is I’m hearing from people across the state that we haven’t been engaged in decades, haven’t been giving to the party in decades, and after I was elected, they’re back engaged,” she said. 

Fried said so far she’s pleased with the results, pointing to recent visits from President Joe Biden, Vice President Kamala Harris, House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries and other party leaders. 

“The party apparatus understands they can’t leave Florida out,” she said. “That too much of the messaging that comes out of Florida permeates across the rest of the country and they had left that message unchecked.” 

Several Democrats said there are signs of improvement under Fried’s leadership. The Florida Democratic Party has ramped up its rapid response program in hopes of more aggressively countering the GOP’s messaging. And Fried is said to be courting donors and national groups.

Frankel also said that Biden has signaled that he’ll make a play for Florida in 2024 — a priority that could help draw more national money and attention to the state.

“There have been one-on-one talks with the president on this, and he insists that he’s going to play in Florida,” Frankel said. “I think that would be very important and I think we have a fighting shot.” 

The political jolt the party received on Tuesday has only rejuvenated her and Florida Democrats. Following the election, she kicked off a fundraising effort to raise $24,000 in 24 hours ahead of 2024.

“Good morning from the purple, swing state of Florida,” she tweeted on Wednesday. Hurdles remain for Dems

Incumbent Florida Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis speaks to supporters at an election night party after winning his race for reelection in Tampa, Fla., Tuesday, Nov. 8, 2022, as his wife Casey listens. (AP Photo/Rebecca Blackwell)

But there are challenges that a national campaign apparatus won’t fix. 

A new congressional map pushed by Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis helped Republicans pick up four new House seats in Florida last year. And the GOP’s current voter registration advantage over Democrats, which now stands at more than 450,000, has only continued to grow. Any effort by Democrats to reverse that trend is likely to stretch well beyond 2024.

Rep. Kathy Castor (D-Fla.) said whether Democrats will have a fighting chance next year will depend on their ability to win over the growing number of independent voters in Florida. 

“We have an untapped number of people who live there who are not engaged in the political system at all,” Castor said. “And that’s our challenge: to get them off the sidelines and get them engaged.”

There’s also a good chance that the next GOP presidential nominee will be a Floridian; DeSantis, who won reelection last year by a staggering 19-point margin, is likely to enter the 2024 presidential race in the coming weeks, while Trump, whose base of political operations is in Palm Beach, is currently seen as the clear frontrunner for the GOP nod.

“We can say all we want that we’re going to organize, that we’re going to raise money, that we’re going to do all this stuff — register voters, whatever,” one Democratic consultant who has worked in Florida politics said. “And that’s great. We should do those things.”

“But if we’re talking about where things go from here? When things get better? I just don’t think it’s going to be 2024,” the consultant added.

Others are more optimistic about the party’s chances. Rep. Maxwell Alejandro Frost (D-Fla.), a 26-year-old who was elected to Congress last year, called the deep series of Democratic losses in 2022 an “anomaly.”

“What we saw happen this past election was an anomaly that had to do a lot of the spending that was going on and Ron DeSantis specifically,” he said. “And I think we’ll see, with the president on the ballot, we’re going to be in a lot better place.”

“Not saying we’re going to turn it blue in one cycle,” he added, “but I think we’re going to see those margins cut pretty heavily.”

Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz (D-Fla.), a former DNC chair, acknowledged that the Florida Democratic Party “needs to rebuild,” but added that it’s already in the process of doing so.

But Florida’s political future might just depend as much on what Republicans do with their current power as Democrats’ efforts to regain their footing, said Justin Sayfie, a longtime Florida Republican consultant who served as a spokesperson and top adviser for former Gov. Jeb Bush. 

“The pendulum always swings back and forth,” Sayfie said. “I think it’ll swing back faster if there’s a perception that Republicans are not exercising power for the benefit of the state. But if the economy stays strong…if crime stays low, Republicans can expect to maintain power for the foreseeable future.”

Fried sounded a note of optimism for the near future of the party.

“I have said that there’s two paths we can be on,” she said. “There’s one path where I stop the bleeding, that we protect our seats, we flip back some of our House seats that we should not have lost in ’22 and we hold the line…The other path is the pendulum swings back faster and harder and [we] start seeing the unraveling of the Republican Party in the ’24 cycle.”

The more likely scenario, she said, is that the 2024 election cycle will fall “somewhere in the middle” of those two outcomes. Dr. Seuss plaque missing on Mulberry Street $5B ‘moon’ real estate project proposed for skyscraper-studded Dubai

“Somewhere in the middle is really where I’m predicting. That without a doubt we will not ever see a November ’22 election result again.” 

Mychael Schnell contributed.

This is the fifth in a five-part series called “How Florida got so conservative.”

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No team has repeated in a quarter century. Are the Dodgers different?

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No team has repeated in a quarter century. Are the Dodgers different?

WHEN THE LOW point arrived last year, on Sept. 15 in Atlanta, Los Angeles Dodgers manager Dave Roberts broke character and challenged some of his players in a meeting many of them later identified as a fulcrum in their championship run.

This year, he attempted to strike a more positive tone.

It was Sept. 6. The Dodgers had just been walked off in Baltimore, immediately after being swept in Pittsburgh, and though they were still 15 games above .500, a sense of uneasiness lingered. Their division lead was slim, consistency remained elusive and spirits were noticeably down. Roberts saw an opportunity to take stock.

“He was talking to us about the importance of what was in front of us,” Dodgers infielder Miguel Rojas said in Spanish. “At that time, there were like seven, eight weeks left because we only had three weeks left in the regular season, and he wanted all of us, collectively, to think about what we were still capable of doing, and the opportunity we still had to win another championship.”

Later that night, Yoshinobu Yamamoto got within an out of no-hitting the Baltimore Orioles, then he surrendered a home run to Jackson Holliday and watched the bullpen implode after his exit, allowing three additional runs in what became the Dodgers’ most demoralizing loss of the season. The next morning, though, music blared inside Camden Yards’ visiting clubhouse. Players were upbeat, vibes were positive.

The Dodgers won behind an effective Clayton Kershaw later that afternoon, then reeled off 16 wins over their next 21 games — including back-to-back emphatic victories over the Cincinnati Reds in the first round of the playoffs.

It took a day, but Roberts’ message had seemingly landed.

“We needed some positivity,” Dodgers outfielder Teoscar Hernandez said, “to remove all of the negativity that we were feeling in that moment.”

As they approach a highly anticipated National League Division Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, the Dodgers once again look like one of the deepest, most fearsome teams in the sport.

But the journey there was arduous.

A Dodgers team many outsiders pegged as a candidate to break the regular-season-wins record of 116 ultimately won only 93, its fewest total in seven years. Defending a championship, a task no team has successfully pulled off in a quarter-century, has proven to be a lot more difficult than many Dodger players anticipated. But they’ve maintained a belief that their best selves would arrive when it mattered most. And whether it’s a product of health, focus, or because the right message hit them at the right time, they believe it’s here now.

“We’re coming together at the right time,” Dodgers third baseman Max Muncy said amid a champagne-soaked celebration Wednesday night, “and that’s all that really matters.”


BUSTER POSEY’S San Francisco Giants became the most dominant team in the first half of the 2010s, during which they captured three championships. They won every other year — on even years, famously — but could not pull off the repeat the Dodgers are chasing. To this day, Posey, now the Giants’ president of baseball operations, can’t pinpoint why.

“I wish I could,” Posey said, “because if I knew what that one thing was, I would’ve tried to correct it the second, third time through.”

Major League Baseball has not had a repeat champion since the New York Yankees won their third consecutive title in 2000, a 24-year drought that stands as the longest ever among the four major North American professional sports, according to ESPN Research. In that span, the NBA had a team win back-to-back championships on four different occasions. The NHL? Three. The NFL, whose playoff rounds all consist of one game? Two.

MLB’s drought has occurred in its wild-card era, which began in 1995 and has expanded since.

“The baseball playoffs are really difficult,” Dodgers president of baseball operations Andrew Friedman said. “You obviously have to be really good. You also have to have some really good fortune. The number of rounds and the fact that the very best team in the league wins around 60% of their games, the very worst team wins around 40% — now you take the upper-echelon in the playoffs, and the way baseball games can play out, good fortune is a real part of determining the outcomes.”

The Dodgers, now 11 wins shy of a second consecutive title, will hope for some of that good fortune this month. They’ve already encountered some of the pitfalls that come with winning a championship, including the one Posey experienced most vividly: the toll of playing deep into October.

“That month of postseason baseball — it’s more like two or three months of regular-season baseball, just because of the intensity of it,” Posey said.

The Dodgers played through Oct. 30 last year — and then they began this season March 18, nine days before almost everybody else, 5,500 miles away in Tokyo.

“At the time, you don’t see it,” Hernández said, “but when the next season starts, that’s when you start feeling your body not responding the way it should be. And it’s because you don’t get as much time to get ready, to prepare for next season. This one has been so hard, I got to be honest, because — we win last year, and we don’t even have the little extra time that everybody gets because we have to go to Japan. So, you have to push yourself to get ready a month early so you can be ready for those games. Those are games that count for the season. So, working hard when your body is not even close to 100%, I think that’s the reason. I think that’s why you see, after a team wins, next year you see a lot of players getting hurt.”

The Dodgers had the second-most amount of money from player salaries on the injured list this season, behind only the Yankees, the team they defeated in the World Series, according to Spotrac. The Dodgers sent an NL-leading 29 players to the IL, a list that included Freddie Freeman, who underwent offseason surgery on the injured ankle he played through last October, and several other members of their starting lineup — Will Smith, Max Muncy, Tommy Edman and Hernández.

The bullpen that carried the Dodgers through last fall might have paid the heaviest price. Several of those who played a prominent role last October — Blake Treinen, Michael Kopech, Evan Phillips — either struggled, were hurt or did not pitch. It might not have been the sole reason for the bullpen’s struggles — a combined 4.94 ERA from free agent signees Tanner Scott and Kirby Yates played just as big a role — but it certainly didn’t help.

“I don’t know if there’s any carryover thing,” Treinen said Sept. 16 after suffering his third consecutive loss. “I don’t believe in that. We just have a job, and it’s been weird.”


IN FEBRUARY, ROJAS made headlines by saying that the 2025 Dodgers could challenge the wins record and added they might win 120 games at full health. An 8-0 start — after an offseason in which the front office added Blake Snell, Roki Sasaki, Michael Conforto, Hyeseong Kim, Scott and Yates to what was arguably the sport’s best roster already — only ratcheted up the expectations.

The Dodgers managed a 53-32 record through the end of June — but then, they went 10-14 in July, dropped seven of their first 12 games in August and saw a seven-game lead in the National League West turn into a one-game deficit.

From July 1 to Aug. 14, the Dodgers’ offense ranked 20th in OPS and 24th in runs per game. The rotation began to round into form, but the bullpen sported the majors’ highest walk rate and put up a 1.43 WHIP in that stretch, fifth highest.

The Dodgers swept the San Diego Padres at home in mid-August, regaining some control of the division, but then Los Angeles split a series against the last-place Colorado Rockies and lost one in San Diego. The Dodgers swept the Reds, then lost two of three to the Arizona Diamondbacks, dropped three in a row to the Pirates and suffered those back-to-back walk-off losses to the Orioles.

Consistency eluded the Dodgers at a time when it felt as if every opponent was aiming for them.

Before rejoining the Dodgers ahead of the 2023 season, Rojas spent eight years with the Miami Marlins, who were continually out of the playoff race in September and found extra motivation when facing the best teams down the stretch. Those matchups functioned as their World Series.

“I think that’s the problem for those teams after winning a World Series — you’re going to have a target on your back,” Rojas said. “And it’s going to take a lot of effort for your main guys to step up every single day. And then, at the end of the regular season, you’re going to be kind of exhausted from the battle of every single day. And I think that’s why when teams get to the playoffs, they probably fall short.”

Travis d’Arnaud, now a catcher for the Los Angeles Angels, felt the same way while playing for the defending-champion Atlanta Braves in 2022. There was “a little bit more emotion” in games that otherwise didn’t mean much, he said. Teams seemed to bunt more frequently, play their infield in early and consistently line up their best relievers. Often, they’d face a starting pitcher who typically threw in the low-90s but suddenly started firing mid- to upper-90s fastballs.

“It’s just a different intensity,” said A.J. Pierzynski, the catcher for the Chicago White Sox teams that won it all in 2005 and failed to repeat in 2006. “It’s hard to quantify unless you’re playing in the games, but there’s a different intensity if you’re playing.”


BEFORE A SEASON-ENDING sweep of the Seattle Mariners, the 2025 Dodgers were dangerously close to finishing with the fewest full-season wins total of any team Friedman has overseen in these past 11 years. Friedman acknowledged that recently but added a caveat: “I’d also say that going into October, I think it’ll be the most talented team.”

It’s a belief that has fueled the Dodgers.

With Snell and Glasnow healthy, Yamamoto dialing up what was already an NL Cy Young-caliber season and Shohei Ohtani fully stretched out, the Dodgers went into the playoffs believing their rotation could carry them the way their bullpen did a year earlier. Their confidence was validated immediately. Snell allowed two baserunners through the first six innings of Game 1 of the wild-card round Tuesday night, and Yamamoto went 6⅔ innings without allowing an earned run 24 hours later.

“For us, it’s going to be our starting pitching,” Muncy said. “They’re going to set the tone.”

But an offense that has been without Smith, currently nursing a hairline fracture in his right hand, has also been clicking for a while. The Dodgers trailed only the Phillies in slugging percentage over the last three weeks of the regular season. In the Dodgers’ first two playoff games, 10 players combined to produce 28 hits. Six of them came from Mookie Betts, who began the season with an illness that caused him to lose close to 20 pounds and held a .670 OPS — 24 points below the league average — as recently as Aug. 6. Since then, he’s slashing .326/.384/.529.

His trajectory has resembled that of his team.

“We had a lot of struggles, really all year,” Betts said. “But I think we all view that as just a test to see how we would respond. And so now we’re starting to use those tests that we went through earlier to respond now and be ready now. And anything that comes our way, it can’t be worse than what we’ve already gone through.”

The Dodgers still don’t know if their bullpen will be good enough to take them through October — though Sasaki’s ninth inning Wednesday night, when he flummoxed the Reds with triple-digit fastballs and devastating splitters, certainly provided some hope — but they believe in their collective ability to navigate it.

They believe this roster is better and deeper than the championship-winning one from last fall. And, as Rojas said, they believe they “know how to flip the switch when it matters most.”

“It’s been a long year,” Muncy said. “At this point, seven months ago, we were on the other side of the world. We’ve been through a lot this year, and to end up in the spot we’re in right now — we’re in a great spot. We’re in the postseason. That’s all that matters. That’s what we’ve been saying all year. Anything can happen once you’re in October.”

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Inside Pablo Escobar’s home city where drugs are readily available to a traffic jam of cars

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Colombia is high on Trump's troublemaker list - but coca farmers will keep producing to match US demand

“Listen man, we’re a narco state, it’s just how it is, if you want to see drug deals, I’ll show you drug deals – it’s Colombia.”

I’d only asked one of our Colombian producers in passing if it was possible to see drugs being traded on the streets of Medellin. I didn’t realise it was that simple.

Medellin is synonymous with drugs and cartels. The home of perhaps the most famous of all the drug lords, Pablo Escobar, it seems to revel in its notoriety.

There are pictures of Escobar everywhere, on posters, on caps, and on t-shirts. There are even guided tours to his grave, and a museum in his honour.

Stuart Ramsay speaks with a coca farmer, who earn very little from growing the crop
Image:
Stuart Ramsay speaks with a coca farmer, who earn very little from growing the crop

This is where the big business drug cartels were born, invented by Escobar himself, the original Latin American “Godfather”.

In an infamous district in Medellin, we were instantly confronted with the sounds of dealers on the streets shouting out their products for sale as we drove through.

“Cocaine! Pills! Ecstasy! Tusi!” they shouted. All available to a traffic jam of cars waiting to buy.

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Motorcycle delivery drivers queued to make the pick-up for their clients waiting in high-end apartments and nightclubs elsewhere in the city, while buyers on foot discreetly scored their drugs, before moving on.

Medellin was the home of Pablo Escobar and drugs are widely traded on its streets
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Medellin was the home of Pablo Escobar and drugs are widely traded on its streets

‘Narco’ culture

It was chaotic and noisy, a place where lookouts use whistles to send signals to the dealers.

Two toots mean it’s all clear, a single toot is a warning – it means the police are nearby.

In the middle of this big open-air market for drugs, dimly lit restaurants and cafes served dinner. We passed one café where we saw a family sat at a table outside, celebrating a woman’s 70th birthday.

This neighbourhood runs a 24-hour drug selling market alongside the usual shops and cafes that spill over on to the pavement.

It is not illegal to grow coca, only to use it to produce cocaine
Image:
It is not illegal to grow coca, only to use it to produce cocaine

Although Colombia has a long history and fascination with “narco” culture and drug-taking, its immediate problem is that President Donald Trump has launched a war on Latin American drug cartels, manufacturers, and the nations the drugs come from – and through.

Venezuela is at the top of his hit list; he has launched strikes on boats off the Venezuelan coast that he says were carrying drugs. He has boosted American military presence in the Caribbean – sending ships, marines, helicopters, drones and jets into the region.

There is speculation he may be looking for regime change in Venezuela, and that the war on drugs is a front to remove President Nicolas Maduro from power, claiming the Venezuelan government is basically a drug cartel. Something they of course deny.

This coca plantation was hacked into the rainforest on the border of Colombia and Peru
Image:
This coca plantation was hacked into the rainforest on the border of Colombia and Peru

None of this bodes well for Venezuela’s neighbour Colombia, indeed President Trump has made it clear Colombia is high on his list of troublesome nations.

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There are other countries on his list, like Mexico, that he says has demonstrated willingness to clean up their act and take the war to Mexico’s deadly cartels.

Mr Trump’s gripe with Colombia isn’t necessarily that its society has a relaxed attitude to drug use – it is widespread across all classes – no, his problem is that Colombia is one of the biggest producers of cocaine in the world, and it feeds the biggest market, which is the United States of America.

Coca plantations are hidden miles away from other people in the Amazon
Image:
Coca plantations are hidden miles away from other people in the Amazon

Hidden away, miles from people

It seems that the president’s view is that the supplier is the problem, not necessarily the user.

Cocaine is extracted from the coca leaf, which is grown in abundance in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.

Growing the coca plant in these countries is not illegal, and the leaf itself is often used for other purposes. The plant only becomes illegal when it’s used for cocaine production.

I wanted to meet the farmers who grow coca to find out if they are the masterminds of a multi-billion-pound international drugs business, or just farmers meeting international demand.

My journey began just after dawn in pouring rain on the Amazon River in Colombia.

Perhaps unsurprisingly the plantations are hidden away in remote areas, miles away from people.

Stuart Ramsay in the rainforest
Image:
Stuart Ramsay in the rainforest

We travelled for hours in the rain, on a small boat with a guide, passing indigenous communities who have nothing to do with the business hiding in their forest.

The river narrowed as we got closer to our destination, and five hours later, after navigating through broken tree trunks and low hanging branches, we arrived at an eight hectare coca plantation hacked into the rainforest bordering Colombia and Peru.

The crop, which is two-and-a-half years old, is hidden by the trees and the river.

They are about to start harvesting it, but it’s incredible just how many leaves they need.

The farmer says that for every 70 grams of cocaine produced, the cartel producers need 30 kilograms of leaves.

Colombia is one of the biggest producers of cocaine
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Colombia is one of the biggest producers of cocaine

Only way to provide for his family

That’s a lot of picking – and the farmer will earn just $7 for those 30 kilograms of leaves.

The cocaine business might be incredibly lucrative for the cartels that control it, but at the very bottom the farmers hardly get paid a thing.

And though he is worried about getting caught, the farmer I meet sees it as the only way to provide for his family.

“For me it’s very valuable, it’s my sustenance, the way for sustaining life,” he told me.

“We are aware that illegal processing isn’t good for anybody, not exactly, you can’t say I am doing this, and this is good for people, no, this harms the entire community, everyone,” he explained when I asked him if he was at all conflicted about his crop.

“But we all make sacrifices, and we struggle to make our way in life.”

It’s hard to believe that the global business of manufacturing and shipping cocaine around the world all starts with these fairly innocuous looking coca leaves.

And whatever Donald Trump says, they will keep producing as long as users in America, Europe, and indeed the world, demand it.

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Balin Miller, renowned Alaskan climber, dies after falling at Yosemite National Park while livestreaming

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Balin Miller, renowned Alaskan climber, dies after falling at Yosemite National Park while livestreaming

An Alaskan climber fell to his death from Yosemite National Park’s El Capitan while livestreaming on TikTok.

Balin Miller, 23, died in a climbing accident on Wednesday, his mother Jeanine Girard-Moorman confirmed in a statement.

“He’s been climbing since he was a young boy,” she said. “His heart and soul was truly to just climb.

“He loved to climb and it was never about money and fame.”

While details of the incident are not clear, Balin’s brother Dylan Miller said that he was lead rope soloing – a way to climb alone while still protected by a rope – on a 2,400ft (730m) route named Sea of Dreams.

He had already finished the climb and was hauling up his last bit of gear when he likely rappelled off the end of his rope, the older brother said.

“He said he felt most alive when he was climbing,” Dylan added. “I’m his bigger brother but he was my mentor.”

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Balin Miller climbing the route Croc’s Nose at Crocodile Rock in Hyalite Canyon. Pic: Dylan Miller/AP
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Balin Miller climbing the route Croc’s Nose at Crocodile Rock in Hyalite Canyon. Pic: Dylan Miller/AP

Many posted tributes to the Alaskan climber on social media, saying they had watched him climb on a TikTok livestream and calling him “orange tent guy” because of his distinctive camp setup.

On Facebook, Michelle Derrick said Balin was livestreaming during the fatal incident, and he was attempting to retrieve his bags that were stuck on a rock when he fell.

Another climber, Tom Evans, also posted he was climbing at El Capitan at the time, and saw a man rappel off his lead line.

“He was a young man,” Mr Evans added, “highly regarded among the best climbers here.”

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Balin was an accomplished alpinist who gained international attention for claiming the first solo ascent of Mount McKinley’s Slovak Direct.

He posted photos of his ascent up the technically difficult route that took him 56 hours to complete on his Instagram in June.

It marks the third death at the national park in California this year: In June, an 18-year-old from Texas died in the park while free-soloing, or climbing without a rope, on a different formation.

In August, a 29-year-old woman died after being struck in the head by a large tree branch while hiking.

Balin’s death also came on the first day of the US government shutdown, which leaves national parks “generally” open but with limited operations and closed visitor centres.

The National Park Service said in a statement that they are investigating the incident and “park rangers and emergency personnel responded immediately”.

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