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Boys and girls of primary school age are becoming so ill from vaping they are ending up in hospital, a Sky News investigation can reveal.

Figures from NHS England show there were 15 cases where children aged nine or under needed to be admitted in the year to April, up from 12 last year and two the year before that.

Professor Andy Bush, a paediatric chest physician at the Royal Brompton Hospital in west London, says he’s “absolutely horrified” by the statistics.

“Young children are being exposed to substances of addiction, substances that are toxic and some of the toxicity is not known,” he said.

“It’s a jungle… we just do not know what is in most of these things.

“If a teenager starts smoking cigarettes, probably the worst that’s going to happen to them is they’re going to be sick and throw up behind the bike shed.

“The acute use of e-cigarettes can put them in hospital, can put them in intensive care, things like lung bleeding, lung collapse and air leak, the lungs filling up with fat.”

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For many smokers, vaping has been the key to quitting what is the biggest preventable cause of death.

Rosey Christoffersen
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Rosey Christoffersen died after both her lungs collapsed

But Rachel Howe is convinced it’s what killed her 18-year-old daughter, Rosey Christoffersen in February 2015, six months after she began vaping heavily.

“She was supposed to call me at 5.30pm but she didn’t call,” she said.

“I rang her phone and one of the ambulance crew answered and said we’re with your daughter, we’re working on her. She’d come out of work and collapsed.”

Rosey had suffered a heart attack, but what had caused it was the sudden collapse of both her lungs – a bilateral pneumothorax.

Her brain was starved of oxygen and two days later it was made clear she would not survive.

Rachel Howe
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Rachel Howe is convinced vaping killed her daughter

Rachel, from the Wirral, was told Rosey’s lungs were “just a mass of holes and blisters called blebs”.

“To be honest, there was just a lot of stunned silence at the hospital,” she said.

Rosey had been to the doctors a number of times with chest pain in the months before her death but as a fit and active footballer it was put down to a pulled muscle.

“I was finding bottles and bottles of the empty liquid,” said Rachel.

“She constantly had it in her mouth. And I kept saying to her, you know, you wouldn’t smoke that much… why are you vaping that much?”

No post-mortem was carried out, no official link was made, but Rachel says doctors told her vaping was “probably” to blame.

Professor Andy Bush
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Professor Andy Bush

Professor Bush goes further than that, adding he has never seen double lung collapse in a fit, young person.

“I think that mother is right,” he said.

“I cannot think of any other explanation that would cover the facts.”

It’s illegal to sell vapes to under-18s and the boxes are clearly labelled.

But it’s easy to see why certain products would appeal to children.

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They’re brightly coloured, flavoured like fruit or sweets, and at around £5 each for a disposable vape, cheap.

Some look like make-up, others like pens.

Rosey Christoffersen
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Rosey had been to the doctors a number of times with chest pain but as an active footballer it was put down to a pulled muscle

The government recently announced it would be clamping down on rogue firms unlawfully targeting teens with advertising on platforms like TikTok.

“Illicit vape enforcement squads” are also being set up at a cost of £3m to uncover the traders selling to young people.

In total, 40 young people aged up to 19 were admitted to hospital in the past year from vaping.

Read more:
Pupils from two schools in Hampshire left needing hospital treatment after vaping
Number of children trying vaping rises 50% in a year
Mint flavour makes vape liquid more toxic and damaging to lungs

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What are the dangers of vaping?

But John Dunne, from the UK Vaping Industry Association, says “the statistics would not exist if children were not getting their hands on vapes”.

“Every year according to the NHS some 76,000 people die from smoking, whereas there has not been one officially confirmed report of a death from vaping even though the category has been available in the UK for around the last 15 years,” he said.

“The fundamental issue that needs urgently addressing is the woeful level of enforcement of vaping age regulations across the UK.

“Whilst we see recent measures announced by the government as a step in the right direction to tackle youth vaping… much more needs to be done to support Trading Standards in their efforts to tackle rogue traders and cut off the source of supply of vapes to minors.”

He wants on-the-spot fines of £10,000 to be introduced for those caught selling to young people.

Rachel Howe and Rosey Christoffersen
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Rachel Howe and Rosey Christoffersen

Rosey was due to start a new job as a trainee hairdresser a couple of days after collapsing.

Instead that day she was being kept alive so her organs could be donated, helping eight other people.

Rachel wants more research to be done into the impact vaping has on young people.

She’s made it her mission to tell her daughter’s story to any young people she sees vaping, or who come into the shop she works in asking for them.

The impact on young lungs is only just emerging, but she knows there’s too much at stake to ignore the risks.

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Steven Hutton: Three men and one woman jailed over ‘frenzied’ Dundee murder

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Steven Hutton: Three men and one woman jailed over 'frenzied' Dundee murder

Three men and a woman have been jailed for at least 20 years for the brutal murder of a much-loved son.

Steven Hutton, 43, was hit with a hammer and stabbed in the heart during a late-night home invasion at his flat in Dundee in March 2024.

He was taken to the city’s Ninewells Hospital, but died the following day.

Brian Miller, 29, Scott Henderson, 40, Barry Murray, 45, and Carri Stewart, 44, were on Monday found guilty of murder following a trial at the High Court in Glasgow.

Brian Miller. Pic: Police Scotland
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Brian Miller. Pic: Police Scotland

Scott Henderson. Pic: Police Scotland
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Scott Henderson. Pic: Police Scotland

The killers were each handed a life sentence, and will spend at least two decades behind bars.

In her sentencing statement, Judge Lady Haldane said the evidence provided a “compelling picture of a plan to inflict serious violence upon Mr Hutton in his own home”.

Barry Murray. Pic: Police Scotland
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Barry Murray. Pic: Police Scotland

Carri Stewart. Pic: Police Scotland
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Carri Stewart. Pic: Police Scotland

The judge described it as a “frenzied assault”, which in part was sparked due to a “missing packet of Pregabalin medication”.

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‘Callous’ behaviour

Lady Haldane stated: “Steven Hutton lost his life in these horrific circumstances, compounded by the fact that not one of you sought to seek assistance for him as he lay dying until you were all well clear of the property.

“That is behaviour that can only be described as callous.”

Read more from Sky News:
Public inquiry to probe how killer evaded justice for 19 years
‘Stakeknife’ spy inside IRA should be named, says report

The judge paid tribute to Mr Hutton’s family and friends.

She added: “Those close to Mr Hutton, in particular his mother, have attended faithfully every day of this trial, and their quiet dignity throughout what must have been at times harrowing and distressing evidence stands in stark contrast to your behaviour.

“Mrs Hutton has in addition provided a detailed and moving account of her relationship with Mr Hutton, her only son, and the impact his loss has had upon her.

“I thank her for taking the time to prepare this thoughtful document, and I have taken all that she has said into account.”

Detective Inspector Richard Baird said the killers “now face the consequences of their actions”.

He added: “This was an unprovoked attack that cost Steven Hutton his life. We hope this conviction brings some form of comfort to Steven’s family.”

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‘Stakeknife’ spy inside IRA committed ‘worst possible’ crimes and should be named, says report

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'Stakeknife' spy inside IRA committed 'worst possible' crimes and should be named, says report

A new report into the activities of the top British spy inside the IRA during The Troubles has said that he “committed crimes of the worst possible kind”, including torture and murder, and should be publicly named by the UK government. 

It’s widely accepted that the late republican Freddie Scappaticci was the agent, codenamed “Stakeknife”.

He headed the IRA‘s so-called “nutting squad”, a notorious internal security unit tasked with hunting and executing informants, but was himself operating as a mole for British intelligence.

The final report of a seven-year investigation named Operation Kenova has found that “there is a compelling ethical case” to reveal the agent’s identity.

Operation Kenova live: ‘Stakeknife’ spy inside IRA committed ‘worst possible’ crimes

Head of Kenova Sir Iain Livingstone said that “it is in the public interest that Stakeknife is named”. He urged the government to depart from its “neither confirm nor deny” (NCND) policy on the grounds of public interest.

It’s understood that the government believes Stakeknife cannot be officially named at this time due to some outstanding legal issues. Sky News has approached No 10 Downing Street for comment.

Freddie Scappaticci died two years ago denying that he was the agent, but all sides in Northern Ireland accept his denial was false.

Freddie Scappaticci. File pic: PA
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Freddie Scappaticci. File pic: PA

The report also found a “significant failure” by MI5 in its late provision of materials to the investigation. “The further material revealed MI5 had earlier and greater knowledge of the agent than previously stated,” the report says.

Sir Ian Livingstone added that “further investigative opportunities were undoubtedly lost”, and that the confidence of the communities in Northern Ireland was undermined. Sky News has approached the security agency for comment.

Stakeknife produced a “vast” amount of intelligence. 3,517 reports from the agent were discovered, including 377 from one 18-month period. But the report found the intelligence was not shared with those who could have used it to save lives.

Read more:
Bloody Sunday shootings ‘unjustified and gratuitous’
Government will ‘look at every conceivable way’ to stop Gerry Adams payout

Analysis: Report exposes failure upon failure, decade after decade

He was the most notorious spy of the Troubles. A vicious spy-catcher who was a traitor himself.

Today’s final report into the activities of “Stakeknife” will continue to gall the victims of the IRA’s brutal internal system of “justice”.

We were familiar with many of its findings from last year’s interim report.

We knew Stakeknife’s record in saving lives – the necessary evil school of thought – was greatly exaggerated, and he actually cost more lives than he saved.

We knew his British security forces handlers failed to use intelligence to save lives, in order to protect their “golden egg” from exposure.

We didn’t know their special unit was called “the rat hole”, or that the agent’s betrayal was effectively carried out for financial reward… details that make the whole episode seem even more sordid.

Relatives of those he helped to murder will be disgusted at revelations that his handlers twice took him on holiday out of Northern Ireland – even flying him on military aircraft – at a time when the police were hunting him for murder.

Even now, after an exhaustive inquiry into his activities, Operation Kenova finds that MI5 are responsible for “a significant failure” in the late discovery of important material – costing the team investigative opportunities.

Failure upon failure, decade after decade.

The time for official silence over the spy’s identity must be over.

The dogs on the street in West Belfast know it was Freddie Scappaticci.

Kenova wants the prime minister to authorise his official naming. With no prosecutions in the offing, and Scappaticci in his grave, it may at least bring some succour to the victims’ families today.

Their loved ones were deemed traitors at the height of a dirty war. Tortured, shot in the head, and dumped.

Funerals were low-key, stigma-bound affairs, often taking place early in the morning, with few attendees. Shame hung over these republican families for years.

The man responsible fled Northern Ireland and died in hiding.

Today’s report contains few shocks, but similarly little comfort for the victims of the nutting squad.

Last year, Operation Kenova’s interim report found the security forces were frequently aware of imminent abductions and murders but failed to protect those at risk.

Today’s report found his army handlers even took Stakeknife out of Northern Ireland for two holidays, at a time when he was sought by police for murder and kidnapping. He was flown on military aircraft and given military ID.

As a result, preventable deaths occurred with the security forces’ knowledge and those responsible were not brought to justice and were instead left free to reoffend.

 Investigation lead Sir Iain Livingstone and Northern Irish police chief Jon Boutcher speak at a conference following the report
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Investigation lead Sir Iain Livingstone and Northern Irish police chief Jon Boutcher speak at a conference following the report

‘Wholly unjustified criminality’

The 2024 report also concluded that Stakeknife was involved in “very serious and wholly unjustifiable criminality”, including murder, and claims his intelligence saved “countless” or “hundreds” of lives were exaggerated. It found that the number of lives saved by his spying ranged from the high single figures to low double figures.

This contradicted claims that Scappaticci had saved hundreds of lives during the years he was active, with a former defence chief describing him as “the goose that laid the golden eggs”. The interim report found that claim to be “inherently implausible” and “a comparison rooted in fables and fairy tales”.

The 2024 report also called on the UK government to apologise to bereaved families, given that many murders were avoidable.

‘Each evil act being the epitome of cowardice’

There was also a call for an apology from republican leaders for “the most shameful and evil” actions of the Provisional IRA (PIRA). “It was PIRA that committed the brutal acts of torture and murder, each evil act being the epitome of cowardice,” the report stated.

No prosecutions connected with Stakeknife will take place, prosecutors in Northern Ireland have already decided.

Families of IRA victims associated with Stakeknife will give their response to the Kenova report in a news conference later today.

They want Scappaticci to be officially named, and many are seeking an apology from the British government.

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Emma Caldwell: Public inquiry formally under way which will probe how killer Iain Packer evaded justice for almost 20 years

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Emma Caldwell: Public inquiry formally under way which will probe how killer Iain Packer evaded justice for almost 20 years

A public inquiry into the murder of a woman is now formally under way and will examine what went wrong in the police investigation that allowed a serial rapist to evade justice for almost 20 years.

Iain Packer murdered Emma Caldwell, 27, in 2005.

In February 2024, he was ordered to serve a minimum of 36 years behind bars after being convicted of a string of violent offences.

Alongside double-murderer Andrew Innes, it is the second longest sentence ever handed down by a Scottish court, behind the 37-year minimum jail term given to World’s End killer Angus Sinclair in 2014.

Iain Packer. Pic: Police Scotland
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Iain Packer. Pic: Police Scotland

Packer was found guilty of 33 offences following a trial at the High Court in Glasgow, including Ms Caldwell’s murder, 11 rapes and multiple sexual assaults against other women.

Following the killer’s conviction, Sky News heard testimony from several former sex workers who raised concerns to police about his dangerous sexual behaviour years before Ms Caldwell was murdered.

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Police interviewing Packer following his arrest over Ms Caldwell’s murder

The Scottish government last year ordered a judge-led public inquiry into the police handling of the case, which will be chaired by Lord Scott.

In an update on Tuesday, Justice Secretary Angela Constance announced it has now been formally set up and work is under way.

The inquiry will examine the investigative strategy and decision-making by what was then Strathclyde Police, including the direction given by the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (COPFS).

It will probe what steps could reasonably have been taken that might have resulted in Packer being apprehended and prosecuted at an earlier stage, and any other factors relevant to the circumstances of the investigation and related prosecution.

The inquiry will also examine if any failings in training, procedures, operating models or systems of working contributed to any failures in the police and COPFS case.

The subsequent findings and any recommendations will be reported to Scottish ministers.

Justice Secretary Angela Constance. Pic: PA
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Justice Secretary Angela Constance. Pic: PA

Ms Constance said: “My thoughts continue to be with Emma Caldwell’s mother Margaret and her family, who have suffered unimaginable heartbreak.

“The public inquiry will look at what went wrong in the investigation of Emma’s murder and I hope it will provide the answers that the family need and deserve.

“I consulted with the chair, Lord Scott, on the terms of reference for the inquiry and also met the Caldwell family and other parties to discuss the inquiry’s remit.

“While these terms do not feature all of the issues raised with me during discussions, I am satisfied that they are both well focused and sufficiently flexible and broad enough to allow the chair to examine wider issues he may consider relevant to a robust, efficient and effective inquiry.”

Ms Caldwell. Pic: Family handout
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Ms Caldwell. Pic: Family handout

Ms Caldwell vanished in April 2005 just days after telling her mother about her hopes to defeat a heroin addiction, which began after her sister’s death.

She went missing in Glasgow while working as a sex worker. Her body was discovered the following month in Limefield Woods, South Lanarkshire.

During Packer's trial, jurors were taken to the forest where Ms Caldwell's body was dumped. Pic: Sky News
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During Packer’s trial, jurors were taken to the forest where Ms Caldwell’s body was dumped. Pic: Sky News

Investigating officers interviewed Packer that June but he was not convicted until almost two decades later after cold case detectives re-examined the case in 2015.

Police Scotland apologised to Ms Caldwell’s family and Packer’s other victims for how the original inquiry was handled by Strathclyde Police, saying they were “let down”.

Margaret Caldwell, Ms Caldwell's mother. Pic: PA
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Margaret Caldwell, Ms Caldwell’s mother. Pic: PA

Margaret Caldwell, Ms Caldwell’s mother, has never given up on her pursuit of the truth.

Solicitor Aamer Anwar, the family’s lawyer, said: “The reference to Strathclyde Police in the terms of reference may be interpreted by some to mean that the inquiry can only deal with the police force up until, but not beyond when it became Police Scotland.

“Strathclyde Police ceased on 1 April 2013 when it merged into a single national service, as Police Scotland.

“If this inquiry is to pursue the truth, then it must look not only at Strathclyde Police, but what happened when Police Scotland took over responsibility.”

Solicitor Aamer Anwar (centre) alongside Ms Caldwell's family earlier this year. Pic: PA
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Solicitor Aamer Anwar (centre) alongside Ms Caldwell’s family earlier this year. Pic: PA

Mr Anwar said Packer’s survivors “deserve their place at the heart of this inquiry”.

He added: “A toxic culture of misogyny and corruption meant the police failed so many women and girls who came forward to speak up against Packer.

“Instead of receiving justice and compassion, they were humiliated, dismissed and in some instances arrested, whilst the police gifted freedom to an evil predator to rape and rape again.”

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