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The landmark Namsan Seoul Tower.

Jung Yeon-je | Afp | Getty Images

South Korea’s dominance in the memory chip market and a robust artificial intelligence ecosystem gives it an advantage in the global AI chip race, said industry observers.

“South Korea is very strong in memory chips. AI does require a lot of memory. South Korea dominating in the memory market is definitely an advantage,” said James Lim, senior research analyst at Dalton Investments.

South Korea is aiming to become one of the world’s top three AI powerhouses by 2027, following closely behind the U.S. and China, according to the nation’s “digital strategy.”

The country’s minister for science and information and communications technology, Jong-ho Lee, told CNBC the country “aims to maintain its leading position in the memory semiconductor field.”

“South Korea seeks to emerge as a prominent player in rapidly growing and promising areas such as AI semiconductors,” said Lee.

Large language models such as ChatGPT — which caused global AI adoption to explode in recent months — are increasingly in need of high-performance memory chips. Such chips enable generative AI models to remember details from past conversations and user preferences in order to generate humanlike responses.

Our A.I. chip is optimized exclusively for A.I. computation, says South Korean startup

Generative AI is a type of artificial intelligence that can generate content such as text, images, code and more.

“In order for the use of AI, including ultra-large language models, a significant number of semiconductor chips are required to operate, and global companies are competing fiercely to create high-performance and low-power AI semiconductors optimized for AI computation,” Lee said.

Chip giants Samsung, SK Hynix

South Korean firms Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are two of the world’s largest dynamic random-access memory chipmakers and have been actively investing in AI research and development to bolster their capabilities.

Samsung in March said that it plans to invest 300 trillion Korean won ($228 billion) in a new semiconductor facility in South Korea.

Samsung is “spending and spending and spending,” Dylan Patel of research and consulting firm SemiAnalysis told CNBC last month. “And why is that? So they can catch up on technology, so they can continue to maintain their leadership position.”

We will spare no effort to help Korea secure world-class AI semiconductor technology by leveraging our memory semiconductor capabilities to advance AI semiconductors…

Jong-ho Lee

Minister for Science and ICT

Data from research firm TrendForce showed that Samsung held a market share of 40.7% and SK Hynix held 28.8% in the same period in the fourth quarter of 2022, followed by Micron in third place at 26.4%. Memory chips are also used in computers, smartphones and tablets as storage devices.

“South Korea has a robust local AI ecosystem, capable of competing with global tech giants,” said Sung Nako, executive for large scale AI development at South Korean internet giant Naver.

ChatGPT maker OpenAI’s CEO Sam Altman had urged South Korea to lead AI chip production during his meeting with South Korean President Yoon Suk-yeol in June. Altman also expressed interest in investing in South Korean startups and partnering with major chipmakers like Samsung Electronics.

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“U.S. chip giants Nvidia, Intel — they are not involved in the memory business. They don’t have any exposure in the memory space,” said Dalton’s Lim, adding that this would give South Korea an advantage.

Samsung is the supplier of high bandwidth memory chips to Nvidia, which fit into the U.S. chipmaker’s latest A100 graphics processing units that train ChatGPT.

Geoffrey Cain, author of the 2020 book “Samsung Rising,” told CNBC last month that he sees Samsung “diving deeper into the logic chip segment. So, [that’s] the AI chips, the future applications for semiconductor technology.”

An ‘upper hand’

The South Korean government is investing heavily in AI.

In 2022, the MSIT said it will be deploying 1.02 trillion won ($786 million) of funding for AI semiconductor research and development over the next five years.

“AI not only drives the growth of digital industries such as cloud computing and metaverse but also serves as a key factor in dramatically improving productivity in traditional industries such as manufacturing and logistics,” Lee told CNBC.

“With AI being applied across various domains, even greater economic ripple effects can now be anticipated,” he said.

South Korea will also allocate 826.2 billion won through 2030 to build high-end chips through new data centers and working with startups.

In a press release last month, the minister said that “the economic and industrial value of AI semiconductor will continue to improve and Korea has the upper hand in the memory chip [sector] and foundry.”

“We will spare no effort to help Korea secure world-class AI semiconductor technology by leveraging our memory semiconductor capabilities to advance AI semiconductors in stages by 2030, developing additional to apply them to data centers, and fostering AI semiconductor experts,” he said in the release.

Investors are showing a 'high interest' in backing A.I. startups in South Korea, VC firm says

In a bid to challenge to U.S. chip giants, South Korean AI chip design startup Rebellions claimed its new chip surpassed performance standards, outperforming Nvidia’s equivalent GPUs by more than three times.

“In terms of AI workload, we have much better energy efficiency, cost efficiency … sometimes better performance,” Rebellions co-founder and CEO Park Sung-hyun told CNBC in May.

Rebellions is reportedly racing to win government contracts as Seoul aims to bolster its local companies.

“I see a lot of — thanks to OpenAI’s ChatGPT — founders starting companies in the region, and also a lot of investors, with the support from the government, showing a high interest in backing these startups,” said JP Lee, CEO and managing partner at SoftBank Ventures Asia, on CNBC’s “Street Signs Asia.”

— CNBC’s Katie Tarasov contributed to this report.

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SpaceX crane collapse in Texas being investigated by OSHA

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SpaceX crane collapse in Texas being investigated by OSHA

The SpaceX Starbase industrial complex and rocket launch facility in Boca Chica, Texas, US, on Thursday, April 17, 2025.

Mark Felix | Bloomberg | Getty Images

A SpaceX crane collapse at the company’s Starbase, Texas facility on Tuesday has prompted an investigation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the federal agency told CNBC in an email.

The crane collapse was captured in a livestream by Lab Padre on YouTube, a SpaceX-focused channel. Clips from Lab Padre were widely shared on social media, including on X, which is owned by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk.

It wasn’t immediately clear whether any SpaceX workers were injured as a result of the incident. Musk and other company executives didn’t respond to a request for comment.

A spokesperson for OSHA told CNBC that more details will be available after the investigation is complete.

SpaceX has a history of workplace injuries that exceed industry average, Reuters previously reported. In 2014, one of the company’s employees, Simon LeBlanc, died on the job due to what OSHA concluded was a failure by the company to protect him from a clear hazard.

Earlier this year, the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), a Musk-led effort by the Trump administration to slash the size of the federal government, cut OSHA’s resources and shuttered at least 11 of its field offices. Through DOGE, Musk sought to reduce federal agency budgets, personnel and even certain regulations, limiting their ability to investigate and enforce existing laws.

The SpaceX crane collapse followed a string of explosions and other setbacks for the company’s Starship Super Heavy launch vehicle, the largest rocket ever flown, which is key to Musk’s ambition to transport equipment and people to Mars.

Environmental activists in the U.S. and Mexico say those explosions have harmed sensitive habitat, wildlife and marine life. SpaceX said, in posts online, that its activity had not harmed the surrounding area during the most recent explosion on June 18.

Starship was previously expected to play an important part in NASA’s effort to return to the moon. SpaceX had earned more than $20 billion in federal government contracts mostly from the Department of Defense and NASA.

Meanwhile, NASA’s proposed lean budget for the next year has not yet been authorized by Congress and could impact the agency’s business with SpaceX, and shift the focus of its missions.

Musk, who was President Donald Trump’s biggest financial backer, sought to appoint his friend Jared Issacman, a commercial astronaut, to lead NASA under the second Trump administration. Trump withdrew his nomination of Isaacman as the president bickered with Musk in the waning days of the billionaire’s formal involvement with the White House.

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What’s driving Wall Street stablecoin interest? Trillions up for grabs in the future and banks getting ready for it

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What's driving Wall Street stablecoin interest? Trillions up for grabs in the future and banks getting ready for it

After a brief pullback this week, shares of stablecoin issuer and recent IPO darling Circle were in rally mode again, soaring double-digits on a percentage basis during trading on Thursday and ending the day up close to 8%, after having moved up by more than 600% percent since its debut on the New York Stock Exchange earlier this month.  

Bitcoin and ether have led a recent crypto rise, as digital assets joined the resumption of the risk-on rally, with additional factors such as the potential for lower interest rates later this year, some more moderate talk from the White House on tariffs, and at least temporary easing of tensions in the Middle East.

But when it comes to Circle and the stablecoin boom, there’s a more fundamental driver as Wall Street interest in the technology continues to evolve, and more ties are built between the old rails of the financial world and the new digital assets infrastructure.

Fiserv debuted a stablecoin earlier this week. Mastercard then linked that stablecoin to its network.

Credit cards are a good place to understand the opportunity, according to Zach Abrams, Bridge co-founder and CEO, who told CNBC’s MacKenzie Sigalos that the market is estimated to grow into the trillions and could be the biggest global money-moving shift since the introduction of credit cards.

Some of the top private companies are already making major use of stablecoins today. Abrams cited the example of ScaleAI, into which Meta just invested over $14 billion, and which uses Bridge to pay data labelers all over the world. SpaceX also uses Bridge to convert payments made for its Starlink internet services in local currencies and bring the money back to the U.S.

“We think that stablecoins are an entirely new money-movement platform, like credit cards were decades ago,” Abrams said in an interview for Thursday’s “Crypto World.”

“[Credit cards] created trillions in value and I think stablecoins will be the same,” he said. “We think it’s going to be a very big change that will play out over many years,” he added.

Bridge was recently acquired by private fintech giant Stripe for $1.1 billion.

Abrams said as regulatory clarity increases, more traditional financial players will want to get in on the opportunity. Stablecoins, less than a decade old, are today a $400 billion market, and Abrams says that if, as most banks think, the market “will get to a few trillion” it is a market where peeling off some of that share has to be a focus.

Today, it is served almost entirely by Tether and Circle, he said. Ultimately, there is a role not just for big financial firms like JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America, but Fiserv and local banks. In fact, the move up to trillions in stablecoin market value won’t happen, Abrams said, without “a huge percentage” being handled by traditional financial institutions.

Wall street’s embrace of tokenization keeps growing in other ways as well. New York-based investment startup Republic announced this week it will allow users to buy tokens that represent private companies like SpaceX, OpenAI and Anthropic. Republic will offer these tokens for a minimum of $50, lower than the roughly $10,000 typically required for investing in private companies. 

You can watch the full interview with Abrams above in Thursday’s “Crypto World.”

In other crypto news of note on Thursday:

Ripple and the SEC can’t put their legal battle behind them, yet.

A federal judge rejected the joint motion by the crypto firm and the regulator to endorse Ripple’s reduced $50 million fine to settle the civil lawsuit over the alleged sale of unregistered securities, saying they lacked the authority to make the deal. Ripple-linked cryptocurrency XRP was down over 2% on Thursday. Ripple’s chief legal officer Stu Alderoty laid out the company’s options in an X post.

Also, more from “Crypto World” on the news that first broke yesterday that the Trump administration is working to let home buyers include their crypto in federal mortgage applications.

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Tesla head of manufacturing Omead Afshar fired by Elon Musk

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Tesla head of manufacturing Omead Afshar fired by Elon Musk

Elon Musk, chief executive officer of Tesla Inc., center left, Ying Yong, mayor of Shanghai, center right, and Omead Afshar, left, leave an event at the site of the company’s manufacturing facility in Shanghai, China, on Monday, Jan. 7, 2019.

Qilai Shen | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Tesla CEO Elon Musk has fired Omead Afshar, the automaker’s vice president of manufacturing and operations, CNBC has confirmed, following declines in car sales in key markets this year.

Afshar, who reported directly to Musk, led a team of more than a half-dozen high level employees, according to internal organizational charts viewed by CNBC.

Forbes first reported that Afshar was dismissed by Musk. Bloomberg reported earlier that Afshar had left the company.

Executives on Afshar’s team included Troy Jones, who is Tesla’s vice president of North American sales, and Joe Ward, vice president of the Europe, Middle East and Africa region. Also on his team was Karen Steakley, who now leads business development and policy for Tesla, and previously held the role of deputy director for legislative affairs for Texas Republican Governor Greg Abbott.

CNBC reached out to Afshar and to other Tesla executives as well as board members. They didn’t immediately respond to requests for comment.

Afshar was the subject of an internal investigation at Tesla in 2022, Bloomberg reported, which had focused on his orders of hard-to-get construction materials, including a special kind of glass for a secretive project for Musk.

Following that probe, Afshar also worked for SpaceX, Musk’s aerospace and defense contractor, but had returned to Tesla and was promoted to the vice president role.

Afshar’s termination follows the resignation of Milan Kovac, previously head of Tesla’s Optimus humanoid robotics program, earlier this month. Kovac said in a post on X that he was leaving in order to spend more time with his family. Musk has thanked Kovac publicly for his work.

Tesla’s stock price is down 19% this year, badly underperforming the Nasdaq and most of its megacap tech peers.

Tesla new car sales in Europe fell for a fifth straight month in May, according to data published on Wednesday from the European Automobile Manufacturers Association, or ACEA, as customers pivot to cheaper Chinese electric vehicles.

The company has faced brand and reputational damage in the past year, largely due to Musk‘s incendiary rhetoric and political activity. Musk spent nearly $300 million to help elect U.S. President Donald Trump to a second term and then led an initiative to slash federal agencies and their resources.

Musk also formally endorsed and promoted Germany’s far-right, anti-immigrant AfD party.

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