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A rendering of a hydrogen energy storage gas tank for clean electricity solar and wind turbine facility.3d rendering

Vanit Janthra | Istock | Getty Images

One of the most generous tax credits in Biden’s landmark climate bill, the Inflation Reduction Act, is the production tax credit for making hydrogen, which is worth as much as $100 billion.

When hydrogen is used in a fuel cell to generate electricity, water is the only by-product. Generating energy from hydrogen this way does not create carbon dioxide, one of the primary greenhouse gases that causes global warming. Also, hydrogen is a vehicle for storing energy over long periods of time.

Hydrogen is already produced at scale for use in making fertilizer and in the petrochemical industry. But more recently, hydrogen is being seen as a way to decarbonize industries like maritime shipping, long-haul trucking, steel-making, industrial heating, and aerospace. Also, its capacity as an effective way of storing energy makes it attractive for renewable energy sources, like wind and solar, which are inherently intermittent — wind turbines make energy when the wind blows, and solar panels make energy when the sun shines.

However, the only way hydrogen can be a viable solution for reducing carbon emissions is if it can be produced without releasing greenhouse gas emissions. By and large, that’s not the case today.

The proposed tax credit, 45V, is meant to turbocharge the production of low-emissions hydrogen. It’s now up to the Treasury to figure out how to implement it — and that’s the tricky part. The debate centers around how best to write rules that make sure that the hydrogen produced is actually clean so that it can be used as a climate-mitigation tool.

“The IRA’s section 45V production tax credit is the most generous clean hydrogen subsidy in the world,” Jesse Jenkins, professor of macro-scale energy systems at Princeton University, told CNBC.

“But without proper implementation, 45V could backfire, wasting a tremendous opportunity for the United States to become a global leader in new clean industries and causing a significant increase in domestic emissions that imperil U.S. climate goals.”

An Hydrogen prototype GenH2 truck of the Daimler Truck Holding AG arrives at his destination in Berlin, on September 26, 2023, after completing 1047kms with one liquid hydrogen full tank.

John Macdougall | Afp | Getty Images

The adjudication of the hydrogen tax credit has become about more than just the hydrogen tax credit, too. It could also set important precedents for how the government decides electricity used from the grid is really “clean.”

“The hydrogen debate is at its surface level about defining clean hydrogen production, but more fundamentally it’s about what an individual actor needs to do to credibly claim that their electricity consumption is clean,” Wilson Ricks, who works in Jenkins’ Zero-carbon Energy systems Research and Optimization research lab at Princeton, told CNBC.

“Hydrogen is the first time the US government has been forced to directly address the question of verifying clean electricity inputs, so whatever framework it endorses here could set a very strong example for other emissions accounting systems going forward,” Ricks said.

There’s a lot of money on the line and while the details of the debate get a bit wonky, the debate itself represents a larger and more ideological fault line about how the United States should built its clean economy: One side says we should focus on emissions reductions from the outset, while the other says the foundation should be built and scaled quickly and perfected later.

“We have now entered a new phase in the clean energy transition, whereby new solutions and operational paradigms are necessary to accommodate an increasingly renewable grid and catalyze decarbonization. The clean hydrogen tax credits are a major opportunity, and juncture, to start shaping that new phase in the right way,” Rachel Fakhry, the policy director for emerging technologies at the Natural Resources Defense Council, told CNBC.

How clean is ‘clean,’ and how is that decided?

Hydrogen is the simplest element and the most abundant substance in the universe, but hydrogen atoms do not exist on their own on Earth. Hydrogen atoms are generally stuck to other atoms — like for example in water, H2O — and so creating sources of pure hydrogen on Earth requires energy to break those molecular bonds.

In the energy business, people refer to hydrogen by an array of colors to as shorthand for how it was produced. The different methods produce varying amounts of CO2.

The amount of the hydrogen tax credit, which is available for 10 years, depends on the emissions generated in making hydrogen. If hydrogen is produced without releasing any carbon emissions, the tax credit is maxed out at $3 per kilogram of hydrogen. The tax credit scales down proportionally based on the quantity of emissions released.

One way of making hydrogen is with a process called electrolysis, when electricity is passed through a substance to force a chemical change — in this case, splitting H2O into hydrogen and oxygen. To make hydrogen with electrolysis, hydrogen producers may use electricity from the larger energy grid. The electricity on the grid comes from many sources, some clean, like a solar farm, and some dirty, like from a coal-fired plant. On the electric grid, all that electricity gets mixed together.

So the debate over the 45V tax credit has become acutely focused on accounting for how the electricity hydrogen producers use from the grid is accounted for. If the energy used to make hydrogen is not actually clean, then hydrogen is not really a climate solution.

Some hydrogen industry stakeholders want the Treasury to implement strict electricity accounting standards to maximize the likelihood that the tax credits only go to hydrogen that is produced with the least possible amount of emissions.

Others want the Treasury to implement very flexible standards so the hydrogen industry can grow as fast as possible as quickly as possible, then focus on emissions reduction once it’s scaled.

Energy used from the grid to power electrolysis to make clean, “green hydrogen” must meet three accounting standards in order to ensure that it is actually produced in a clean way, according to Jenkins from Princeton. These standards have become known as the “three pillars:”

  • Additionality. The electricity has to come from newly-built sources of clean electricity, meaning it is additional clean energy being added to the grid for the purpose of making hydrogen.
  • Regional deliverability. The clean electricity added to the grid has to be able to physically travel from the additional clean energy source to the electrolysis facility, meaning it is regionally deliverable electricity.
  • Hourly matching. The additional and deliverable clean electricity that powers electrolyzers has to be accounted for on an hourly basis. If the electricity is accounted for on an annual basis, then electrolyzers used to generate hydrogen could be running when additional clean energy is not regionally available — when the wind isn’t blowing and the sun isn’t shining, for example. That means those electrolyzers could be powered by fossil fuels.

“We call these requirements ‘pillars’ because all three are structurally critical: remove any one and the whole ‘clean’ hydrogen house comes tumbling down,” Jenkins told CNBC.

Peer-reviewed modeling work by our group and follow-up studies by other academics have shown that simply plugging electrolyzers into the grid would produce hydrogen with embodied emissions twice as bad as ‘grey’ hydrogen produced from fossil methane. In fact, even an electrolyzer getting just 2% of its electricity from natural gas plants or less than 1% from coal would violate the strict statutory emissions requirements to claim the $3 per kilogram subsidy,” Jenkins said.

Taking sides

Some companies in the hydrogen industry, including electrolyzer producer Electric Hydrogen, clean energy company Intersect Power, industrial heat and power company Rondo, and grid carbon data provider Singularity have publicly pleaded for the Treasury to adopt these “three pillars” of strict electricity accounting for the 45V hydrogen tax credit.

Digital generated image of wind turbines, solar panels and Hydrogen containers standing on landscape against blue sky.

Andriy Onufriyenko | Moment | Getty Images

Air Products, an 80-year old company that sells gases and chemicals for industrial uses, also supports the three pillars of additionality, regional deliverability and hourly matching for the 45V tax credits. Air Products operates in about 50 countries around the globe, has over 200,000 customers, over 110 production facilities around the globe for hydrogen, and already has over 700 miles of dedicated hydrogen pipelines.

“We’ve been producing, distributing, dispensing hydrogen for over 60 years,” Eric Guter, a vice president of hydrogen production at Air Products, told CNBC in a video interview at the end of August.

“If we don’t deliver on the emissions reduction, we will lose the confidence of society in hydrogen and the energy transition. And as a long-term provider of hydrogen, it’s important to us that we get it right and preserve the integrity of the energy transition and the hydrogen industry.”

Josef Kallo, founder and chief executive officer of H2FLY, beside the HY4 liquid hydrogen powered electric aircraft at Maribor airport in Slovenia, on Thursday, Sept. 7, 2023. The aircraft, developed by H2FLY and partners, uses liquid hydrogen to power a hydrogen-electric fuel cell system.

Bloomberg | Bloomberg | Getty Images

Air Products already has two projects under construction that will be compliant with the three-pillars approach. Air Products is part owner of the NEOM Green Hydrogen Company, which is currently building a plant at Oxagon, Saudi Arabia, and which will be three pillars complaint. It’s also part owner of a mega-scale renewable-power-to-hydrogen project in Wilbarger County, Texas.

The European Union will need to import hydrogen, and has already decided to institute the “three pillars” in its hydrogen accounting, Guter told CNBC. So Air Products wants hydrogen produced in the United States to meet international standards.

“Otherwise our products won’t qualify or they will be taxed at the EU border for imports,” Guter said. “We’re talking about a global liftoff, not just U.S. liftoff, of the hydrogen market.”

On the other side of the debate, utility company and energy giant NextEra wants the Treasury to accept annual — as opposed to hourly — matching RECs as sufficiently specific.

“Starting with annual matching would boost green hydrogen investment and lead to greater overall decarbonization potential, allowing the industry to develop the first wave of hydrogen projects and build industry knowledge. If an hourly matching is enacted too early, it will limit U.S. green hydrogen investment, production and the country’s ability to lower emissions, and stifle innovation,” Phil Musser, vice president of federal government affairs at NextEra Energy, told CNBC in a written statement from.   

So, too, does the Clean Hydrogen Future Coalition, which is a trade group representing a diversity of stakeholders from BP to Duke Energy, Exxon Mobile, General Electric, Siemens Energy, American Clean Power, Shell and more. The Clean Hydrogen Future Coalition also says that no additionality should be required for companies looking to produce clean hydrogen, meaning companies do not have to be responsible for putting “additional” clean energy on the grid to get access to the tax credit.

“We’re not suggesting that we should do this indefinitely,” Shannon Angielski, president of the Clean Hydrogen Future Coalition, told CNBC in a video interview at the end of August. “Rather, let the industry start to make investments in that full ecosystem, send signals throughout that supply chain to make investments, and enable an industry to get seeded with the tax credits, and then over time, become more restrictive.”

The Clean Hydrogen Future Coalition proposes becoming more restrictive in those electricity accounting standards starting in 2030. The electricity accounting systems for monitoring electricity usage on a more granular level is not robust and standardized enough on a federal level, Angielski said, for hourly matching electricity accounting to be required.

But technology does exist to allow hourly matching, Wenbo Shi, the CEO of Singularity, told CNBC. His company makes that technology.

“Hourly and even sub-hourly clean energy matching is not only technologically feasible, but it is already being implemented and used by many. The barrier to adoption is not technology, but policy,” Shi told CNBC.

There are also barriers to getting additional sources of clean energy on the electric grid, Angielski told CNBC. For example, interconnection queues, which are the lines power generators have to wait on to apply to get new sources of clean energy connected to the grid, are years long and make the additionality requirement a barrier for the hydrogen industry.

“What we don’t want to do is wait to be able to actually start investing in low-carbon hydrogen,” Angielski said.

But Ricks doesn’t think there needs to be such a rush.

“The ‘order of operations’ for the energy transition has always been a subject of debate in the policy world: should we use our resources to push rapid near-term decarbonization, or instead support scale-up of nascent technologies that we think we’ll need in the future? Supporters of lax rules for hydrogen subsidies have sought to frame the debate in this way, but in this case it is a false choice,” Ricks told CNBC. “The hydrogen subsidies are large enough to support scale-up even with strict rules, and the absence of these rules would likely drive significant excess emissions for decades — hardly a near-term impact.”

Fakhry from the NRDC says it’s very possible that the IRA is going to incentivize more hydrogen than needed for the clean energy transition, especially depending on how the Treasury dictates the rules.

“It’s really hard to say if there will be excess or not. What we can say for sure is if the rules are very, very lax and hydrogen production can happen anywhere without any guardrails, then yes, we will have a lot of hydrogen production that will go to fairly bad end uses,” Fakhry told CNBC.

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Tesla deploys its first Superchargers owned by 3rd-party in the US

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Tesla deploys its first Superchargers owned by 3rd-party in the US

Tesla has officially deployed its first Supercharger station owned by a third party in the US, a step in the automaker’s effort to accelerate the charging infrastructure growth while reducing capital expenditure.

The new station, located at a Suncoast Charging in Land O’Lakes, Florida, consists of 8 stalls and is now open to the public.

While Tesla has previously sold Supercharger hardware to other networks – most notably BP Pulse back in 2023 – this site represents a different model.

The station is owned by the host but fully managed by Tesla, meaning it appears and functions exactly like any other Supercharger in the navigation system and app, maintaining the seamless user experience Tesla owners, and now non-Tesla owners, are used to.

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Tesla’s official charging account confirmed the deployment in a post on X today:

This move falls under Tesla’s “Supercharger for Business” program, where property owners can purchase the hardware and pay for installation while Tesla handles the operations, maintenance, and billing.

Up until recently, Tesla owned and operated almost all of its Supercharger network, which has been the company’s most important moat.

However, as the network opens up to non-Tesla EVs with the adoption of NACS (North American Charging Standard), Tesla is transitioning from a purely closed ecosystem to a major energy and service provider for the broader EV market.

By allowing third parties to put up the capital for the stations while Tesla retains control over the software and customer experience, the company can likely deploy stalls much faster than if it were solely reliant on its own balance sheet.

Electrek’s Take

This is a smart move.

We have been saying for years that while the Supercharger network is Tesla’s greatest asset, it is also a capital-intensive beast to feed. Tesla has installed over 70,000 Supercharger posts globally, but to support the millions of EVs hitting the road (both Tesla and NACS-adopting rivals), the network needs to grow exponentially, not linearly.

Tesla’s Supercharger growth has declined since Musk fired the entire charging team, just to rehire many of them after.

Allowing third parties to own the assets solves the capital bottleneck. It’s similar to the franchise model used by gas stations or even fast-food chains – with the main difference being that Tesla owns the pump rather than the gas as the electricity still comes from the electric utilities.

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Hyundai’s 641 HP electric sports car is here, but it will be limited [Images]

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Hyundai's 641 HP electric sports car is here, but it will be limited [Images]

The IONIQ 6 N made its North American debut on Thursday, but Hyundai said it will be sold in limited quantities in the US.

Meet Hyundai’s electric sports car, the IONIQ 6 N

Hyundai said the IONIQ 6 N “redefines the EV driving experience” after unveiling it at the Goodwood Festival of Speed in July.

After launching it in South Korea last month, Hyundai’s electric sports car made its official North American debut at the LA Auto Show on Thursday.

The IONIQ 6 N is Hyundai’s first fully electric sports car and the second EV, following the IONIQ 5, to receive the “N” performance badge. With the IONIQ 5 receiving global recognition as one of the most awarded performance EVs, Hyundai looks to build on it with its latest model.

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Based on a dual motor, all-wheel drive (AWD) powertrain, the IONIQ 6 N packs a monstrous 641 HP and 568 lb-ft of torque, good for a 0 to 60 mph time in just 3.2 seconds.

Hyundai's-electric-sports-car-limited
The Hyundai IONIQ 6 N (Source: Hyundai)

That’s when N Grin Boost and N Launch Control are active, two of the many fun features that unlock the full potential of the vehicle by optimizing power and torque.

N Grin Boost provides a 10-second power boost while the Launch Control feature adjusts torque for maximum traction and acceleration.

Hyundai-IONIQ-6-N-EV-limited
The Hyundai IONIQ 6 N (Source: Hyundai)

Other fun features like N e-Shift and N Active Sound + simulate the sounds and jerk feeling of an internal combustion engine. Hyundai even added an N Track Manager for a customized on-track experience and N Drift Optimizer, for, well, that one’s pretty self-explanatory.

Inside, the IONIQ 6 N features Kia’s new ccNC infotainment with dual 12.3″ driver display and navigation screens with an exclusive N steering wheel and N badging throughout.

Hyundai-IONIQ-6-N-EV-interior-US
The interior of the Hyundai IONIQ 6 N (Source: Hyundai)

Measuring 194.3″ in length, 76.4″ in width, and 58.9″ in height with a wheelbase of 116.7″, the IONIQ 6 N is about the size of a Porsche Taycan, but it’s expected to be about half the cost.

With an upgraded 84 kWh battery, the IONIQ 6 N can recharge from 10% to 80% in as little as 18 minutes using a 350 kW fast charger.

Kia will reveal the projected driving range and prices during a media launch, so check back soon for updates. In Korea, it’s rated with a WLTP range of 291 miles (469 km).

Given that the current highest-priced IONIQ 6 Limited trim starts at $51,100 in the US, you can expect the N variant to start at around $65,000 to $70,000. It will begin arriving at dealerships in 2026, but Hyundai said the IONIQ 6 N will be available in limited quantities in the US.

Along with the launch of the IONIQ 6 N, Hyundai is introducing a range of N Performance Parts for its N-branded vehicles in the US, including the IONIQ 5 N and Elantra N.

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Official Black Friday deals just got even better – up to 70% off with new lows from Anker SOLIX, Segway Navimow + Ninebot, Jackery, more

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Official Black Friday deals just got even better – up to 70% off with new lows from Anker SOLIX, Segway Navimow + Ninebot, Jackery, more

With Amazon having officially kicked off its Black Friday event, we’re seeing many of our favorite brands following suit with updated/expanded lineups of deals – and all the posts we’ve collected for you today feature tons of great returning and new low prices. Leading the group is Anker’s SOLIX Black Friday Sale, which has increased savings up to 70% on power stations, bundles, and accessories, with offers like the latest F3000 Portable Power Station hitting a new $1,199 low (while also getting a FREE protective cover). Behind it is Segway Navimow’s Black Friday event with up to $700 discounts, bonus savings, and new low prices on its robotic lawn mowers – including the first-ever savings on the newest X3 series, all starting from $664. There’s also Heybike’s Hero 750W Mid-Drive All-Terrain e-bike at a new $2,099 low, Segway’s expanded Black Friday EV sale with returning low prices, and even four of Jackery’s newest power stations that are beating out the brand’s direct holiday sale with new low prices on every model, and more waiting for you below. And don’t forget about the hangover deals that are collected together at the bottom of the page, like yesterday’s Mango Power Black Friday power station sale, and more.

Head below for other New Green Deals we’ve found today and, of course, Electrek’s best EV buying and leasing deals. Also, check out the new Electrek Tesla Shop for the best deals on Tesla accessories.

Anker’s expanded SOLIX Black Friday Sale increases power station savings up to 70% with new lows starting from $150

Anker SOLIX has launched the next phase of its ongoing Black Friday Sale with increased savings up to 70% across its power stations, bundles, and accessories, giving us the best prices we have seen all year – complete with free gifts with select purchases and at certain price thresholds. Among the expanded lineup, you can score the latest F3000 Portable Power Station starting solo at $1,199 shipped and coming with a FREE protective cover ($99 value), matching in price over at Amazon, though you won’t get the cover there. This new model has been on the market since June carrying a $2,599 full price tag, which we’ve seen go as low as $1,399 up until today. Now, with its Black Friday event in full gear, you’re getting an additional $200 discount to a new all-time low price, giving you a total $1,499 in savings this holiday season. Head below for the full rundown of deals while they’re around.

***Note: We’re seeing a continuation of the four tiers of FREE gifts during Anker’s expanded Black Friday Sale when you spend $2,500 or more, giving you bonus solar panels and power stations. Another thing to remember is that despite saying this sale ends on November 27, Anker regularly extends savings through and past Cyber Monday, so we might just see further deals added in the coming weeks, but there’s no telling for sure.

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If you’re looking for well-rounded backup power support for trips and home backup alike, and don’t want to shell out the money for the more expansive F3800 units, you’ll find a proper companion in Anker’s SOLIX F3000 power station. It kicks off at a 3,072Wh LiFePO4 that can expand up to 24kWh (with bundles available below), and is one of the newer models boasting passthrough charging capabilities when plugged up to a gas generator during grid failures and the like.

It provides a steady output up to 3,600W that can double to 7,200W for greater home backup needs when two stations are linked together, dishing out power to devices, appliances, and more through the 11 output ports (including a TT-30R port for RV backup). On top of the gas generator option previously mentioned, you can also top off the battery using a standard AC outlet or with up to its maximum 2,400W solar input.

Anker’s SOLIX F3000/F3800 Black Friday deals:

Anker’s SOLIX F3800 Plus Black Friday deals:

Anker’s SOLIX essential backup and RV Black Friday deals:

Anker’s 1kWh SOLIX camping-ready Black Friday deals:

Anker’s under 1kWh SOLIX camping-ready Black Friday deals:

Anker’s SOLIX electric cooler Black Friday deals:

You can also find Anker’s SOLIX Black Friday Sale discounts on expansion batteries, solar panels, and other accessories by heading to the main page here.

Black Friday banner with Segway Navimow robotic lawn mowers

Get up to $700 Black Friday savings on Segway Navimow robot mowers, including first discount on new X3 series – from $664

Segway Navimow has officially launched its Black Friday Sale with up to $700 savings (including a bonus sitewide 5% savings code that you can get here) on three of its robotic lawn mower series – one of which being the first-ever savings on the latest X3 series after hitting the market back in spring. These are advanced autonomous assistants that you can hand off mowing duties to, with designs that can cover anywhere from 1/8 acres to 2.5 acres on one full charge – with these robots able to return to their stations and recharge before picking back up, rinsing and repeating until complete. As I mentioned, this is the first-ever savings you can score on the newest X3 series, while the i105 model and the i110 model are hitting new all-time and annual lows thanks to the extra savings you’ll get using the provided promo code – all starting from $664.05 shipped for the i105, which beats out the Amazon pricing.

To see this full Segway Navimow Black Friday lineup of deals (including the bonus savings code), be sure to check out our original coverage of this sale here.

man riding Heybike Hero 750W mid-drive all-terrain e-bike over grass

Heybike increases Black Friday savings on its Hero 750W mid-drive all-terrain e-bike to a new $2,099 low, more

As part of Heybike’s ongoing Black Friday Sale, we wanted to shine a spotlight on the brand’s premium Hero Carbon-Fiber Al-Terrain e-bikes, with the 1,000W rear hub e-bike keeping down at $1,899 shipped, while the 750W mid-drive e-bike is getting increased savings to $2,099 shipped. Normally fetching $2,599 and $3,099 outside of sales, we saw the 1,000W model drop down to its $1,899 low for the first time last month, with this sale retaining that pricing while increasing the savings on the 750W model that comes in $200 lower than we’ve ever tracked. All-in-all, you’re looking at the best prices we have tracked on these higher-end e-bikes, giving you $600 and $1,000 savings while upgrading your ride to handle any terrain you come across.

If you want to learn more about the differences between these two e-bikes, be sure to check out our original coverage of these deals here.

Segway electric scooters and e-bikes for Black Friday Sale

Segway’s official Black Friday sale now live: Best price of the year on latest e-scooters, e-bikes, more starting from $150

Segway has switched gears into its official full Black Friday Sale period, expanding the lineup of EV deals we’ve been seeing up until now alongside increasing savings for the best prices of the year. One notable model returning to its best price is the ZT3 Pro All-Terrain Electric Scooter at $849.99 shipped, which matches in price over at Amazon. While it carries a $1,300 MSRP directly from the brand, you can more often find it only fetching $1,000 at full price, with this all-time low price having only appeared during July and October’s Prime Day sales events. You’re getting another shot at $150 off the going rate (and $450 off the MSRP), giving you multi-terrain conquering commuting/joyriding power at the best price we have tracked.

If you want to learn more about this all-terrain e-scooter, or browse the massive expanded lineup of deals, be sure to check out our original coverage of this full Black Friday Sale here.

Four Jackery power stations being used to power various devices

Jackery’s Explorer 1000, 2000, 3000 V2 + 5000 Plus power stations are all hitting new Black Friday lows from $332

Wellbots is undercutting the Black Friday Sale pricing from Jackery on four particular power stations, giving you new low prices during the biggest holiday shopping season. Starting off at the smallest of these units for camping and moving up to whole-home backup companions, you can find the Explorer 1000 V2 Portable Power Station down at $331.55 shippedafter using the on-page promo code JACK5 at checkout, which beats out Amazon’s pricing by $17 and Jackery’s direct pricing by $67. It’s been initially dropped from its full $799 price to $349, which goes $17 lower thanks to the bonus savings code, which provides an up to $467 markdown to a new all-time low price. Be sure to check out the other new low prices below while they’re still around.

If you want to browse the full lineup of new low prices on these power stations, be sure to check out our original coverage of these deals here.

Best Fall EV deals!

Best new Green Deals landing this week

The savings this week are also continuing to a collection of other markdowns. To the same tune as the offers above, these all help you take a more energy-conscious approach to your routine. Winter means you can lock in even better off-season price cuts on electric tools for the lawn while saving on EVs and tons of other gear.

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