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Pakistan is set to begin its push to force out 1.7 million migrants – many of them Afghans who fled the Taliban – despite criticism from human rights groups.

Thousands of Afghans living in Pakistan rushed to the border in trucks and buses ahead of the government’s Wednesday deadline for undocumented or unregistered foreign nationals to leave the country.

The anti-migrant policy was announced last month by Pakistan’s caretaker government, which has threatened to round-up, detain and deport those who do not leave voluntarily.

Islamabad has blamed Afghan migrants for a rise in armed attacks, mainly in northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and southwestern Balochistan provinces bordering Afghanistan.

The government has also accused Kabul of turning a blind eye to Taliban-allied militants who find shelter in Afghanistan, from where they go back and forth across the two countries’ shared 1,600-mile border to stage attacks in Pakistan – an accusation the Taliban have denied.

However, the move to expel migrants has been strongly criticised by UN agencies and human rights groups, as well as the Taliban-led administration in Afghanistan.

Afghan families onboard a truck head toward a border crossing point in Torkham, Pakistan
Pic:AP
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Afghan families onboard a truck head toward a border crossing point in Torkham, Pakistan. Pic: AP

Afghan families onboard a truck head toward a border crossing point in Torkham, Pakistan, Tuesday, Oct. 31, 2023. Large numbers of Afghans crammed into trucks and buses in Pakistan, heading to the border to return home hours before the expiration of a Pakistani government deadline for those who are in the country illegally to leave or face deportation. (AP Photo/Muhammad Sajjad)
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Pic: AP

The government says more than four million foreign nationals live in Pakistan – the vast majority of them Afghans who sought refuge over the last four decades.

Of those, as many as 600,000 to 800,000 migrated in or after the Taliban regained power in 2021, according to Pakistan’s interior ministry.

It claims there are around 1.7 million undocumented migrants in Pakistan – and all have been told to leave the country by 1 November.

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The operation would be “lengthy and gradual”, Sarfraz Bugti, Pakistan’s caretaker interior minister, said in a video statement released on Tuesday. He gave no further detail on the time frame.

Mr Bugti denied refugees were being deported and said: “Only those who are completely illegal will leave Pakistan.”

However, the UN refugee agency in Pakistan urged the government to protect those at risk from persecution.

“We are asking the government to come up with a comprehensive system and… mechanism to manage and register people at immediate risk of persecution if forced to return,” Qaiser Khan Afridi, a spokesperson for the agency, told Reuters news agency.

“They cannot return, they can’t go back to Afghanistan because their freedom or their life might be at risk.”

Afghan citizens wait with their belongings to cross into Afghanistan
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Afghan citizens wait with their belongings to cross into Afghanistan

An Afghan family stands by their truck, loaded with belongings as they along with others are returning home,
Image:
An Afghan family stands by their truck, loaded with belongings as they along with others are returning home

More than 200,000 Afghans have returned home since the policy was announced, according to Pakistan’s government, while the Taliban say around 60,000 Afghan nationals have crossed the border.

More have headed there today ahead of the deadline, among them Mohammad Amin, who said his father came to Pakistan 40 years ago.

“He died here. My mother also died here and their graves are in Pakistan,” said Mr Amin, originally from Afghanistan’s eastern Nangarhar province.

“We are going back today as we never tried to register ourselves as refugees with the UN refugee agency,” the 52-year-old said.

Another Afghan national who was born in Pakistan and married a Pakistani woman and raised his Pakistan-born children in Karachi, but has no Pakistani documents, said he and his family are also heading across the border.

“We’d live here our whole life if they didn’t send us back,” said the 35-year-old.

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Over 100 politicians from multiple countries condemn China over detention of tycoon Jimmy Lai

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Over 100 politicians from multiple countries condemn China over detention of tycoon Jimmy Lai

More than 100 politicians from 24 different countries, including the UK, the US and the EU, have written a joint letter condemning China over the “arbitrary detention and unfair trial” of Jimmy Lai, a tycoon and pro-democracy campaigner.

The parliamentarians, led by senior British Conservative MP Alicia Kearns, are “urgently” demanding the immediate release of the 77-year-old British citizen, who has been held in solitary confinement at a maximum security prison in Hong Kong for almost four years.

The letter – which will be embarrassing for Beijing – was made public on the eve of Mr Lai’s trial resuming and on the day after British Prime Minister Keir Starmer met Chinese President Xi Jinping on the sidelines of a G20 summit of economic powers in Brazil.

It also comes as Hong Kong jailed 45 pro-democracy activists.

The group of politicians, who also include representatives from Canada, Australia, Spain, Germany, Ukraine and France, said Mr Lai’s treatment was “inhumane”.

“He is being tried on trumped-up charges arising from his peaceful promotion of democracy, his journalism and his human rights advocacy,” they wrote in the letter, which has been seen by Sky News.

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Starmer meets Chinese president

“The world is watching as the rule of law, media freedom and human rights in Hong Kong are eroded and undermined.

“We stand together in our defence of these fundamental freedoms and in our demand that Jimmy Lai be released immediately and unconditionally.”

Sir Keir raised the case of Mr Lai during remarks released at the start of his talks with Mr Xi on Monday – the first meeting between a British prime minister and the Chinese leader in six years.

The prime minister could be heard expressing concerns about reports of Mr Lai’s deteriorating health. However, he did not appear to call for his immediate release.

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From October: ‘This is what Hong Kong is’

Ms Kearns, the MP for Rutland and Stamford in the East Midlands, said the meeting had been an opportunity to be unequivocal that the UK expects Mr Lai to be freed.

“Jimmy Lai is being inhumanely persecuted for standing up for basic human values,” she said in a statement, released alongside the letter.

“He represents the flame of freedom millions seek around the world.

“We have a duty to fight for Jimmy Lai as a British citizen, and to take a stand against the Chinese Community Party’s erosion of rule of law in Hong Kong.

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“This letter represents the strength of international feeling and commitment of parliamentarians globally to securing Jimmy Lai’s immediate release and return to the UK with his family.”

Mr Lai was famously the proprietor of the Chinese-language newspaper Apple Daily in Hong Kong, which wrote scathing reports about the local authorities and the communist government in mainland China after Britain handed back the territory to Beijing in 1997.

The tabloid was a strong supporter of pro-democracy protesters who took to the streets of Hong Kong to demonstrate against the government in 2019.

But the media mogul was arrested the following year – one of the first victims of a draconian new security law imposed by the Chinese Communist Party.

His newspaper was closed after his bank accounts were frozen.

Mr Lai has since been convicted of illegal assembly and fraud. He is now on trial for sedition over articles published in Apple Daily.

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Hong Kong jails 45 pro-democracy activists after accusing them of trying to overthrow the city’s government

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Hong Kong jails 45 pro-democracy activists after accusing them of trying to overthrow the city's government

Forty-five pro-democracy activists have been jailed in Hong Kong’s largest ever national security trial.

The activists sentenced with jail terms ranging from four years to ten years were accused of conspiracy to commit subversion after holding an unofficial primary election in Hong Kong in 2020.

They were arrested in 2021.

Hong Kong authorities say the defendants were trying to overthrow the territory’s government.

Democracy activist Benny Tai received the longest sentence of ten years. He became the face of the movement when thousands of protesters took to the city’s streets during the “Umbrella Movement” demonstrations.

However, Hong Kong officials accused him of being behind the plan to organise elections to select candidates.

Tai had pleaded guilty, his lawyers argued he believed his election plan was allowed under the city’s Basic Law.

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Another prominent activist Joshua Wong received a sentence of more than four years.

Joshua Wong was sentenced to more than four years Pic: AP
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Joshua Wong was sentenced to more than four years Pic: AP

Wong became one of the leading figures in the protests. His activism started as a 15 year old when he spearheaded a huge rally against a government plan to change the school curriculum.

Then in 2019 Hong Kong erupted in protests after the city’s government proposed a bill that would allow extradition to mainland China. It peaked in June 2019 when Amnesty International reported that up to two million people marched on the streets, paralysing parts of Hong Kong’s business district.

The extradition bill was later dropped but it had ignited a movement demanding political change and freedom to elect their own leaders in Hong Kong.

China’s central government called the protests “riots” that could not continue.

Hong Kong introduced a national security law in the aftermath of the protests.

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A woman is taken away by police outside the court Pic: Reuters
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A woman is taken away by police outside the court Pic: Reuters

The US has called the trial “politically motivated”.

Dozens of family and friends of the accused were waiting for the verdict outside the West Kowloon Magistrates Court.

British citizen and media mogul Jimmy Lai is due to testify on Wednesday.

Meeting on the sidelines of the G20 in Brazil, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer told China’s President Xi Jinping he’s concerned about the health of Lai.

He faces charges of fraud and the 2019 protests. He has also been charged with sedition and collusion with foreign forces.

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42,000 march on New Zealand’s parliament in support of Maori rights

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42,000 march on New Zealand's parliament in support of Maori rights

Tens of thousands of people have marched on New Zealand’s parliament in a protest in support of Maori rights.

The huge crowds took to the streets of Wellington in opposition to a law that could reshape the country’s founding treaty between the indigenous Maori people and the British crown.

The march was described as likely the country’s largest-ever protest in support of Maori rights.

The crowds gathered outside of New Zealand's parliament.
Pic: AP
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The crowds gathered outside of New Zealand’s parliament.
Pic: AP

“We’re fighting for our tamariki [children], for our mokopuna [grandchildren], so they can have what we haven’t been able to have,” Shanell Bob said as she waited for the march to begin.

“It’s different to when I was a child. We’re stronger now, our tamariki [children] are stronger now, they know who they are, they’re proud of who they are.”

The bill the protesters oppose is unpopular and unlikely to become law, but opposition to it has exploded.

It would change the meaning of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi and prevent its principles from applying only to the Maori people – whose chiefs signed the document when New Zealand was colonised.

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Tens of thousands of people walked through the streets of Wellington. 
Pic: AP
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Tens of thousands of people walked through the streets of Wellington.
Pic: AP

Considered New Zealand’s founding document, it laid out the principles guiding the relationship between the British crown and the Maori in two versions – one in English and one in Maori.

The document gave Maori the same rights and privileges as British citizens, but the English and Maori versions differed in the degree to which the chiefs ceded power over their affairs, lands and autonomy.

Over time, the colonial rulers breached both versions, with Maori language and culture dwindling – the country’s indigenous people often barred from practicing it – and tribal land was confiscated.

Pic: AP
Image:
Pic: AP

What’s in the controversial bill?

The bill has been drawn up by the libertarian ACT New Zealand party, a junior partner in the ruling centre-right coalition government.

It seeks to enshrine a narrower interpretation of the Treaty of Waitangi which it says discriminates against non-indigenous citizens.

Critics say it is motivated by a desire to reverse decades of policies that aimed to empower Maori people, who make up around 20% of the 5.3 million population.

New Zealand's opposition leader Chris Hipkins (left) does a hongi with Hare Arapere as people gathered outside New Zealand's parliament.
Pic: AP
Image:
New Zealand’s opposition leader Chris Hipkins (left) does a hongi with Hare Arapere as people gathered outside New Zealand’s parliament.
Pic: AP

In recent years, interpretation of clauses in the treaty have frequently guided legislation and policy, with rulings by the courts and a separate Maori tribunal resulting in growing Maori rights and privileges in the decades since independence in 1947.

The bill’s author, libertarian politician David Seymour, says that process of redress, following the earlier decades of breaches of the treaty, has created special treatment for the Maori – which he opposes.

Tens of thousands gathered in front of New Zealand's parliament.
Pic: AP
Image:
Pic: AP

‘We’re going for a walk!’

“We’re going for a walk!” one organiser said from a stage, as crowds gathered at the opposite end of New Zealand’s capital at the beginning of the protest.

Some people taking part had travelled the length of the country over the past nine days.

The Maori haka was performed as people marched on the country's parliament.
Pic: AP
Image:
Pic: AP

Diverse groups waited with Maori sovereignty flags at bus stops, which would have usually been occupied by morning commuters.

Youngsters were among those taking part as some schools said they wouldn’t register students as absent if they attended.

The city’s mayor joined in the protest as well as other politicians.

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Protesters carry placards against the proposed law.
Pic: AP
Image:
Pic: AP

The Maori haka was performed by protesters as thousands more held signs in support as they lined the streets.

Some carried placards that bore jokes or insults aimed at politicians behind the bill, while others expressed pride in Maori identity, support for the protest or denounced the colonisation of the country.

Police said that about 42,000 people walked to the parliament’s grounds, with some spilling into the surrounding streets.

People sought the best vantage points, with some cramming themselves on to a children’s slide, as others climbed trees.

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New Zealand politician David Seymour.
Pic: AP
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New Zealand politician David Seymour.
Pic: AP

The legislation made it through its first vote last Thursday, after Mr Seymour made a political deal.

ACT’s coalition partners, the National Party and New Zealand First, agreed to support the bill through the first of its three readings, but both have said they will not support it to become law.

Mr Seymour briefly walked out on to the parliament’s forecourt to observe the protest and was booed by some.

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