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Seafood allegedly produced using the forced labour of Uyghur people in China may have been sold at Iceland – and could be on sale now at other British supermarkets, according to an investigation.

Iceland told Sky News it no longer had a relationship with the Chinese supplier in question.

Since 2018, the Chinese government is believed to have moved tens of thousands of Uyghurs from their homes in Xinjiang to other parts of China, as part of a “labour transfer programme”.

Human rights advocates say the programme constitutes forced labour, a charge that China has repeatedly denied. The Chinese embassy did not respond to our request for a comment.

An investigation by non-profit journalism organisation The Outlaw Ocean Project – shared with Sky News – has found that nine large seafood companies in Shandong, a province in east China, have received at least 2,000 Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities from Xinjiang – and that many of them supply the UK.

One of those is Shandong Meijia Group, one of the largest seafood processing companies in China.

Workers inside the Yantai Sanko Fisheries plant in Shandong province. Pic: Douyin
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Workers inside the Yantai Sanko Fisheries plant in Shandong province. Pic: Douyin


In 2021, Sky News visited one of the company’s factories in the town of Rizhao, as part of an investigation that revealed details of Uyghur forced labour.

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The company had posted an article on its website showing Uyghurs arriving as part of the “integration of the national family”.

After Sky News sent questions to the company, the article was deleted. A manager at the entrance told our reporting team that there were no Uyghur workers.

But videos posted to Douyin – the Chinese counterpart of TikTok – have been uncovered by Outlaw Ocean and verified by Sky News.

They show Uyghur workers as recently as October 2022, and at another factory as recently as May 2023, at two Meijia Group plants: Meijia Jiayuan and Meijia Keyuan.

Shandong Meijia did not respond to Sky News’s request for comment.

Exhausted Uyghur workers inside plant in 2021. Pic: Douyin
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Exhausted Uyghur workers inside the plant in 2021. Pic: Douyin

The Outlaw Ocean Project reviewed hundreds of pages of internal company newsletters, local news reports, a database of Uyghur testimonies, trade data, and satellite and cell phone imagery to verify the location of processing plants.

They also verified that the Douyin users had initially registered in Xinjiang.

Reporter Ian Urbina throws a bottle with interview questions inside at Chinese squid boat. Pic: The Outlaw Ocean Project/James Glancy
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Reporter Ian Urbina throws a bottle with interview questions inside at Chinese squid boat. Pic: The Outlaw Ocean Project/James Glancy

Interview questions thrown to crew inside plastic bottles

This investigation was produced by The Outlaw Ocean Project, which focuses on human rights and environmental crimes at sea around the world.

Based on over four years of reporting at sea and on land, including on the high seas near North Korea, West Africa, the Galapagos, and the Falkland islands, the investigation was conducted in collaboration with the New Yorker, and derives from reporting and writing from Ian Urbina, Maya Martin, Sue Ryan, Joe Galvin, Daniel Murphy, Jake Conley and Austin Brush.

To chronicle working conditions on Chinese fishing ships, the reporting team boarded vessels at sea and interviewed crew.

When permitted, they boarded vessels to talk to crew, or came alongside them to interview officers by radio.

In many instances, the Chinese ships got spooked, pulling up their gear and fleeing.

When this happened, the team trailed the ships in a small boat to get close enough to throw aboard plastic bottles weighed down with rice, and containing a pen, cigarettes, hard sweets, and interview questions.

On several occasions, deckhands wrote replies, providing phone numbers for family back home, and then threw the bottles back into the water.

The reporting included interviews with their family members, and with two dozen additional crew members.

Iceland hasn’t received products for ‘significant period’

Meijia’s customers include Iceland, and distributors Fastnet Fish and Westbridge Foods Ltd, according to an archived version of their customer list on their website.

Fastnet Fish has said that as a result of the investigation it had terminated its relationship with Meijia. Westbridge Foods did respond to Sky News’s request for comment.

Iceland appeared to admit that Meijia had, at one point, been a supplier – but a spokesperson told Sky News: “We can confirm that Iceland is not, nor has not for a significant period, received any products from such sites.

“It is Iceland’s policy to be able to act responsibly in all commercial and trading activities to establish that the working conditions of people working for, and within the supply chain, meet relevant international standards.”

Asked by Sky News, the supermarket did not explain when or why it stopped receiving products.

It also said it was working with international auditing organisations, such as the Ethical Trading Initiative and Sedex, on the issue of relocation of Uyghurs in China.

Inside Uyghur 'education camp'
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Yantai Sanko Fisheries workers at ‘political education sessions’ at the factory in 2021. Pic: Yantai United Front Work Department

Sainsbury’s ‘working to understand situation’

Uyghur workers were also deployed to other seafood factories run by the Chishan group, a Chinese conglomerate, according to The Outlaw Ocean Project’s research.

The company supplies Lyons Seafoods, which produces branded and private-label seafood for retailers including Sainsbury’s.

Lyons did not respond to Sky News’s request for comment – but its French parent company Labeyrie had previously told the Outlaw Ocean Project that they were “extremely concerned” by the allegations.

A Sainsbury’s spokesperson told Sky News: “All of our suppliers have to meet our high ethical and worker welfare standards.

“If we have any reason to believe there is a situation within our supply chains which is in breach of those standards we take immediate action.

“We are working together with our suppliers and wider industry partners to understand the situation and take the most responsible and appropriate next steps.”

Fish shipments bound for Europe usually pass through Rotterdam – where sometimes they are repackaged in different containers – which can add to the difficulty in tracking shipments.

From there, the seafood shipments arrive at UK ports, such as Felixstowe.

A map showing the supply chain of seafood from China to the UK
Image:
A map showing the supply chain of seafood from China to the UK

‘Human trafficking, wage theft and criminal level of neglect’

As part of a four-year-long investigation, the Outlaw Ocean Project may have revealed other abuses connected to China’s vast fishing fleet – including the story of Daniel Daniel Aritonang, a 20-year-old Indonesian who died from the disease Beriberi after suffering abuse on a Chinese vessel.

Daniel Daniel Aritonang
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Daniel Aritonang

Ian Urbina, the director of the Outlaw Ocean Project, told Sky News: “The human rights and labour crimes – you’re dealing with human trafficking, you’re dealing with death by violence, wage theft, blocking of timely access to medical care, criminal level of neglect in the form of Beriberi, people that are essentially deprived of the key nutrients to be able to survive.

“Vessels that go dark and turn off their transponders and they disappear – all these are well documented crimes as well that are in the marine space.”

Chinese fishing vessel
Chinese workers being interviewed on board squid fishing ship. Pic: Ed Ou
Image:
Workers being interviewed on board a Chinese squid fishing ship. Pic: Ed Ou

The group that owned the vessel, Rongcheng Wangda, has denied any wrongdoing and has referred the matter to the China Overseas Fisheries Association for investigation. No criminal case been brought.

Chinese government video claiming to show transfer of workers from Kashgar authorities. Pic: Douyin/Kashgar Media Centre
Image:
Chinese government video claiming to show transfer of workers from Xinjiang. Pic: Douyin/Kashgar Media Centre

“The reality is that because it’s out of sight, out of mind, you know, a lot of that is happening over the horizon, quite literally,” David Hammond, chief executive of the NGO Human Rights at Sea, told Sky News.

“Nobody knows what’s going on. So you then have the issue of enforcement and there is a massive lacuna in the enforcement issue from coastal states and international waters.

“And without enforcement, you don’t have a deterrent effect and without deterrent effect, you have impunity.”

The Data and Forensics team is a multi-skilled unit dedicated to providing transparent journalism from Sky News. We gather, analyse and visualise data to tell data-driven stories. We combine traditional reporting skills with advanced analysis of satellite images, social media and other open source information. Through multimedia storytelling we aim to better explain the world while also showing how our journalism is done.

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UK must increase North Sea drilling to boost economy, says US ambassador

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UK must increase North Sea drilling to boost economy, says US ambassador

The US ambassador to the UK has said Britain should carry out “more drilling and more production” in the North Sea.

In his first broadcast interview in the job, Warren Stephens urged the UK to make the most of its own oil and gas reserves to cut energy costs and boost the economy.

“Electricity costs are four times ours in the UK, versus the US,” he told Mornings with Ridge and Frost.

“I want the UK economy to be as strong as it possibly can be, so the UK can be the best ally to the US that it possibly can be.

“Having a growing economy is essential to that – and the electricity costs make it very difficult.”

Mr Stephens told Wilfred Frost he hoped Britain would “examine the policies in the North Sea and frankly, make some changes to it that allows for more drilling and more production”.

“You’re using oil and gas, but you’re importing it. Why not use your own?” he asked.

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Mr Stephens said Britain should make more of its own oil and gas
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Mr Stephens said Britain should make more of its own oil and gas

The ambassador said he had held meetings with Sir Keir Starmer on the energy issue while US President Donald Trump was in the room, and that the prime minister was “absolutely” listening to the US view.

“I think there are members of the government that are listening,” Mr Stephens told Sky News. “There is a little bit of movement to make changes on the policy and I’ll hope that will continue.”

Energy Secretary Ed Miliband has said the UK should be prioritising net zero by 2030 to limit climate change, rather than issuing new oil and gas drilling licences.

The Thistle Alpha platform, north of Shetland, stopped production in 2020 . Pic: Reuters/Petrofac
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The Thistle Alpha platform, north of Shetland, stopped production in 2020 . Pic: Reuters/Petrofac

However, the ambassador said it would take “all energy for all countries to compete” in the future, given the huge power demands of data centres and AI.

“I don’t think Ed Miliband is necessarily wrong,” said Mr Stephens. “But I think it’s an incorrect policy to ignore your fossil fuel reserves, both in the North Sea and onshore.”

The ambassador hosted Mr Trump on the first night of his second UK state visit in September – a trip that was seen as a success by both sides.

Mr Stephens said Mr Trump and Sir Keir had a “great relationship” and pointed to the historic ties between Britain and the US as a major factor in June’s trade deal and the favourable tariff rate on the UK.

The ambassador said Sir Keir and President Trump have a 'great relationship'
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The ambassador said Sir Keir and President Trump have a ‘great relationship’

“The president really loves this country,” the ambassador told Sky News.

“I don’t think it’s coincidental that the tariff rates on the UK are generally a third, or at worst half, of what a lot of other countries are facing.

“I think the prime minister and his team did a great job of positioning the United Kingdom to be the first trade deal, but also the best one that’s been struck.”

Mr Stephens – who began his job in London in May – also touched on the Ukraine war and said Mr Trump’s patience with Russia was “wearing thin”.

The Alaska summit between Mr Trump and Vladimir Putin failed to produce a breakthrough, and the US leader has admitted the Russian president may be “playing” him so he can continue the fighting.

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The ambassador told Sky News he had always favoured a tough stance on Russia and was “delighted” when Mr Trump sanctioned Russia’s two biggest oil firms a few weeks ago.

However, he emphasised the president’s call that other countries must stop buying Russian energy to really tighten the screw.

‘The incorrect policy’ – That’s Trumpian diplomacy for you

“You’re using oil and gas, but you’re importing it. Why not use your own?”

It’s a reasonable question for President Trump’s top representative here in the UK – ambassador Warren Stephens – to ask, particularly given that our exclusive interview was taking place in the UK’s oil capital, Aberdeen.

The ambassador told me that he and President Trump have repeatedly lobbied Prime Minister Starmer on the topic, and somewhat strikingly said the PM was “absolutely listening”, adding: “I think there are certainly members of the government that are listening. And there is a little bit of movement to make some changes to the policy.”

Well, one member of the government who is seemingly not listening, and happens to be spending most of this week at the UN Climate Change Conference in Brazil, is Energy Secretary Ed Miliband.

“It’s going to take all energy for all countries to compete in the 21st century for AI and data centres,” the ambassador told me. “And so, I don’t think Ed Miliband is necessarily wrong, but I think it’s an incorrect policy to ignore your fossil fuel reserves, both in the North Sea and onshore.”

Not wrong, but the incorrect policy. That’s Trumpian diplomacy for you.

His comments on Russia, China and free speech were also fascinating. On the latter, he said that in the US someone might get “cancelled for saying something, but they’re not going to get arrested.”

“The president, has been, I would say, careful in ramping up pressure on Russia. But I think his patience is wearing out,” said Mr Stephens.

“One of the problems is a lot of European countries still depend on Russian gas,” he added.

“We’re mindful of that. We understand that, but until we can really cut off their ability to sell oil and gas around the world, they’re going to have money and Putin seems intent on continuing the war.”

The ambassador also struck a cautious but hopeful tone on future US and UK relations with China.

It comes after Mr Trump said his meeting this week with President Xi Jinping was a “12/10”, raising hopes the trade war between the superpowers could be simmering down.

China’s huge economy is too big to ignore – but it remains a major spy threat; the head of MI5 warned last month of an increase in “state threat activity” from Beijing (as well as Russia and Iran).

Mr Stephens praised the country’s economy and said it would be “terrific” if China could one day be considered a partner.

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Trump-Xi meeting: Three key takeaways

But he warned “impatient” China is ruthlessly focused on itself only, and would like to see the US and the West weakened.

“There’s certainly things we want to be able to do with China,” added the ambassador.

“And I know the UK wants to do things with China. The United States does, too – and we should. But I think we always need to keep in the back of our mind that China does not have our interests at heart.”

:: Watch Mornings with Ridge and Frost on weekdays Monday to Thursday, from 7am to 10am on Sky News

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Ryanair boss hits out at chancellor over growth as profits climb 42%

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Ryanair boss hits out at chancellor over growth as profits climb 42%

Ryanair’s boss has accused the chancellor of having no idea how to grow the UK economy as the airline reported hikes to fares had delivered a 42% rise in half-year profits.

Michael O’Leary told Sky’s Mornings with Ridge and Frost programme that Rachel Reeves “hasn’t the rashers how to deliver growth” while taking aim at a planned rise in air passenger duty slated for next April.

He called for the hike, revealed at her first budget last October, to be reversed in her speech to the Commons on 26 November – a budget business believes could further harm investment in jobs and growth.

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“Until she starts cutting these insane taxes and stop trying to tax wealth, the UK economy is doomed to continue to fail”, he said.

“But, in a bizarre way, that’s probably good for Ryanair’s business because as people get more price sensitive, more and more of them will fly Ryanair,” he concluded.

Mr O’Leary was speaking after the no frills carrier, which is Europe’s largest airline by passenger numbers, reported profit after tax in the six months to the end of September came in at €2.54bn (£2.2bn).

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The better-than-expected sum followed a second quarter recovery for fares – the cost of a seat before add-ons – in the wake of a 7% decline across its last financial year.

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July: Ryanair calls on NATS boss to quit

Ryanair said revenues per passenger were up 9% over the six months, helped by a 13% rise in fares and higher revenues from additional things like baggage fees and seat selection.

It reported record passenger numbers of 119 million for the half year – the summer season that tends to be the most profitable – and guided that fares, despite some discounting, were on track to end the financial year on a positive footing.

The airline raised its passenger traffic forecast due to earlier-than-expected deliveries of more efficient Boeing aircraft and strong first-half demand.

Ryanair said it expected to fly 207 million passengers in the year to the end of March, up from an earlier forecast of 206 million.

Mr O’Leary told investors: “While Q3 forward bookings are slightly ahead of (PY) prior year, particularly across the Oct. mid-term and Christmas peaks, we would caution that we face more challenging PY fare comps in H2 (second half) making fare growth more challenging”.

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Murdoch-backed Brave Bison in £50m bid for M&C Saatchi division

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Murdoch-backed Brave Bison in £50m bid for M&C Saatchi division

A deal-hungry London-listed marketing group backed by Rupert Murdoch and Lord Ashcroft, the former Tory treasurer, has made a £50m approach to buy a division of M&C Saatchi.

Sky News has learnt that Brave Bison, run by brothers Oli and Theo Green, has tabled a cash-and-stock proposal to acquire M&C Performance.

The target handles media planning and buying across digital channels, a key growth area in the marketing industry.

M&C Performance’s clients include Amazon and Meta, the owner of Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp.

City sources said this weekend that M&C Saatchi had received the offer from Brave Bison but that its response was unclear.

If it progresses, it would be the latest in a string of deals for Brave Bison, which has bought five other businesses this year alone.

Among them was MiniMBA, an e-learning and training business serving marketing and technology professionals, which it bought from Centaur Media.

Brave Bison, whose clients include Primark and Real Madrid, has also bought Engage, a sports marketing specialist.

Any deal for M&C Performance would involve issuing new stock as well as utilising Brave Bison’s debt facilities, banking sources suggested on Sunday.

Brave Bison’s shares have almost doubled during the year to date, while M&C Saatchi’s stock has fallen by 22% during the same period.

The latter has a market capitalisation of roughly £160m, little more than half the value of an offer three years ago which priced it at more than £300m including debt.

Mr Murdoch’s News Corporation took a stake in Brave Bison earlier this year through a combinationn of their influencer marketing divisions.

The Green brothers took over Brave Bison in 2020, and have overseen a sharp strategic realignment and improvement in its performance.

Last year, it bought the podcaster and entrepreneur Steven Bartlett’s social media and influencer agency, SocialChain.

At Friday’s stock market close, Brave Bison had a market capitalisation of about £82m.

Both Brave Bison and M&C Saatchi declined to comment.

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