For almost a decade, Mike Trout was the unquestioned best player in baseball.

From 2012 to 2019, he won the American League MVP award three times and finished second in the voting four times. In the years he didn’t win, he led the AL three times in WAR; in 2017, he led the AL in OBP, slugging and OPS, but he sat out some time and finished a mere fourth in the voting; and in 2018, it took a herculean season from Mookie Betts to beat out Trout in what was one of Trout’s best seasons. Really, he wasn’t that far away from winning eight consecutive MVPs.

But since then, it feels as if we’ve been robbed of the second half of the career of one of the game’s all-time greats. Trout has been injured much of the time since 2021, playing in only about 42% of the games the Los Angeles Angels have played. Right now, he’s injured again because of a bone bruise in his left knee; when he has played this season, he cracked nine home runs in 29 games but was also hitting just .179. He had similar results in the 29 games he played before tearing the meniscus in his left knee last season, when he hit .220 with 10 home runs. Admitting the injuries and Trout’s age — he’s 33 — have caught him up, the Angels finally moved him off center field this season.

Those prolonged absences have allowed Betts, who continues to play at a high level and ranks third among position players in WAR this decade, to slowly close the gap on Trout. It’s now an argument to consider: Is Betts poised to pass Trout as the best player of their generation?

First, we need to define what “their generation” is. When generations are discussed in demographic terms, the division is done by birth years, usually lasting 15 to 20 years or so. Trout was born in 1991, so under this definition, his “generation” could extend all the way from players born in the 1970s to the late 2000s and include the likes of Derek Jeter (born in 1974), Alex Rodriguez (1975), Albert Pujols (1980), Clayton Kershaw (1988), Juan Soto (1998), Paul Skenes (2002) and Jackson Merrill (2003).

That’s a broad swath of birth dates — too broad. Instead, let’s categorize generational value using the same years as defined in pop culture — Baby Boomers, Gen X, etc. — but with a twist: looking at value accumulated only in those specific years (not the years in which the players were born).

This is a thought exercise as much as a hardcore statistical study, because we do talk about generations (or eras) all the time in baseball — the dead ball era, the steroid era, the wild-card era and so on. As we take a deeper dive into how Trout and Betts compare, let’s also go through each generation to see which players ruled those periods in the sport, ending with the great Generation Alpha debate between Trout and Betts (and yes, Aaron Judge and Shohei Ohtani might pop up, too).

Trout vs. Betts by the numbers

Trout was piling up so much WAR at such a young age that we used to do monthly updates on all the players he had just passed on the career WAR list. His run began as a rookie in 2012 in his age-20 season, when he hit .326 with 30 home runs and led the AL in runs scored and stolen bases. And for a long time, he looked destined to become one of the greatest players of all time — the inner circle of the inner circle. Look at where he ranked on the career WAR leaderboard for position players through each age:

Age 20, 2012 season: 11.0 (second behind Mel Ott)
Age 21, 2013: 19.9 (first, ahead of Ott)
Age 22, 2014: 27.6 (first, ahead of Ty Cobb and Ott)
Age 23, 2015: 37.1 (first, ahead of Cobb and Ted Williams)
Age 24, 2016: 47.5 (first, ahead of Cobb and Mickey Mantle)
Age 25, 2017: 54.4 (second, behind Cobb)
Age 26, 2018: 64.3 (first, ahead of Cobb and Mantle)
Age 27, 2019: 72.2 (first, ahead of Cobb and Mantle)

Then, starting with the COVID-shortened 2020 season, Trout’s pace took a downturn.

Age 28, 2020: 74.0 (fourth, behind Cobb, Rogers Hornsby and Mantle)
Age 29, 2021: 75.9 (sixth, now behind Ott and Alex Rodriguez)
Age 30, 2022: 82.0 (fifth, climbing back ahead of Ott)
Age 31, 2023: 84.9 (10th, with Babe Ruth, Henry Aaron and Willie Mays passing him)
Age 32, 2024: 86.0 (15th, with Barry Bonds jumping ahead for the first time)

This takes us to 2025, Trout’s age-33 season. He’s currently squeezed on the all-time list between Jimmie Foxx and Eddie Mathews — two players, coincidentally, who had already compiled more than 89% of their career WAR total through their age-32 seasons.

Meanwhile, with Trout sitting out so many games in the past several years, Betts started making a run at Trout for best player of their generation. Trout still has a significant lead in lifetime WAR, 85.8 to 72.2, but consider Betts’ advantages in this statistical chase:

1. He’s a year younger (Trout was born in August 1991, Betts in October 1992).

2. He’s playing at a higher level, averaging 7.8 WAR per 162 games since 2022, compared to 6.2 for Trout (we went back to 2022 to include Trout’s high rate of production that season).

3. He obviously has stayed on the field much more, playing 579 games since 2021 compared to 295 for Trout.

4. His ability to move to shortstop means he’ll continue to accumulate more defensive value.

And Betts has also been incredibly consistent in the age/WAR chart:

Through age 23: 18.1 (33rd)
Through age 26: 42.5 (21st)
Through age 29: 57.0 (28th)
Through age 31: 70.3 (24th)

Betts took a small dip through age 29 due to the COVID-shortened season and then had the worst season of his career in 2021, when he produced 4.1 WAR (still a strong season for most players), but he bounced back with 6.7, 8.6 and 4.8 WAR over the next three seasons. (That 2024 number of 4.8 WAR came in 116 games, as he sat out time because of a broken hand after getting hit by a pitch).

He’s not off to a sizzling start in 2025, but he’s still on pace for another 6-win season. If he does do that this season and next, he would be around 83 career WAR at the end of 2026, his age-33 season, which would move him into 20th in the rankings at that age — just behind where Trout sits.

There’s no guarantee how Betts will age into his late 30s, but one key attribute he has been able to maintain as he gets older is his contact ability. In fact, the lowest strikeout rates of Betts’ career have been 2024 (11.0%) and 2025 (9.2%). Trout, meanwhile, has posted his worst strikeout rates in 2023 (28.7%) and 2025 (29.8%). Those numbers point to Betts continuing to age well and post respectable offensive numbers while Trout probably will continue to post low batting averages mixed in with some home runs.

It makes Betts catching Trout feel attainable, unless Trout has a career renaissance. History might show how unlikely that is. Mantle and Ken Griffey Jr., two other all-time great center fielders, battled injuries in their 30s and were never able to reclaim their past glory. Mantle had just 11.9 WAR from age 33 on, and Griffey had just 6.4.

Where do Judge and Ohtani fit in? Back to Generation Alpha in a moment, after we look back at how the debates over past generations’ greatest players played out.

Generational breakdown

Asking “Who is the greatest player?” isn’t necessarily an easy question with a simple answer. There can be three different ways to approach this:

1. Who has the most accumulated value in this period? We’ll use WAR, as we did above with Trout and Betts.

2. Who has the highest peak level of performance over a shorter number of seasons? Trout dominated the sport for eight seasons.

3. Who is the most iconic player of this generation? That’s a fuzzier notion, but it’s more about which player will be most remembered or who best defines the particular era.

We’ll dig into all three of those for each generation. Let’s start back in 1901.

The Greatest Generation (1901-27)

Top five in WAR
Walter Johnson: 155.1
Ty Cobb: 149.4
Tris Speaker: 134.4
Babe Ruth: 133.5
Eddie Collins: 124.2

Next five: Honus Wagner (113.8), Grover Alexander (111.3), Christy Mathewson (101.1), Rogers Hornsby (100.8), Nap Lajoie: 89.3

Best peak: 1. Ruth, 1921-27 (10.3 average WAR per season); 2. Johnson, 1912-19 (11.5 average WAR per season); 3. Hornsby, 1920-25 (9.9 average WAR per season, hit .397)

Most iconic player: Ruth

This generation’s biggest debate: Cobb and the dead ball era vs. Ruth and the home run

Ruth, of course, had additional value beyond 1927 that pushed him past Cobb in career WAR. But the idea that Ruth was the superior player wasn’t necessarily the consensus view until around maybe 1960 or so — and, of course, modern metrics now clearly show Ruth as the more valuable player. In the first Hall of Fame vote in 1936, Cobb received more votes and many contemporaries appreciated him in an era of more “scientific” baseball.

“The Babe was a great ballplayer, sure, but Cobb was even greater. Babe could knock your brains out, but Cobb would drive you crazy,” said Speaker, who played against both.

The Silent Generation (1928-45)

Top five in WAR
Mel Ott: 111.8
Lefty Grove: 98.0
Lou Gehrig: 91.2
Jimmie Foxx: 90.9
Charlie Gehringer: 79.9

Next five: Arky Vaughan (75.9), Carl Hubbell (68.8), Joe Cronin (64.5), Paul Waner (62.2), Babe Ruth (58.9)

Best peak: 1. Ruth, 1928-32 (9.5 average WAR per season); 2. Gehrig, 1930-36 (8.8 average WAR per season, averaged 155 RBIs); 3. Grove, 1928-33 (8.8 average WAR per season, averaged 25 wins)

Most iconic: Ruth/Gehrig/Joe DiMaggio

This generation’s biggest debate: DiMaggio vs. Ted Williams

That’s how good Ruth was: He cracked the top 10 in career value in two different generations, including that monster five-year stretch when he hit .348/.475/.701 and topped the AL four times in WAR while averaging 47 home runs and 150 RBIs. Ott’s career perfectly overlaps with this timeline, as his first full season was as a 19-year-old with the New York Giants in 1928 and his last as a regular was in 1945. He was a truly great — and underrated — player but rarely remembered now.

But the most compelling debate kicked off near the end of this generation. DiMaggio reached the majors in 1936 and the Yankees immediately won four straight World Series and then another in 1941. Williams reached the majors in 1939 and hit .406 in 1941 — and finished second in the MVP voting to DiMaggio (who had his 56-game hitting streak that season). Who was better? Are DiMaggio’s World Series rings more impressive than Williams’ statistical superiority? The player with the record hitting streak or the last player to hit .400? The debate would continue into the early years of the next generation (Williams won the Triple Crown in 1947, but DiMaggio again won MVP honors).

Baby Boomers (1946-64)

Top five in WAR
Willie Mays: 108.9
Stan Musial: 104.1
Mickey Mantle: 98.4
Warren Spahn: 92.5
Ted Williams: 87.7

Next five: Eddie Mathews (85.9), Henry Aaron (80.8), Robin Roberts (80.6), Duke Snider (65.9), Richie Ashburn (64.3)

Best peak: 1. Mays, 1954-64 (9.4 average WAR per season for over a decade); 2. Mantle, 1955-58 (10.2 average WAR per season); 3. Williams, 1946-1949 (9.4 average WAR per season)

Most iconic: Mantle

This generation’s biggest debate: Mays vs. Mantle

Mays over Musial and Mantle as the best player of the Baby Boomer generation isn’t a slam dunk. Musial gets two of his three MVP awards in this time frame and Mantle gets all three of his; Mays won only one (with his second coming in 1965). Musial also finished second in the MVP voting four times and had a slew of other top-10 finishes (as did Mays, of course). At his best, Mantle was a better hitter than Mays:

Mantle, 1954-64: .312/.440/.605, 397 HRs, 185 OPS+, 622 batting runs above average

Mays, 1954-64: .318/.392/.601, 429 HRs, 166 OPS+, 561 batting runs above average

As for iconic, it’s Mantle over Mays, Musial and Williams with Jackie Robinson deserving an honorable mention as a different sort of icon. Musial might have been the most popular player across the sport at the time. Mantle was in the World Series almost every year with the Yankees, won seven of them, and even now, his baseball cards still carry the ultimate premium. Ask any Baby Boomer: The Yankees defined the 1950s and Mantle defined the Yankees.

Generation X (1965-80)

Top five in WAR
Joe Morgan: 88.8
Tom Seaver: 88.8
Gaylord Perry: 84.0
Phil Niekro: 82.5
Carl Yastrzemski: 80.3

Next five: Ferguson Jenkins (78.2), Pete Rose (76.7), Johnny Bench (72.9), Reggie Jackson (70.0), Rod Carew (69.8)

Best peak: 1. Morgan, 1972-76 (9.6 average WAR per season); 2. Bob Gibson, 1965-70 (7.6 average WAR per season, led all players in WAR 1968, 1969 and 1970); 3. Mike Schmidt, 1974-80 (8.2 average WAR per season)

Most iconic: Rose or Reggie … or Nolan Ryan?

This generation’s biggest debate: Rose or Reggie … or Nolan Ryan?

This generation shows how peak value can cement a player’s legacy. Gibson didn’t have the career value of fellow pitchers Perry or Niekro, but his legacy is much stronger. In fact, that five-year peak would be even higher except he broke his leg in 1967, only to return and win three games in the World Series.

The most iconic debate is the interesting one. Throughout the 1970s, Rose and Reggie were the towering figures in the game — Charlie Hustle and Mr. October. They weren’t the best players, but Rose was the most popular, Jackson more controversial. Even Rose’s recent reinstatement shows how he continues to impact the headlines, even in death. Ryan would be a late entry to the icon discussion. He didn’t really become an iconic figure until late in his career with the Texas Rangers in the late 1980s and early 1990s — when he kept racking up no-hitters and strikeouts deep into his 40s — but he now possesses a larger-than-life persona that might even exceed Rose and Jackson.

Millennials (1981-96)

Top five in WAR
Rickey Henderson: 95.7
Cal Ripken: 88.8
Wade Boggs: 88.2
Barry Bonds: 83.6
Roger Clemens: 80.8

Next five: Ryne Sandberg (67.1), Ozzie Smith (66.9), Tim Raines (66.5), Lou Whitaker (65.1), Alan Trammell (63.0)

Best peak: 1. Bonds, 1990-96 (8.6 average WAR per season, three MVP awards); 2. Greg Maddux, 1992-96 (8.1 average WAR per season, four Cy Young Awards); 3. Roger Clemens, 1986-92 (8.3 average WAR per season, three Cy Youngs)

Most iconic: Ken Griffey Jr.

This generation’s biggest debate: Bonds vs. Griffey

Look … even pre-alleged-PED Bonds was a better player than Griffey. Bonds’ 1993 season, right before the offensive explosion across the sport, was a season for the ages: .336/.458/.677, 9.9 WAR. He had an OPS+ of 206; from 1962 through 1993, only four players had an OPS+ over 200: Willie McCovey in 1969, George Brett in 1980 and Bonds in 1992 and ’93.

From 1991 to 1998, Griffey’s peak, he averaged 7.2 WAR per season and led AL position players three times in WAR. From 1990 to 1998, Bonds averaged 8.5 WAR and led NL position players seven times in WAR. Bonds got on base more and was the better base stealer, and though he didn’t play center field, he was a spectacular left fielder (especially earlier in his career with the Pittsburgh Pirates). In those pre-WAR days, the debate was a lot more hotly contested and Griffey was generally regarded as the better player.

But most iconic? The Kid in a landslide.

Generation Z (1997-2012)

Top five in WAR
Alex Rodriguez: 107.0
Albert Pujols: 91.5
Barry Bonds: 79.1
Chipper Jones: 76.2
Randy Johnson: 74.1

Next five: Pedro Martinez (71.6), Scott Rolen (70.4), Derek Jeter (69.9), Roy Halladay (66.5), Carlos Beltran (65.5)

Best peak: 1. Bonds, 2000-04 (10.2 average WAR per season, four MVP awards); 2. Johnson, 1999-2002 (9.5 average WAR per season, four straight Cy Young Awards, averaged 354 strikeouts); 3. Martinez, 1997-2000 (9.4 average WAR per season, 2.16 ERA)

Most iconic: Jeter

This generation’s biggest debate: Jeter vs. A-Rod

This era might top the others in terms of peak performances. We could have also listed Rodriguez, who averaged 8.3 WAR and 46 home runs from 1998 to 2005 (and that doesn’t include 9.4 WAR seasons in 1996 and 2007). Or Pujols, who had seven consecutive 8-plus WAR seasons from 2003 to 2009. Or Mark McGwire’s four-year run from 1996 to 1999, when he averaged 61 home runs. Or Sammy Sosa averaging 58 home runs in a five-year span. Or Ichiro Suzuki’s incredible 10 consecutive seasons with 200 hits.

But the Jeter/A-Rod debate takes in everything about this complicated era. In the end, Rodriguez had the numbers and Jeter had the rings and the fist pumps from the top step of the dugout.

Generation Alpha (2010-25)

Top five in WAR
Mike Trout: 85.8
Mookie Betts: 72.2
Max Scherzer: 71.9
Clayton Kershaw: 70.1
Justin Verlander: 65.8

Next five: Paul Goldschmidt (63.9), Freddie Freeman (62.7), Manny Machado (59.1), Nolan Arenado (57.4), Aaron Judge (56.4)

Best peak: 1. Trout, 2012-19 (9.0 average WAR per season); 2. Shohei Ohtani (2021-??); 3. Aaron Judge (2022-??)

Most iconic: Umm …

Now we get back to Generation Alpha. There seems to be some disagreement on when it begins — maybe it’s 2010, maybe 2012 or 2013. And maybe it ends in 2025 or 2027. But for this exercise, we started in 2010, which is convenient when discussing Trout and Betts since their entire careers encompass this time frame.

Trout, even sitting out all that time in recent seasons, holds the lead in career WAR. What’s interesting is he’s not yet at 400 home runs, 1,000 RBIs or close to 2,000 hits, so his career counting totals lag behind players with similar WAR.

His value at his peak was posting high on-base percentages and high slugging percentages in the 2010s, when offense was somewhat down for much of the decade. His career wRC+, which makes those era-related adjustments, is 168, seventh all-time behind Ruth, Williams, Bonds, Gehrig, Hornsby and Mantle. That’s with a cutoff of 5,000 plate appearances. If we lower it to 4,500 plate appearances, Judge comes in third behind Ruth and Williams.

Ahh, yes, Judge and Ohtani. Both are close to Trout and Betts in age (Judge is only a few months younger than Trout, and Ohtani was born in 1994, making him three years younger). Neither made their debut until halfway through this generation and are thus currently significantly behind in career value — Judge is at 56.4, Ohtani at 46.4. Both are accumulating it at Secretariat-like speed, but even if we extend this generational period a few more years, they won’t catch Trout or even Betts in WAR within the time frame.

But most iconic? That’s a debate. Trout, despite the MVP honors, has one postseason appearance way back in 2014, a bunch of losing seasons on a franchise that failed to build around him, and — fair or not — never had that undefinable “it’ factor the way Griffey did.

Maybe the most iconic is Judge, although he has never won a World Series either, struggled for the most part in his playoff appearances and his peak seasons are, for now, limited to 2017, 2022, 2024 and 2025. Still, he seems to be improving at 33 years old; who knows how many more historic seasons he still has in him. Maybe it will be Ohtani, who is now in the fifth season of his unicorn status. He has pitched in three of those seasons, had the first 50/50 season in 2024 that earned him his third MVP award and now he’s maybe on his way to a fourth MVP, especially if he returns to pitching later this season, which is still the plan.

Or maybe it’s even Betts. He has played for two of the sport’s glamour franchises: the Boston Red Sox and Los Angeles Dodgers. He has won an MVP, six Gold Gloves and seven Silver Sluggers. He’s also won three World Series titles — and is still going strong. He’s like Jeter in that he’ll do whatever it takes to win, like moving from the outfield to second base or shortstop (and he already has more career WAR than Jeter).

The answer? Well, the answer is we still have a lot of baseball for these guys to play — and that makes us all fortunate baseball fans.

Hot on the heels of Congress illegally attacking clean air, a coalition of 11 states has launched an Affordable Clean Cars Coalition to expand access to clean cars even as the federal government tries to raise costs for Americans and drag down the US auto industry during the all-important transition to EVs.

The coalition has been in the works for some time now, but official announcement couldn’t come at a better time.

Just yesterday, Congressional republicans moved on two separate efforts to increase pollution and harm the US auto industry, both by illegally voting to rescind a waiver they don’t have the authority to rescind and voting to send US EV jobs to China and give trillions of dollars to wealthy elites instead.

The new coalition includes 11 states whose governors want to protect their residents from these attacks, and to keep pushing forward on clean cars.

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Here’s the list of governors:

• Gavin Newsom, California
• Jared Polis, Colorado
• Matt Meyer, Delaware
• Maura Healey, Massachusetts
• Wes Moore, Maryland
• Phil Murphy, New Jersey
• Michelle Lujan Grisham, New Mexico
• Kathy Hochul, New York
• Tina Kotek, Oregon
• Dan McKee, Rhode Island
• Bob Ferguson, Washington

The coalition represents over 100 million Americans and around 30% of the US car market. It’s a subset of the 24 states in the US Climate Alliance, a bipartisan coalition of 24 governors that represents ~60% of the US economy and 55% of the US population.

The US Climate Alliance has worked on several initiatives, including on cleaner construction materials, modernized grids, and of course clean cars.

The governors in the new Clean Cars Coalition closely (but not exactly) track the group of “section 177” states which follow California Air Resources Board’s clean air rules.

Section 177 is the portion of the federal Clean Air Act which allows California to ask for a waiver to set its own emissions rules, as long as those rules are stronger than federal rules, and lets other states follow the same rules, as long as they follow California’s rules exactly.

Not every state follows every rule, and each individual rule has somewhere around 10-12 states that follow it. Each of the states involved in today’s effort are section 177 states, but not every section 177 state is represented in this coalition.

States participating in the Affordable Clean Cars Coalition will collaborate to: 

• Develop solutions that make cleaner vehicles more affordable and accessible to all Americans who want them, including by reducing cost barriers, increasing availability of options, and expanding accessible charging and fueling infrastructure at home and in our communities. 
• Continue making progress toward the goals of states’ clean vehicle programs. 
• Defend longstanding authority under the Clean Air Act for states to adopt transportation solutions that best meet their needs and most effectively support their families and communities. 
• Explore opportunities to develop and adopt next-generation standards and programs to further reduce vehicle pollution, as permitted under the Clean Air Act or otherwise, such as solutions that increase consumer access to cleaner cars and low-carbon fuels.
• Collaborate with one another, share evidence-based practices, engage experts, and develop solutions that can be shared across state lines and eventually scaled by the federal government. 
• Foster meaningful engagement with manufacturers, suppliers, dealers, labor unions, business associations, utilities, community-based organizations, charging and fueling infrastructure providers, and others in developing and successfully implementing state transportation solutions. 
• Prioritize efforts that bolster America’s ability to compete and innovate in a growing global market.

Electrek’s Take

Today’s coalition is a similar effort to that which came out of the last time the federal government tried to force dirty air on states.

In fact, the US Climate Alliance was originally formed in 2017, in response to former reality TV host Donald Trump declaring that the US should pull out of the Paris Agreement (which Tesla CEO Elon Musk opposed at the time, but now relishes his chance to be “not good for America or the world“).

Mr. Trump also tried to attack California’s clean air rules many times the first time he squatted in the Oval Office (after losing the 2016 election by 3 million votes), but through a combination of being both morally and legally correct, California eventually won that fight.

Along the way, coalition-building like today’s made it clear who the eventual winner would be. California negotiated a clean car deal on its own with automakers, and several states took California’s side in a lawsuit against republican big government overreach. California even made international agreements and went to international climate conferences in the US’ stead, as Mr. Trump committed itself to diminishing the US on the international stage.

This time, the story looks like it’s starting to play out similarly. And since the players are the same (though some, somehow, are even stupider), and the importance and dominance of electric cars is more apparent now than ever, I wouldn’t bet on the outcome being all that different.

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PITTSBURGH — The Pirates are reeling, and just about everything is on the table for a last-place team that has already fired its manager and packed a half-decade’s worth of public relations missteps into two months.

Well, except for one thing: trading ace Paul Skenes.

Asked Thursday if flipping the reigning National League Rookie of the Year is a consideration for a club woefully lacking in impactful position-player prospects, general manager Ben Cherington gave an atypically brief response.

“No, it’s not part of the conversation at all,” Cherington said flatly.

Pittsburgh is already 11½ games out of a playoff position, thanks in large part to an offense that ranks last or next-to-last in nearly every major category, from runs, slugging percentage and OPS (all 30th) to home runs and batting average (both 29th).

The Pirates at least showed a small flicker of life at the plate in an 8-5 loss to the Milwaukee Brewers a few hours after Cherington spoke, scoring five runs for the first time in 27 games. Their 26-game streak of four runs or fewer tied a major league record set by four other teams, most recently the then-California Angels in 1969.

Yet it was telling that Pittsburgh also left 10 runners on base, typical of a season in which the Pirates have consistently been unable to take advantage of the few opportunities they create.

It’s not exactly what the team had in mind during spring training, when everyone from Cherington to Skenes to manager Derek Shelton — who was jettisoned two weeks ago and replaced by Don Kelly — talked about the need for Pittsburgh to take another step forward after consecutive 76-86 seasons.

Instead, the Pirates have been stuck in reverse from Opening Day, even when Skenes starts. Pittsburgh is 3-5 in his eight starts, the latest loss a 1-0 setback in Philadelphia on Sunday in which Skenes limited the Phillies to three hits while throwing the first complete game of his career.

Skenes, who turns 23 next week, has been all-in on the Pirates since being called up a year ago. He is also under team control for the rest of the decade and won’t become arbitration-eligible until after 2026, making his current deal one of the biggest bargains in the majors.

Though Pittsburgh has locked down players such as two-time All-Star outfielder Bryan Reynolds and third baseman Ke’Bryan Hayes to long-term deals, those contracts are a pittance by MLB standards compared to what Skenes might command one day should his career continue on its current trajectory.

The Pirates are perennially one of the most frugal teams in the majors. Their payroll to start the season was just under $88 million. Only the Chicago White Sox, Tampa Bay Rays, Athletics and Miami Marlins spent less.

Even so, Pittsburgh has received little return on its investment. Though the bullpen has been a bit of a mess, the starting rotation has been solid. Skenes (2.44), Mitch Keller (3.88), Andrew Heaney (2.91) and Bailey Falter (3.50) all have ERAs under 4.00, yet they also have a combined record of 10-17.

The issue has been a punchless lineup that is largely nondescript beyond Reynolds, franchise icon Andrew McCutchen and center fielder Oneil Cruz.

Yet it’s telling that while Pittsburgh has one of the deeper pools of pitching prospects — a list that includes hard-throwing 22-year-old Bubba Chandler and Mike Burrows, who took the loss in his first major league start Thursday after going 2-1 with a 2.71 ERA for Triple-A Indianapolis — the cupboard of homegrown position players who are on the cusp of the majors remains pretty bare five-plus years into Cherington’s tenure.

Catcher Henry Davis, the top pick in the 2021 draft, remains a work in progress nearly two full years after his major league debut. Second baseman Nick Gonzales, a first-rounder in 2020, is recovering from an ankle injury and has yet to establish himself as an everyday player. Former first-round picks Termarr Johnson (2022) and Konnor Griffin (2024) are still years away.

So far, the only call-ups from Triple-A have been mostly injury-related, not performance-related.

“We want guys from Triple-A to pound the door down,” Cherington said. “That would be good. I still think that can happen this year. We want more of it over time. … Everybody knows we’ve got to score more runs. That’s not going to happen just by saying it and hoping for it. You’ve got to do the work to do it.”

Cherington said he remains optimistic that the major league team will start to turn the corner over the final 110 or so games, and he is certain Skenes will be a part of it no matter which way it goes.

“We’ve just got to get better,” Cherington said. “Let’s play better baseball, and that’s going to lead to winning more games. Then, let’s wake up and see where that takes us when we get to July.”