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We’re about halfway through winter and the top free agents have signed, meaning it’s time to look ahead toward the start of the 2023 season.

Where does every team stand heading into spring training? Despite not being at the center of this year’s free agency, are the reigning World Series champions atop our rankings? Did the Mets’ and Padres’ offseason acquisitions help push them to the No. 1 spot? And where do Aaron Judge and the Yankees sit?

Our expert panel has combined to rank every team in baseball based on a combination of last year’s performances and what we’ve seen this offseason. We also asked ESPN MLB experts David Schoenfield, Bradford Doolittle, Alden Gonzalez and Buster Olney to weigh in with the biggest question for all 30 teams.

Ranking all 30 teams following free agency frenzy


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 2

The Astros remain a solid member of baseball’s upper crust, but after a winter in which a number of recognizable and aging players departed only to be replaced by a small group of free agents who are just as old, you wonder if this offseason will come back to haunt the champs. The pitching depth, even with the loss of Justin Verlander, is tremendous. And the cornerstones of the lineup are elite. But you wonder if a James Click front office would have been engaged in a much different approach in rechanneling the payroll space opened up by the exits of Verlander, Yuli Gurriel and others. The initial forecasts see a slight step back for the Astros, though they remain in the thick of the World Series race. The forecasts might well be wrong but the thing is, it’s been a while since there have been these kinds of questions about the Astros. — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 4

While the Mets spent the offseason flashing their wallet, the Braves aim for a sixth straight National League East title. The biggest move was acquiring catcher Sean Murphy from the A’s and, as the Braves do better than any other club, immediately signing him to a six-year extension to give them a long-term answer behind the plate. He’s a strong two-way performer and a big defensive upgrade over Travis d’Arnaud (who is still with the team) and William Contreras (who went to the Brewers in the three-way trade for Murphy). They lost Dansby Swanson in free agency but appear confident that Orlando Arcia and/or Vaughn Grissom can replace him at shortstop. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 5

They won baseball’s best division — the American League East — with relative ease, re-signed reigning AL MVP Judge to a huge contract and landed one of the best free agent starting pitchers in Carlos Rodon — and yet the Yankees were one of the most scrutinized teams in the offseason. Welcome to life in the big city.

It is unusual that a team with an enormous payroll faces a major question in a key spot, but as spring training nears, it’s unclear who will be the Yankees’ shortstop in 2023. Maybe it’ll be Isiah Kiner-Falefa, who faded defensively and was benched in the midst of the postseason. However, the Yankees would love for one of their top prospects, Anthony Volpe or Oswald Peraza, to win the job in camp or early in the regular season. — Olney


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 3

It’s been a whirlwind offseason for the Mets, from signing Verlander to not signing Jacob deGrom to signing and not signing Carlos Correa. Even without Correa, repeating last year’s 101 wins is in play — especially if Verlander can give them 30 starts compared to the 11 deGrom gave. They should get more offense from catcher with the additions of Omar Narvaez and rookie Francisco Alvarez and the bullpen added Brooks Raley and David Robertson on top of re-signing Edwin Diaz and Adam Ottavino. The Mets will own the highest payroll in history and will rely heavily on the 40-year Verlander and 38-year-old Max Scherzer, but it’s World Series or bust for the 2023 Mets. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 10

Shortstop was the last position the Padres needed to address this winter and yet it’s the one they splurged on, committing $280 million to Xander Bogaerts. Top to bottom, the Padres might be the most talented team in the sport. But how is it all going to work?

Fernando Tatis Jr., coming off a lost 2022 that began with a wrist injury and ended with a PED-related suspension, will suddenly have to adjust to the outfield on a full-time basis. Ha-seong Kim, a Gold Glove-caliber shortstop last season, will probably move to second base, with Jake Cronenworth shifting over to first. These are not insignificant transitions — but they are also first-class problems. After Tatis serves the remaining 20 games of his suspension, he’ll join a top half of the lineup that will also boast Bogaerts, Manny Machado and Juan Soto. It’s crazy just to type that. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 1

The Dodgers’ lineup has been deep, decorated and flat-out overwhelming in recent years. But now — on paper, at least — it feels relatively lacking, with Trea Turner and Cody Bellinger gone and not necessarily replaced. The Dodgers essentially swapped Justin Turner for J.D. Martinez, the latter of whom will absorb most of the playing time at designated hitter. But it looks like they will fill most of their remaining holes internally.

Center field and left field are a major question, and three of the infield spots — second base, third base and shortstop — will be filled by the foursome of Gavin Lux, Max Muncy, Miguel Vargas and the recently added Miguel Rojas. Will infield defense be a problem, particularly in a year with shift restrictions? And will their promising crop of young players be good enough to make up for major losses? — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 7

The Rangers augmented their rotation this winter, the Mets revamped their bullpen and the Cubs improved their defense. But the Blue Jays may have made the most meaningful unit change with the way they added balance to a lineup that has been stacked with right-handed hitters in recent years.

Toronto added three experienced left-handed hitters — trading for outfielder Daulton Varsho, who likely will hit in the middle of the batting order, and signing Brandon Belt and Kevin Kiermaier. No team faced more unfavorable platoon matchups than the Blue Jays last year, as opposing managers stacked up right-handed pitching against Toronto’s lineup, making life more difficult for Vladimir Guerrero Jr., Bo Bichette, et al. The new lefties should help the Blue Jays’ offense significantly, particularly if Belt and Kiermaier can stay healthy. — Olney


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 11

As good as the Phillies looked in October, they were a team that finished 14 games behind the Braves and Mets and barely made the playoffs by one win over the Brewers. Now, they will be without Bryce Harper for several months as he recovers from elbow surgery. Signing superstar shortstop Turner will help bridge that gap and they’re gambling on veteran closer Craig Kimbrel and hard-throwing but wild lefty Gregory Soto to bring more bullpen depth. The key: The Phillies went 13-25 against the Braves and Mets last year. The new balanced schedule means they will play just 26 games against those two clubs instead of 38, but they will need to beat their rivals to improve on last year’s 87-75 record. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 9

The Rays have one of the smallest margins for error in MLB, given their low payroll, so they will need their highest-paid players to perform. This is why they will need a big rebound from Wander Franco, in whom they made the most significant investment in franchise history. Franco played in just 83 games last year because of injuries, posting an OBP of .328 and scoring just 46 runs. This winter, Franco has been working on his flexibility, on getting leaner.

“He looks great,” Rays manager Kevin Cash said recently. “If we can keep him healthy, I’m confident that we will see the player we all know he can be. He seems very motivated and excited to get going.” — Olney


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 12

Mariners fans are frustrated with an offseason that has seen them make trades for right fielder Teoscar Hernandez and second baseman Kolten Wong and sign AJ Pollock as a platoon/bat depth piece for the outfield and DH, but lacking in a big, splashy move. The payroll does project to be a franchise record but only slightly higher than it was in the 2016 to 2018 era. It will also be interesting to see how the defense plays out: Shortstop J.P. Crawford and Wong are former Gold Glove winners but both had poor defensive metrics in 2022 and Hernandez, while athletic, is a below-average outfielder. On the bright side: We get to see Year 2 of Julio Rodriguez as the Mariners go for a second straight playoff appearance. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 6

The Cardinals gained significantly more offense behind the plate — though they might have sacrificed nearly as much defense — by replacing the retired Yadier Molina with free agent catcher Willson Contreras. With Contreras, Paul Goldschmidt and Nolan Arenado anchoring the middle of the lineup, the Cardinals’ offense looks solid heading into 2023. But it’s their starting pitching that might determine whether they win a relatively weak NL Central for a second consecutive year. Adam Wainwright is 41, Jack Flaherty is now four years removed from his time as an ace and the fifth spot in the rotation is a question. The Cardinals could stand to add another starter — and they might be able to use their outfield depth to access one via trade. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 8

There isn’t a whole lot to be wringing your hands about when it comes to the Guardians. Yeah, maybe they could have been a little more aggressive when it comes to filling out the handful of needs their young but already accomplished roster needed. They needed a first base/DH bat and Josh Bell fits the bill, but could they have made a bigger splash with a bigger investment? And at catcher, the Guardians were linked to the Murphy sweepstakes and ended up with Mike Zunino. Still, Cleveland has emerged as a clear-cut favorite to repeat in its division, and given that a roster so young should get better simply because that’s what good young players tend to do, you’d have to dig deep to be worried about the Guardians. — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 13

Maybe Seattle simply wasn’t a good fit for Jesse Winker. Maybe going from one of the sport’s most hitter-friendly ballparks to one of the least played a factor. Whatever the reason, Winker struggled mightily offensively last season. He produced an .888 OPS through a 413-game sample while with the Reds from 2017 to 2021 — punctuated by a .949 mark in the final year — but contributed only a .688 OPS in his first and only year with the Mariners in 2022. That’s a 200-point drop-off. Now the Brewers are hoping they can recapture his greatness. They parted with second baseman Wong in early December in order to buy low on Winker. And if Winker, 29, can get back on track, the Brewers might challenge for a division title. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 18

Can the Twins get on the right side of Eir? Allow us to explain: Among other things, Eir is the Norse goddess of healing. Minnesota has a lot of folks with Scandinavian ancestry, though we are awaiting the research on how many current day Minnesotans are active followers of Eir.

Anyway, the Twins have a number of impact performers who could help put the ballclub over the top in 2023 if only they can hit the outer range of their playing time forecasts. In other words, if Eir looks kindly upon this version of the Twins, it’s a roster with a lot of possibility. This dynamic has marked the Twins in recent years and figures to be an ongoing organizational trait after the cyclonic offseason tete-a-tete with Correa. But it goes well beyond Correa, or even scintillating but fragile centerfielder Byron Buxton. It extends to Kenta Maeda, Chris Paddack, Royce Lewis and Alex Kirilloff. The talent is exciting. Eir, are you paying attention? — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 16

Is there enough positive regression on the roster to merit optimism that Chicago can rebound from a disappointing 2022? We only ask because the White Sox’s offseason mostly looks like treadmill exercise. They added some players and lost others and from a forecast standpoint, it kind of all washes out and leaves the White Sox where they started, with what looks like a .500-ish baseline. Most of the same issues with last year’s roster remain even if some of the names have changed, not the least of which is the manager, now Pedro Grifol.

The biggest hope for a rebound is for those who underachieved in 2021 to snap back to their previous trajectory, perhaps with the new coaching staff guiding the way. The list of possible bounce-backs is long: Lucas Giolito, Tim Anderson, Luis Robert, Yoan Moncada and Yasmani Grandal, among others. It can happen, but when a team takes a step back during a stretch of seasons in which it is supposed to be contending, a talent infusion isn’t the worst idea. — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 20

Despite a potential change in ownership, the Angels have acted aggressively this offseason, spending a combined $90 million or so on six new players (two of whom were acquired via trade). They weren’t necessarily huge additions, but they helped the front office make major strides toward its primary goal of deepening the depth of the 40-man roster. Injuries have debilitated the Angels in recent years, more so than most teams. Their roster was too top-heavy — but that is no longer the case.

Now the question is whether what’s been done is enough, and whether they will finally field a team capable of getting Mike Trout and Shohei Ohtani into the playoffs. The Angels are betting that those two, along with a healthy Anthony Rendon, an underrated starting rotation and a deeper position-player group will at least keep them relevant in September. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 21

Will the system produce? Can the revamped front office build depth and a contention-worthy bullpen? Two expensive offseasons have the Rangers in the range of playoff contention, though they don’t look like an elite squad just yet. But with the improvements in their rotation and last year’s splurge for Corey Seager and Marcus Semien, among others, it is hard to envision Texas spending its way from an 83- to 85-win baseline to upper-level contention. Getting there will come down to finding players to contribute from roster spots 12 through 40, players who typically come from internal development, scouting and canny acquisitions. That assumes, of course, that the free agents prove worthy of the Rangers’ investment. Even if they do, there is plenty of work left to be done. — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 14

Shortly after the Orioles unloaded money at the trade deadline, rather than add to a team that was in the playoff hunt, the club’s leadership suggested there would be a significant upgrade of the payroll in 2023. But Baltimore effectively bypassed the free agent market — its only signings were veterans on one-year deals, most notably pitcher Kyle Gibson and Adam Frazier. So if the Orioles are to improve upon their 83-win performance and make the playoffs this season, it will be because of the continued growth of their best young players. Adley Rutschman is already in the conversation for being the best catcher in baseball, and Gunnar Henderson is probably the favorite to win the AL Rookie of the Year award. — Olney


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 17

The Red Sox have reached a crossroads season that might lead them in one of two distinct directions. If they exceed expectations — let’s say they make the playoffs — then this will buy time for chief baseball officer Chaim Bloom to improve the roster and organization. But if the team struggles — Boston looks like the fourth- or fifth-best team in the division on paper — the calls from the Red Sox fan base for significant change will grow louder and angrier. The front office bet heavily in the offseason that an improved bullpen will make a significant difference in 2023, with Kenley Jansen taking over as closer. The Red Sox ranked 27th in bullpen WAR last season, with Boston relievers posting a 4.59 ERA. — Olney


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 19

They’re in a tough division, of course, but Arizona’s future nonetheless seems promising, with several talented young players — Corbin Carroll, Alek Thomas, Geraldo Perdomo and Gabriel Moreno on the position-player side, along with Brandon Pfaadt, Ryne Nelson, Drey Jameson on the pitching side — who will be ready to contribute in 2023. The D-backs acquired some veteran pieces this offseason, adding Lourdes Gurriel Jr., Kyle Lewis and Evan Longoria to a lineup that should be better. But their big question — When can they legitimately contend? — will be answered by the development of the aforementioned young players. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 22

The Cubs are sort of, kind of, half-heartedly making a push for bigger things in 2023. They signed Swanson for $177 million, hoping he can come close to replicating his career season he had with the Braves. Another 5.7-WAR season is optimistic, but Swanson and Nico Hoerner will at least give the Cubs elite middle infield defense and solid offense.

The additions of Bellinger, Eric Hosmer and Trey Mancini are less inspiring. Bellinger provides good defense, but he hasn’t hit the past two seasons, including .210/.265/.389 in 2022 with a strikeout rate 11% higher than his 2019 MVP season. Jameson Taillon is the big add to the pitching staff and with Justin Steele‘s breakout and Hayden Wesneski‘s late-season performance, there is a scenario where the rotation pitches the Cubs into the postseason in a weak division. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 15

The prevailing question surrounding the Giants seems obvious: Where, exactly, are they headed? They began this offseason in pursuit of a star, the type of player they can build their franchise around. But they missed out on Judge, couldn’t agree with Correa and instead made moves along the margins once again, adding a couple of outfielders (Mitch Haniger and Michael Conforto) and a trio of pitchers (Sean Manaea, Ross Stripling and lefty reliever Taylor Rogers). The Giants don’t seem anywhere near the Padres or the Dodgers at the moment, but they also have a mid-tier farm system. Just two years removed from a shocking 107-win season, they suddenly look like a team without clear direction. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 23

Don Mattingly is gone after seven seasons and one playoff appearance in the shortened 2020 season, with Cardinals bench coach Skip Schumaker hired as the new manager. Indeed, the Marlins haven’t finished over .500 in a full season since 2009 or made the playoffs since 2003. But, hey, their 93 losses were the fewest in a full season since 2017. So … progress? Adding veterans Jean Segura and Johnny Cueto hardly moves the needle, but there is hope for a dominant rotation with full seasons from Jesus Luzardo and Edward Cabrera and a bounce-back from Trevor Rogers alongside Cy Young winner Sandy Alcantara. Fellow starter Pablo Lopez appears to be on the trade block for an outfield bat. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 28

Andrew McCutchen and Carlos Santana would be a great pair for the middle of the lineup — in 2013. A decade later, former NL MVP McCutchen returns to Pittsburgh at age 36 while 37-year-old Santana gives the club a 1B/DH option along with Ji-Man Choi. Oh, they also signed Rich Hill, who turns 43 in March. Sentiment notwithstanding, does any of this excite you? I guess it’s something. Perhaps some “how to do things the right way” insight from the wise veterans will rub off on some of the younger players, and it’s worth noting that McCutchen, Santana and Choi are all disciplined hitters. Pay attention, Oneil Cruz. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 25

What exactly is the plan for the rotation? The Royals signed a pair of veterans in free agency this year. One, righty Jordan Lyles, has a composite ERA+ of 89 over the past five seasons. The other, lefty Ryan Yarbrough, is at 94. For those not familiar, ERA+ is an indexed, park-adjusted version of ERA housed at baseball-reference.com in which 100 represents league average. League average, in theory, translates to 81-81 if all of your players are at that level. If they are below that level, then you aren’t really winning games, or at least not enough to contend or earn the interest of your fan base.

Both of the new pitchers are over 30 and their performances are well-established. They can eat innings but what really would be the point if the innings consist of a large quantity of below-average production? — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 24

The Rockies play half their games in the sport’s most favorable hitting environment and yet their team OPS has been exactly league average — .721 — since the start of the 2020 season. Kris Bryant, signed to a seven-year, $182 million contract last March that surprised a lot of people, was brought in to help fix that. He contributed an .851 OPS in his first season, but a troublesome back and a bout with plantar fasciitis limited him to 42 games. He’s 31 now, and the question is whether Bryant can stay healthy enough to play like a perennial All-Star in Colorado. This franchise can’t really move forward if Bryant doesn’t perform to the level of his contract. — Gonzalez


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 27

The Tigers finally decided to change the dimensions of Comerica Park, pulling in the fence in center field and lowering the height of the barrier in places. In doing so, they finally succumbed to years and years of whining from various power hitters who have come through Detroit over the years. This move has been a long time coming, so it’s not a knee-jerk reaction to the 2023 season — the considerations to make the changes are about the long run. But since we’re looking at next season, you wonder if the short-term effects could be ugly or, at the very least, work against the home team. The combination of factors behind this concern: Detroit’s starting staff is light on strikeouts and potentially heavy on long flies and is paired with a lineup that isn’t likely to rank high in homers, no matter where they play. — Doolittle


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 29

Since the start of last season, the A’s have unloaded Frankie Montas, Elvis Andrus and Murphy, completing the mass roster — and now, it’s unclear when the franchise will be competitively relevant again. Their big move this offseason was the signing of utility men Aledmys Diaz and Jace Peterson to two-year contracts. The highest-paid player on the Oakland roster is reliever Trevor May, who will make $7 million in 2023 — or about what Verlander and Scherzer will each make in April. The AL West figures to be one of baseball’s most competitive divisions, with the Rangers and Angels earnestly working to upgrade their rosters enough to challenge the Astros and Mariners. All of those teams will feast on the Athletics in 2023. — Olney


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 30

Were the Nationals terrible in 2022? Yes. Will they be bad in 2023? Almost certainly. The Nationals added some depth pieces in Dominic Smith, Jeimer Candelario and Corey Dickerson, guys who have produced in the past but not in 2022. The season, however, is about the development of the young players they hope turn into a core to build around: CJ Abrams, Keibert Ruiz, Luis Garcia, Cade Cavalli, MacKenzie Gore and Josiah Gray. — Schoenfield


Final 2022 regular-season ranking: 26

How different will the Reds look from Opening Day to the end of the season? This very much looks like another transitional season for the Reds, who carry one of the worst 2023 forecasts as we head toward the backstretch of the hot stove part of the calendar. But that’s not to say that the looming season won’t provide things to look forward to for the Cincinnati faithful.

There is a young 1-2-3 rotation of Hunter Greene, Nick Lodolo and Graham Ashcraft. There is a plethora of exciting middle infielders, from Jose Barrero to Elly De La Cruz and others. The Reds aren’t likely to be good this season but they might well have some key components of the next Cincinnati team that will be good. How many of those players will be in place by the end of the coming season? — Doolittle

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News or noise? Orioles move in fences, Yankees protect Caleb Durbin

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News or noise?  Orioles move in fences, Yankees protect Caleb Durbin

It’s November and the fantasy baseball offseason is, pardon the pun, in full swing. Right now, most sports fans are devoting the majority of their attention to the NFL, NBA and NHL, where the games (both real and fantasy) take center stage — and understandably so.

So, perhaps you’re only hearing about the latest baseball buzz in passing, if at all. That’s perfectly fine. We’re paying attention to what’s going on and are here to let you know about the top stories of the past week. Are they something you need to file away for Draft Day or are they likely to have little impact when all is said and done?

Read on and find out whether these breaking developments are truly news or if they’re just noise.


Baltimore Orioles adjust left field fences for 2025

The Orioles did their pitchers a favor entering the 2022 season when they moved the left field fences back further and higher, seeking a more balanced hitting environment. It worked, but perhaps too well. Camden Yards ceased being among the friendliest places to hit a baseball, though some wondered if the team went too far. This week, the Orioles announced the fences will be moved in — perhaps as much as 20 feet in some areas — and lowered in height.

Precise changes have not been made clear. Still, for Baltimore’s right-handed pull hitters, especially 1B Ryan Mountcastle (who has lost 11 home runs to the adjusted LF fence over the past three seasons), 3B/1B Coby Mayo and others, this should matter. Mountcastle smacked 33 homers in 2021, but he has averaged only 18 per season since then. Don’t assume he returns to hitting 30 homers and don’t make him a top-100 fantasy pick, but do consider the changes for his ilk — and Orioles pitchers — on draft day.

Fantasy impact: News


New York Yankees add 2B/3B Caleb Durbin to 40-man roster

Organizations revised their rosters this week to protect eligible minor leaguers from the upcoming Rule 5 draft. Durbin, who hit .312/.427/.548 in the recently completed Arizona Fall League while compiling a record 29 stolen bases in 24 games, is a name fantasy managers need to know. Durbin, 24, was named the AFL’s MVP. The Yankees want to incorporate his speed and contact skills and, depending on whom the team adds (and loses) from their roster this offseason, Durbin may see considerable playing time.

Myriad others with statistical upside were also added to MLB 40-man rosters, including Chicago White Sox SS and top prospect Colson Montgomery, Colorado Rockies OF Zac Veen, Chicago Cubs OF Owen Caissie, Tampa Bay Rays OF Jake Mangum and Miami Marlins 1B Deyvison De Los Santos.

Fantasy impact: News


Cincinnati Reds SP Nick Martinez accepts qualifying offer

Martinez became only the 14th player to accept a team’s qualifying contract offer since baseball’s new rules adjusted in 2012. The other 13 players eligible for the offer this offseason — including Juan Soto and Alex Bregman — all declined so that they could negotiate more lucrative, long-term deals. Martinez, the only player in the group not headed to free agency, will earn the average of the league’s top 125 salaries for 2025, in this case a cool $21.05 million.

It may seem incongruent with how Martinez, 34, performed in 2024, but perhaps fantasy managers should look closer at his September, where he went 4-1 with a 0.83 ERA over five starts as a precursor to a larger breakout. The Reds clearly are invested. This is a viable late-round sleeper.

Fantasy impact: News

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‘Run, Forrest, run!’: How good a football player was Forrest Gump, really?

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'Run, Forrest, run!': How good a football player was Forrest Gump, really?

“He must be the stupidest son of a b—- alive! But he sure is fast!”

— “Bear Bryant” speaking of Forrest Gump in “Forrest Gump”

It was 30 years ago this fall that “Forrest Gump,” the story of a gentle soul who ended up traveling the globe, meeting presidents and filling the world with wisdom such as “Life is like a box of chocolates,” and “Stupid is as stupid does,” was running through the box office and toward six Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Tom Hanks and Best Director for Robert Zemeckis.

If you are a true Gump believer — and judging by the film’s $678 million gross, the 2.5 million copies sold of Winston Groom’s book that inspired the film, the brisk sales of its recent 30th anniversary Blu-Ray re-release, not to mention the line of people I recently saw waiting to eat at Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. in Times Square, there are many — then you also know that this fall also marks 60 years since the kid from fictional Greenbow, Alabama, became an All-America kick returner for Bear Bryant’s Alabama Crimson Tide.

Forrest Gump, wearing No. 44, scored the very first time he touched the football, a 99½-yard kickoff return against a team that appears to be the Vanderbilt Commodores. He went end zone to end zone, including a crossfield detour mid-return as he ran toward Bryant on the Bama sideline. Then he added at least another 50 yards because he didn’t stop after crossing the goal line and kept churning through the Legion Field tunnel and presumably into downtown Birmingham.

Now, amid these two very important anniversaries, and as his alma mater runs into Week 13 with an eye on running into the College Football Playoff, we ask a crucial, crimson-tinted question: Just how good at football was Forrest Gump, really?

“It’s been a while since I really broke down his film, but what I did see back in the day made an impact on me,” current Alabama head coach Kalen DeBoer confessed during a chat about how, after taking the job as Top Tider, he immersed himself in the program’s unparalleled history. “He was raw, but fast and coachable. No coach is ever going to turn down a kid with that combination.”

Not even the Bear.


“And that’s what I did. I ran clear across Alabama.”

There are no official statistics for Forrest Gump’s time at Alabama. Trust us, we asked the sports information office as well as the Bear Bryant Museum, located on the Tuscaloosa campus. They had nothing, forcing us to show some, ahem, gumption, and piece together what we could, based on what we do know.

We know that Gump was a student at the University of Alabama on June 11, 1963, because he was an eyewitness to George Wallace’s Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, when the governor of Alabama made a symbolic attempt to prevent two Black students from enrolling for class, in opposition to school integration.

We also know that Gump had already played at least one season of football before that, because we see Bryant and his staff flabbergasted as they watch the TV news and see their return specialist returning a notebook to one of those students, Vivian Malone, after she drops it in front of Wallace, protesters and the National Guard.

We also know that his first All-America season had to be 1962, because he met John F. Kennedy at the White House (and drank all his Dr Peppers). JFK died on Nov. 22, 1963, before the All-America roster for that year would have been chosen.

We also know that when Gump graduates from Alabama, he says, “Can you believe it? After only five years of playing football, I got a college degree.”

So it would appear that Gump’s time with the Tide likely ran from 1959 to 1963, and that makes sense. If you don’t recall, Gump caught Bryant’s attention when, while running from a truckload of bullies, he unknowingly sprinted the length of the Greenbow High Braves’ stadium in front of the Bear. That would have been the fall of ’58, Bryant’s first fall in Tuscaloosa and in the middle of a rebuilding 5-4-1 campaign. The kind of season that would make a college football coach desperate enough to sign a kid who was described to him as “just the local idiot” with an IQ that we know to be 75.

Back then, freshmen didn’t play. Neither did Gump in ’59. The following year, the Tide’s third game of the season was also their first at Legion Field against … Vanderbilt. That’s the first TD return we see in the movie. The next one comes at the same stadium, and clearly in a later season, because the home crowd has figured out to unfurl “Stop Forrest!” signs to prevent him from making any more tunnel sprints. This is also at Legion Field, and the opponent appears to be wearing the distinctive colors of the Tulane Green Wave. And the real life Tide did indeed play and defeat Tulane in 1961.

See? We’re figuring this out!

If this was indeed the Forrest Gump Era of Alabama football, there was nothing stupid about it. During his presumed four years on the roster, the Tide posted a record of 38-4-1 and an SEC mark of 24-4-1, went 3-0-1 in bowl games and also won the first of Bryant’s six national titles in 1961.

“Of course, it didn’t hurt that his quarterback was Joe Namath,” noted Dr. Carl Miller, professor and chair of the English department at Palm Beach Atlantic University. “Anyone who ever talked to Winston Groom about Alabama football knows how he felt about Joe Namath.”


“Always be able to look back and say, at least I didn’t lead no humdrum life.”

When Groom wrote the book “Forrest Gump” in 1986, the story of a boy with a low IQ who spends a lifetime unlocking pockets of true brilliance, it was inspired by two of his own life experiences. The first was a tale his father told him often, about a kid in his neighborhood who was relentlessly teased and bullied by local kids because of his apparent lack of intelligence. But when his parents bought a piano, that same kid suddenly began filling the neighborhood with the most amazing music, having taken nary a lesson. The second spark came from Groom’s time as a football-crazed student at the University of Alabama.

“When I was on the English faculty at Alabama, I proposed a course on the history of college football in literature, and we convinced Winston to participate,” said Miller, who grew up a dedicated Ohio State fan but came to love the Crimson Tide after four years of teaching in Tuscaloosa. His class covered topics ranging from college football in literature (see: F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Curious Case of Benjamin Button”) to the game’s secret history of steering academics (why do you think the Ivy League was formed?). “Winston Groom’s freshman year was 1961, Bryant’s first national title, and his final year was ’64, Bryant’s second national title. And he would always say, ‘You should have seen Namath before he blew out his knee,'”

Groom, who died Sept. 17, 2020, just as his beloved Tide were beginning their roll toward Nick Saban’s sixth and final national title in T-Town, often said that being a student during the Bryant era taught him “the importance of winning.” He liked to compare being the author of a book to being a head coach. “As a writer, you are the commanding general,” he explained to Miller’s class in 2012. “It is your job to make sure that everything you do is as perfect as you can get it.”

Groom’s written version of Gump was far less perfect than the character in the film. The film version was also a hell of a lot smaller. In the movie, Gump’s frame is an even 6 feet tall, weighing in at 175 pounds, which is what Tom Hanks describes as his frame at the time. In the novel, Gump is massive, standing 6-6 and making the scales creak at a hefty 240. On the written page, he doesn’t return kicks. Groom’s Bryant envisions Gump as a wide receiver and has him constantly drilling pass routes in practice. But when Gump struggles to mentally digest the playbook, Bear decides to pivot to a strategy of “We is gonna turn your big ass loose,” and Forrest Gump becomes a halfback.

In his first game, the season opener against Georgia, Gump scores four touchdowns in a 35-3 rout of the Dawgs. The Tide won the national title during a time when titles were awarded before bowl games were played. Good thing. The semi-fictional Bama team lost to Nebraska in the Orange Bowl after Kenny Stabler, who was supposed to throw the ball to No. 44 for what would have been Gump’s third TD of the game, instead threw it out of bounds when he mistakenly thought it was third down, not fourth.

“As with most of what Winston wrote about Gump and college football, that was based in truth,” Miller said. “The ’64 team went undefeated in the regular season and won the national championship but lost to Texas in the Orange Bowl. And Kenny Stabler did make that infamous mistake, but it was in the Tennessee game the following year.”


“Now you wouldn’t believe me if I told you, but I could run like the wind blows.”

Almost exactly six decades after Stabler’s mistake that led to a tie, the Vols and Tide were once again on the field for the Third Saturday in October. It was Oct. 19, 2024, and 101,910 of the 101,915 people in attendance were watching No. 7 Alabama battle No. 11 Tennessee in Knoxville. The five who were not were hunkered down in a corner of the Neyland Stadium media box. A sportswriter was showing four NFL scouts footage of a fictional college football player and asking for a talent assessment.

Said one: “He’s too one-dimensional. It’s all straight-line, like a track guy trying to become a football player.”

Replied another: “Who gives a damn about that? Look how fast he is. Has anyone clocked him?”

They were told that in the novel, Bryant says Gump runs the “hunrit yards” in 9.5 seconds. But before it could be explained what that translates to in NFL draft combine 40-yard dash speed, one of the scouts already had a watch on Gump’s TD return against Tulane.

“I’ve got him at 4.5 in the 40. Sign his ass up,” he declared. “I’m not using a high-round draft pick on him. My bosses wouldn’t do that anyway because you know he’s going to bomb the s— out of the interviews. But if we can take guys who have never played football and turn them into All-Pros just based on how strong or fast they are” — see: Ziggy Ansah and current Bills OT Travis Clayton — “then I think I’d take a chance on a dude this fast.”

Some 500 miles south of Knoxville, in Mobile, Alabama, another group of evaluators watched that same film, the only game film that exists of their local hero. Among them is Jim Nagy, senior director of the Reese’s Senior Bowl, the launching pad for countless college-to-pro football prospects.

“He clearly lacks some focus,” he said. “Great straight-line speed but, man, he looks straight-line. A really linear athlete. Not gonna make many people miss, but he hits it. He’s pulling away; he’s got some juice.”

Then Nagy sounds like novel-version Bear Bryant. “As a receiver, what are we going to do with this guy? He’s kind of a one-trick pony … but I think we could get something out of him on vertical routes, go routes. Down here at the Senior Bowl, he’d be a hard guy to defend on one-on-ones.”

Ultimately, Nagy and his staff decided they would extend an invitation to Gump for the Senior Bowl. After all, Gump did grow up just down the road in Greenbow. But there are two problems. Gump is too senior for the Senior Bowl. He’s around 84 years old now. Also, Greenbow doesn’t exist. Neither does the Legion Field he ran over and through and out of. Well, it does, sort of …


“Some people don’t think miracles happen. Well, they do.”

Gump’s home stadium in the movie is located a couple of time zones west of Alabama. Who knows? Perhaps during his 3-year, 2-month, 14-day and 16-hour crisscrossing run of America, Gump looked over his shoulder along Chavez Avenue at the football stadium of East Los Angeles College and thought to himself, “Well, that place looks familiar.”

Weingart Stadium was built in 1951, home of the ELAC Huskies. After a major renovation in 1984, the seating capacity was boosted to 22,355. That’s big for a community college, but not big enough to resemble Legion Field. So director Robert Zemeckis turned to his longtime collaborator and special effects legend Ken Ralston, the original Industrial Light & Magic guru who helped shape the Star Wars galaxy and helped Zemeckis send Doc Brown’s gigawatts-powered DeLorean back to the future.

Ralston and his crew took a group of several hundred extras dressed as Alabama fans and moved them from section to section of Weingart Stadium, eventually piecing each frame of film together like a jigsaw puzzle. This created not only a backdrop of packed stands, but also the added illusion of an upper deck. For Gump’s kick return action scenes, stadium flip cards spelled out “GO ALABAMA,” “GO FORREST” and “STOP.”

“This was kind of at the start of all the computerized special effects we have now, so when you were there the place was empty, but then when you saw the movie you were like, ‘Where’d all those people come from?'” recalled Sonny Shroyer, who played Bear Bryant. If you recognize the name, it’s because he was also Enos, the hapless deputy from “The Dukes of Hazzard.” Enos donned the houndstooth fedora at ELAC as well as Beaufort, South Carolina, where the stand-in for Greenbow High was located. “I can tell you this, though: There were no special effects used for the double who ran for Tom Hanks in the wide shots. That guy could fly. And then when we did the close-ups, it turned out that Tom could too.”

Shroyer, who accepted a football scholarship to Florida State but after injuries graduated from Georgia, was in the same room with Bryant once, at a charity golf tournament hosted by fellow TV icon George Lindsay, aka Goober from “The Andy Griffith Show.” So, with those credentials, an evaluation of Forrest Gump the football player, please, Enos … er, Coach Bryant?

“All I know is I saw him touch the ball twice and he scored twice.”


“Momma always said you can tell a lot about a person by their shoes, where they’re going, where they’ve been.”

Gabriel Mangrum has seen Forrest Gump touch the ball much more than that. Like, 281 times to be exact. Mangrum, known as GManski to his social media followers, is a former wide receiver for the Fitchburg (Massachusetts) State Falcons who graduated earlier this year with a degree in film and theater. Born in Texas and a diehard Dallas Cowboys fan, the aspiring actor was already posting his meticulous football talent evaluations to social media. Then he started doing the same with famous football players from the silver screen, everyone from Rudy Ruettiger to “The Waterboy.”

When the resurrected EA Sports College Football video game dropped earlier this year, Mangrum painstakingly created Forrest Gump — a 99 rating for speed, lowest possible rating for intelligence — added him to the current Crimson Tide roster and proceeded to manually play every single Alabama down in season mode to see what would happen.

“I rated him a one-star because he was literally coming off the street, just as he did in the movie,” Mangrum explained of his Gump creation. Of course, the PS5 processor didn’t start Gump. He didn’t even play. But Mangrum also ran every weekday practice session between games, and No. 44’s speed became too much to ignore. By midseason, he was on the field. And just as happened in both the book and movie, the first time digital Forrest Gump got his hands on the football, he ran straight to paydirt.

“When I ran with him, I worked hard to run just like he did in the movie,” Mangrum said. “He never jukes. Ever. And when he cuts, he turns his whole body, runs toward the sideline, and then turns toward the end zone, whole body again. That’s what I did. And he couldn’t be stopped.”

Forrest Gump’s final virtual 2024 stats: 1,487 yards, good for second in the nation (and 184 more than Boise State Heisman hopeful Ashton Jeanty), via only 206 rushes, good for an FBS-best 7.2 yards per carry; 165.2 yards per game and 17 touchdowns, also second in the nation. In addition, Gump hauled in 75 catches for 1,065 yards and nine TDs, easily the best among running backs. Along the way, the All-American led the Tide to a national title, as Bama beat Notre Dame 43-0 in the CFP National Championship game, of which Gump was named Most Outstanding Player.

“The only issues were that he didn’t fumble much, but when he did, it was usually at the worst time,” Mangrum said, adding, “And you might have noticed that at LSU, during the pregame, Forrest is over there celebrating with the wrong team.”


“What’s my destiny, Mama?” “You’re gonna have to figure that out for yourself.”

We attempted to interview the man who played Gump himself, while Hanks was making the promotional rounds for his latest film, “Here,” also directed by Zemeckis and costarring the actress who played Gump’s girlfriend Jenny, Robin Wright. His brief response was a reminder that he was no college football skills expert. He’s more of a baseball guy. Though it is worth noting that he did get in a vicious shot on behalf of his faux alma mater ahead of last year’s Alabama-LSU game.

During a speech at the World War II Museum in New Orleans, which he co-founded, he said, “Hope, faith, and collective effort may even lead to LSU beating Alabama tomorrow. If that can happen, ladies and gentlemen, we can accomplish anything.”

While not ready to play the role of an NFL scout, the two-time Oscar winner did praise the physical prowess that came with becoming No. 44.

“I worked out quite a bit, and it was all running. My buttocks, as Forrest would put it, were in particularly spectacular condition. If it shows up on our television, as it will from time to time, my wife [actress Rita Wilson] will request that it stay on until she gets to see me running away from the camera. My touchdown play, as it were.”

The touchdown play for this story came just as “Here” was arriving in theaters. It came Nov. 8 in Oxford, Mississippi, on the eve of Ole Miss’s rainy upset victory over Georgia. Trying to explain the premise of this story to a media pal, this very writer bemoaned, “The only thing missing is a chance to talk to Forrest Gump himself.”

The pal replied, pointing, “Well, why don’t you? There he is.”

And he was. Like a mirage on a desert highway around the 1-hour, 57-minute mark of an Oscar-winning film, Forrest Gump himself was running around the Grove, attempting to crash the show of another Alabama legend, Paul Finebaum. I shouted to him, “Run, Forrest, run! Over here!”

My question was simple. Forrest Gump, you didn’t get to play much college football, at least that we saw. So how do you think you would have fared in the National Football League?

“Aw man, I’d still be running. But I hit that portal. There’s a big party in the ‘Sip. So, Hotty Toddy ever since I left Bama. Life couldn’t be any better …” Then Forrest (real name: John Nance) broke into a dance.

The touchdown dance of a man with an IQ of 75, but an EA Sports talent rating of 99.

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Ohtani, Judge capture unanimous MVP honors

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Ohtani, Judge capture unanimous MVP honors

Shohei Ohtani and Aaron Judge make up the pinnacle of their profession, baseball’s two biggest stars representing its two most prestigious franchises. Their meeting in last month’s World Series solidified it — and their latest honor commemorated it.

Ohtani and Judge captured the Most Valuable Player Awards in their respective leagues on Thursday, both doing so unanimously. Ohtani won his third in four years, all of them coming by unanimous vote. Judge’s second — which comes two years after he edged Ohtani for the American League honor with a home-run-record-breaking season — came on the heels of one of the best offensive performances in baseball history.

And yet the exploits of Judge’s season somehow paled in comparison to what his counterpart accomplished over the past 12 months.

In that time, Ohtani signed an unprecedented $700 million contract, became the first 50/50 player in baseball history, helped his Los Angeles Dodgers defeat Judge’s New York Yankees for the championship and ultimately became the first full-time designated hitter to win an MVP — all while rehabbing a second major elbow surgery that prevented him from pitching.

“I’m very happy, obviously, to win the award,” Ohtani, speaking through an interpreter, said on a conference call. “My goal was to be able to pitch and contribute offensively, and the fact that I knew I wasn’t going to be able to pitch this season just made me focus more on my offensive game. Fortunately, I was able to produce and get this award, which is very humbling.”

Ohtani became the 12th player to win three MVPs and the second to do so within his first seven seasons, joining Stan Musial, according to ESPN Research. Before Ohtani, Frank Robinson was the only player to win the award in both leagues (1961 NL, 1966 AL).

Ohtani led the National League in homers (54), RBIs (130) and OPS (1.036) while adding 59 stolen bases — 33 more than his previous career high. His first season as a Dodger began with his longtime interpreter, Ippei Mizuhara, being indicted for stealing millions from Ohtani in a betting scandal and ended in World Series victory, a fitting capstone to Ohtani’s first trip to the playoffs. In between, Ohtani set the Dodgers’ single-season record for home runs, stole more bases than any Japanese-born player in baseball history, became the first DH to lead his league in wins above replacement and joined Ty Cobb as the only player to finish within the top two in the majors in both homers and steals.

Before Ohtani, nobody had ever won multiple MVPs unanimously, let alone three.

“Obviously I moved to a new league and everything’s been kind of a new experience,” Ohtani said. “There’s so many great players in the National League, obviously, and to be able to win the award unanimously is a great feeling. I’m very proud of that. Hopefully in the upcoming seasons I’ll continue to be able to perform to this high level.”

Judge and Ohtani each captured all 30 first-place votes from the Baseball Writers’ Association of America. New York Mets shortstop Francisco Lindor finished second to Ohtani with 23 second-place votes and Arizona Diamondbacks second baseman Ketel Marte finished third, earning five second-place votes. In the AL, Bobby Witt Jr., the Kansas City Royals’ young superstar shortstop, received all 30 second-place votes. Juan Soto, the high-profile free agent who spent all season batting in front of Judge in the Bronx, finished third.

Judge led the majors in homers (58), RBIs (144), OPS (1.159) and FanGraphs wins above replacement (11.2) in a 2024 season that saw the 6-foot-7, 282-pound slugger spend most of his time in center field and lead the Yankees to a pennant. Judge’s 223 adjusted OPS was the highest among right-handed hitters since 1900, according to ESPN Research. He became the third player with at least 50 homers and an adjusted OPS of 200 or more, joining Babe Ruth and Barry Bonds.

Judge is the seventh Yankee to win multiple MVPs, joining Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Alex Rodriguez and Roger Maris. Before Judge, Mantle’s 1956 season was the only one in Yankees history to yield a unanimous MVP vote.

Since his first full season in 2017, when he was voted AL Rookie of the Year and finished second in MVP voting, Judge leads the majors in FanGraphs wins above replacement (51.4), weighted runs created plus (176), slugging percentage (.611) and home runs (311) despite sitting out significant time in three of those eight seasons. He broke the AL home run record in 2022, going deep 62 times, but he was better in practically every other offensive category in 2024, slashing .322/.458/.701 despite a brutal first month.

“March and April were not my friend this year,” Judge, who did not take part in the standard BBWAA conference call, told MLB Network. “It’s a long season. You’re going to go through some ups, you’re going to go through some downs. It’s just about leaning on your teammates, your family and just putting in the work. I think that’s what it comes down to — just keep putting in the work and things are going to change. You can’t mope. You can’t feel sorry for yourself. Especially in New York — nobody’s going to feel sorry for you.”

Of Judge’s 58 home runs in 2024, a whopping 23 gave his team the lead. But his season ended in bitter fashion, with Judge going 4-for-18 in the World Series and making a key error — dropping a fly ball to help set up what became a five-run fifth inning — in the decisive Game 5 on Oct. 30.

Six days later, Ohtani underwent surgery to repair a labrum tear in his left, non-throwing shoulder, the result of an injury he sustained on an attempted steal in Game 2 of the World Series. Ohtani has since removed the stitches from his surgically repaired shoulder and is focusing on range-of-motion exercises in the early stages of his ramp-up.

“The goal is to be ready for Opening Day. That includes hitting and pitching,” Ohtani said. “But we are kind of taking our time, obviously. We want to make sure that I’m healthy first; we’re not going to rush anything.”

It wasn’t until his fourth season in the big leagues that Ohtani emerged as a two-way force. He came over from Japan and made nine starts for the Los Angeles Angels before sustaining a tear in his ulnar collateral ligament that ultimately led to Tommy John surgery in 2018, restricting him to DH for most of his first two years. The 2021 season — coming off a brutal showing in the COVID-shortened 2020 season — was the start of a historic three-year stretch in which Ohtani produced a .964 OPS with 124 homers and 57 stolen bases, and also a 2.84 ERA and 542 strikeouts in 428⅓ innings.

A second UCL repair followed, preventing Ohtani from pitching beyond August 2023. It did not prevent another dream-like season. Ohtani dismissed outsized pressure, focused on becoming a better base stealer and produced some of the season’s most memorable moments even before hoisting the World Series trophy. He hit a walk-off grand slam to join the 40/40 club and put together one of history’s best single-game performances — with three home runs, two steals and 10 RBIs in Miami on Sept. 19 — to reach the 50/50 mark and solidify his first postseason berth.

Ohtani is unquestionably at the top of the sport.

Judge is up there, too.

“When I hear that, I think people are coming for the spot,” Judge told MLB Network. “You got to keep putting in the work.”

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