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It’s been a crazy few years for the cost of many services and essentials, with fuel prices among the bills enduring something of a roller-coaster ride.

Pump prices during the COVID pandemic sank as low as £1.07 a litre for petrol and £1.11 for diesel as demand fell off a cliff due to lockdowns.

As the economy reopened, costs rose sharply while Russia’s invasion of Ukraine saw pump prices for both fuels hit record levels nearer £2.

Today, prices are well below those peaks but, as RAC Fuel Watch data has shown, August saw unleaded rise by almost 7p a litre, with diesel up by 8p.

Average costs are back above £1.50 for both and the hikes are set to be reflected in the next set of inflation figures which will likely place pressure on PM Rishi Sunak’s pledge to halve the rate of inflation this year.

The single biggest factor behind fuel price shifts is the cost of oil.

At the heart of this, like in any market, is supply and demand – with some speculative trading thrown in for good measure.

While Western economies do not tolerate price fixing behaviour, it is at the heart of the oil market and there is no mechanism to stop it.

A barrel of Brent crude oil cost more than $110 in 2014
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A barrel of Brent crude oil cost more than $110 in 2014

That is because prices are largely at the mercy of the so-called OPEC+ cartel – a group of 23 oil-producing nations that account for more than 80% of world crude reserves and more than 40% of global output.

The Saudi-led organisation, which includes Russia, sets production targets aimed at keeping prices nicely profitable, reacting to global shocks and demand shifts, as appropriate, to meet their shared goals.

UK fuel prices lag, generally by a few weeks, the cost of oil.

The recent performance for Brent crude would suggest more fuel price hikes are in the pipeline.

The contract for November delivery stood at $88 a barrel on Monday.

Last month saw a low of $84 and peak of $86 amid continuing production cuts by Saudi Arabia and other members of the wider OPEC+ alliance to support the market.

The latest spike is partly explained by expectations that the key OPEC+ players will, this week, extend their production cuts to October.

The cartel’s cuts reflect worries that a slowing global economy – largely a consequence of rising interest rates to tackle inflation – is a risk to demand and, therefore, prices.

The particular concern for members is the crisis facing China’s economy, threatening a return to the pandemic-era when supply was outstripping demand.

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How will China’s economy affect UK?

But there is every reason to believe that oil costs may be near their peak – barring any further shocks.

Analysts say effects from the peak US holiday driving season are likely to weigh on oil prices in the coming days now the summer is over.

A recent survey by the Reuters news agency, which is independent of OPEC+, also showed the first monthly rise in output by the cartel since February during August.

When it comes to fuel prices, motoring groups have also expressed hope that recent regulatory scrutiny on pump prices will continue to weigh.

The RAC said supermarkets had reduced fuel margins back to pre-pandemic levels since being rapped by the Competition and Markets Authority in July.

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July: Drivers paid extra for fuel in 2022

Its fuel spokesman, Simon Williams, said: “Wholesale costs for both petrol and diesel started to rise in late July on the back of oil hitting $85.

“While the barrel price has stayed at that level throughout August, retailers had no choice but to pass on their increased costs at the pumps.

“Fortunately for drivers though, they have clearly been influenced by the CMA’s investigation as, all of a sudden, margins are once again closer to their longer-term averages.

“It appears they used the wholesale price rise to subtly cover their tracks – after all, big reductions at the pumps soon after the CMA’s findings were announced would perhaps have been far too obvious a step.

“All we can hope is that this move by many big retailers back to fairer forecourt pricing remains when wholesale costs go down again. Only time will tell.”

The worrying reality though is that while regulation can, and has, had an impact, ultimately the power over the prices we pay at the pumps is in the hands of a unregulated cartel.

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Sports rights veteran Kogan in talks to chair Starmer’s football watchdog

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Sports rights veteran Kogan in talks to chair Starmer's football watchdog

A media industry veteran who has helped negotiate a string of broadcast rights deals across English football has emerged as the frontrunner to head Sir Keir Starmer’s new football watchdog.

Sky News can exclusively reveal that David Kogan, whose boardroom roles have included a directorship at state-owned Channel 4, is now the leading contender to chair the Independent Football Regulator (IFR) following a drawn-out recruitment process.

A Whitehall source said Mr Kogan had been interviewed for the post by a government-appointed selection panel in the last few days.

He was expected to be recommended to the prime minister for the role, although they cautioned that the appointment was not yet guaranteed.

Mr Kogan has had extensive experience at the top of English football, having advised clients including the Premier League, English Football League, Scottish Premier League and UEFA on television rights contracts.

Last year, he acted as the lead negotiator for the Women’s Super League and Championship on their latest five-year broadcasting deals with Sky – the immediate parent company of Sky News – and the BBC.

Outside football, he also worked with Premier Rugby, the Six Nations, the NFL on its UK broadcasting deals and the International Olympic Committee in his capacity as chief executive of, and majority shareholder in, Reel Enterprises.

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Mr Kogan sold that business in 2011 to Wasserman Media Group.

His other current roles include advising the chief executives of CNN, the American broadcast news network, and The New York Times Company on talks with digital platforms about the growing influence of artificial intelligence on their industries.

Mr Kogan has links to Labour, having in the past donated money to a number of individual parliamentary candidates, chairing LabourList, the independent news site, and writing two books about the party.

One source close to the process to appoint the IFR chair described him as “an obvious choice” for the position.

In recent months, Sky News has disclosed the identities of the shortlisted candidates for the role, with former Aston Villa FC and Liverpool FC chief executive Christian Purslow one of three candidates who made it to a supposedly final group of contenders.

The others were Sanjay Bhandari, who chairs the anti-racism football charity Kick It Out, and Professor Sir Ian Kennedy, who chaired the new parliamentary watchdog established after the MPs expenses scandal.

Sky News revealed last weekend, however, that government officials had resumed contact with applicants who did not make it onto that shortlist for the £130,000-a-year post.

The apparent hiatus in the appointment of the IFR’s inaugural chair threatened to reignite speculation that Sir Keir was seeking to diminish its powers amid a broader clampdown on Britain’s economic watchdogs.

Both 10 Downing Street and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) have sought to dismiss those suggestions, with insiders insisting that the IFR will be established largely as originally envisaged.

The creation of the IFR, which will be based in Manchester, is among the principal elements of legislation now progressing through parliament, with Royal Assent expected before the summer recess.

The Football Governance Bill has completed its journey through the House of Lords and will be introduced in the Commons shortly, according to the DCMS.

The regulator was conceived by the previous Conservative government in the wake of the furore over the failed European Super League project, but has triggered deep unrest in parts of English football.

Steve Parish, the chairman of Premier League side Crystal Palace, told a recent sports industry conference that the watchdog “wants to interfere in all of the things we don’t need them to interfere in and help with none of the things we actually need help with”.

“We have a problem that we’re constantly being told that we’re not a business and [that] we’re part of the fabric of communities,” he is reported to have said.

“At the same time, we’re…being treated to the nth degree like a business.”

Initial interviews for the chair of the new watchdog took place last November, with an earlier recruitment process curtailed by the calling of last year’s general election.

Mr Kogan is said by officials to have originally been sounded out about the IFR chairmanship under the Tory administration.

Lisa Nandy, the culture secretary, will also need to approve the appointment of a preferred candidate, with the chosen individual expected to face a pre-appointment hearing in front of the Commons culture, media and sport select committee as early as next month.

It forms part of a process that represents the most fundamental shake-up in the oversight of English football in the game’s history.

The establishment of the body comes with the top tier of the professional game gripped by civil war, with Abu Dhabi-owned Manchester City at the centre of a number of legal cases with the Premier League over its financial dealings.

The Premier League is also keen to agree a long-delayed financial redistribution deal with the EFL before the regulator is formally launched, although there has been little progress towards that in the last year.

The government has dropped a previous stipulation that the IFR should have regard to British foreign and trade policy when determining the appropriateness of a new club owner.

“We do not comment on speculation,” a DCMS spokesperson said when asked about Mr Kogan’s candidacy to chair the football watchdog.

“No appointment has been made and the recruitment process for [IFR] chair is ongoing.”

This weekend, Mr Kogan declined to comment.

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Trump tariffs to knock growth but won’t cause global recession, says IMF

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Trump tariffs to knock growth but won't cause global recession, says IMF

The ripping up of the trade rule book caused by President Trump’s tariffs will slow economic growth in some countries, but not cause a global recession, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has said.

There will be “notable” markdowns to growth forecasts, according to the financial organisation’s managing director Kristalina Georgieva in her curtain raiser speech at the IMF’s spring meeting in Washington.

Some nations will also see higher inflation as a result of the taxes Mr Trump has placed on imports to the US. At the same time, the European Central Bank said it anticipated less inflation from tariffs.

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Trump’s tariffs: What you need to know

Earlier this month, a flat rate of 10% was placed on all imports, while additional levies from certain countries were paused for 90 days. Car parts, steel and aluminium are, however, still subject to a 25% tax when they arrive in the US.

This has meant the “reboot of the global trading system”, Ms Georgieva said. “Trade policy uncertainty is literally off the charts.”

The confusion over why nations were slapped with their specific tariffs, the stop-start nature of the taxes, and the rapid escalation of the tit-for-tat levies between the US and China sparked uncertainty and financial market turbulence.

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“The longer uncertainty persists, the larger the cost,” Ms Georgieva cautioned.

“Unusual” activity in currency and government debt markets – as investors sold off dollars and US government debt – “should be taken as a warning”, she added.

“Everyone suffers if financial conditions worsen.”

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These challenges are being borne out from a “weaker starting position” as public debt levels are much higher in recent years due to spending during the COVID-19 pandemic and higher interest rates, which increased the cost of borrowing.

The trade tensions are “to a large extent” a result of “an erosion of trust”, Ms Georgieva said.

This erosion, coupled with jobs moving overseas, and concerns over national security and domestic production, has left us in a world where “industry gets more attention than the service sector” and “where national interests tower over global concerns,” she added.

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Sainsburys profits top £1bn after closing all cafes and cutting 3,000 jobs

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Sainsburys profits top £1bn after closing all cafes and cutting 3,000 jobs

Annual profits at the UK’s second biggest supermarket, Sainsbury’s, have reached £1bn.

The supermarket chain reported that sales and profits grew over the year to March.

It also comes after Sainsbury’s announced in January plans to close of all of its in-store cafes and the loss of 3,000 jobs.

But the high profits are not expected to increase, according to Sainsbury’s, which warned of heightened competition as a supermarket price war heats up.

Tesco too warned of “intensification of competition” last week, as Asda’s executive chairman earlier this year committed to foregoing profits in favour of price cuts.

Sainsbury’s said it had spent £1bn lowering prices, leading to a “record-breaking year in grocery”, its highest market share gain in more than a decade, as more people chose Sainsbury’s for their main shop.

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It’s the second most popular supermarket with market share of ahead of Asda but below Tesco, according to latest industry figures from market research company Kantar.

In the same year, the supermarket announced plans to cut more than 3,000 jobs and the closure of its remaining 61 in-store cafes as well as hot food, patisserie, and pizza counters, to save money in a “challenging cost environment”.

This financial year, profits are forecast to be around £1bn again, in line with the £1.036bn in retail underlying operating profit announced today for the year ended in March.

The grocer has been a vocal critic of the government’s increase in employer national insurance contributions and said in January it would incur an additional £140m as a result of the hike.

Higher national insurance bills are not captured by the annual results published on Thursday, as they only took effect in April, outside of the 2024 to 2025 financial year.

Supermarkets gearing up for a price war and not bulking profits further could be good news for prices of shelves, according to online investment planner AJ Bell’s investment director Russ Mould.

“The main winners in a price war would ultimately be shoppers”, he said.

“Like Tesco, Sainsbury’s wants to equip itself to protect its competitive position, hence its guidance for flat profit in the coming year as it looks to offer customers value for money.”

There has been, however, a warning from Sainsbury’s that higher national insurance contributions will bring costs up for consumers.

News shops are planned in “key target locations”, Sainsbury’s results said, which, along with further openings, “provides a unique opportunity to drive further market share gains”.

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