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Feb 19 2024 Umeå University

Researchers at Umeå University in Sweden, led by Professor Felipe Cava, have identified a new family of enzymes that creates a unique type of cross-linking between the building blocks of bacterial cell walls. This discovery could help develop new antibiotics against infectious diseases.

Bacterial cell walls form mesh-like structures, shielding cells from rupturing under high internal pressure and safeguarding against external threats. The cell wall is comprised of sugar and amino acid molecules interconnected by various types of cross-links. These cross-links play a crucial role in providing strength and stability to the cell wall, while also enabling bacteria to adapt to diverse environments and stressors.

In a groundbreaking study recently published in the esteemed journal Nature Communications, researchers from Umeå University and international institutions have unveiled a novel family of enzymes responsible for generating a unique cross-linkage between L-alanine and meso-diaminopimelic acid. These amino acids are integral components of the peptide chains constituting the cell wall of numerous bacterial species. Termed LD1,3-transpeptidase, this enzyme has been identified across various groups of alpha and beta proteobacteria, including opportunistic pathogens such as Burkholderia and Achromobacter.

The researchers utilized Gluconobacter oxydans, a model organism employed in vinegar production, to identify the novel LD1,3-transpeptidase enzyme and elucidate its three-dimensional structure. They have demonstrated that this enzyme possesses unique characteristics distinguishing it from other known enzymes involved in cell wall cross-linkage. These distinctive properties enable the enzyme to utilize various substrates and execute diverse reactions, critical for maintaining the cell wall's integrity. Specifically, their findings indicate that cells lacking these cross-links exhibit heightened sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics, underscoring the potential of LD1,3-transpeptidases as promising targets for therapeutic interventions, particularly those aimed at enhancing antibiotic effectiveness.

The principal investigator of the study is Felipe Cava, Professor of Infection Biology at Umeå University and Director of the Umeå Hypoxic Research Facility. With extensive expertise in bacterial cell wall research and its implications in bacterial survival and disease progression, Professor Cava has spearheaded investigations into this field for a significant duration. The bacterial cell wall stands as one of the most remarkable structures, yet much remains to be uncovered about its diversity and dynamics. Through the identification and characterization of novel enzyme families like LD1,3-transpeptidase, we not only expand our understanding of bacterial biology but also discover fresh targets for developing antibiotics to combat infectious diseases."

Felipe Cava

The study was funded by, among others, the Swedish Research Council, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Kempe Foundations. Source:

Umeå UniversityJournal reference:

Espaillat, A., et al. (2024). A distinctive family of L,D-transpeptidases catalyzing L-Ala-mDAP crosslinks in Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria. Nature Communications. doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45620-5.

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Russia accused of escalating hybrid attacks in Europe after Baltic Sea telecoms cables cut

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Russia accused of escalating hybrid attacks in Europe after Baltic Sea telecoms cables cut

Russia has been accused by European governments of escalating hybrid attacks on Ukraine’s Western allies after two fibre-optic telecommunication cables in the Baltic Sea were severed.

Russia is systematically attacking European security architecture,” the foreign ministers of the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Poland said in a joint statement.

“Moscow’s escalating hybrid activities against NATO and EU countries are also unprecedented in their variety and scale, creating significant security risks.”

The statement was not made in direct response to the cutting of the cables, Reuters reported, citing two European security sources.

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Germany’s defence minister Boris Pistorius said: “No one believes that these cables were cut accidentally.”

He added: “We also have to assume, without knowing it yet, that it is sabotage.”

Investigations have been launched into the destruction of the cables earlier this week.

One linked Finland and Germany while the other connected Sweden and Lithuania.

Russia has repeatedly denied it has sabotaged European infrastructure and has accused the West of making such claims to damage Russian interests.

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Investigations launched into possible sabotage

One cable was damaged on Sunday morning and the other went out of service on Monday.

The Swedish Prosecution Authority has launched a preliminary criminal investigation into the damaged cables on suspicion of possible sabotage.

The country’s civil defence minister Carl-Oskar Bohlin said its armed forces and coastguard had picked up ship movements corresponding with the damage to the cables.

“We of course take this very seriously against the background of the serious security situation,” he said.

Finland’s National Bureau of Investigation said it had also launched an investigation, but Sweden would lead the probe.

NATO’s Maritime Centre for the Security of Critical Undersea Infrastructure was working closely with allies in the investigation, an official said.

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Baltic Sea infrastructure damaged

It is not the first time such infrastructure has been damaged in the Baltic Sea.

In September 2022, three Nord Stream gas pipelines between Russia and Germany were destroyed seven months after Moscow invaded Ukraine.

No one took responsibility for the blasts and while some Western officials initially blamed Moscow, which the Kremlin denied, US and German media reported pro-Ukrainian actors may have been responsible.

The companies owning the two cables damaged earlier this week have said it was not yet clear what caused the outages.

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Jeremy Clarkson says government should ‘back down’ on farmers’ inheritance tax as he joins protest

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Rays say new stadium unlikely to be ready by ’28

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Rays say new stadium unlikely to be ready by '28

ST. PETERSBURG, Fla. — A combination of severe hurricane damage to Tropicana Field and political delays on financing means it is highly unlikely the Tampa Bay Rays‘ planned new stadium will be ready for the 2028 season, if at all, the team said Tuesday.

Rays top executives said in a letter to the Pinellas County Commission that the team has already spent $50 million for early work on the new $1.3 billion ballpark and cannot proceed further because of delays in approval of bonds for the public share of the costs.

“The Rays organization is saddened and stunned by this unfortunate turn of events” said the letter, signed by co-presidents Brian Auld and Matt Silverman, who noted that the overall project was previously approved by the County Commission and the City of St. Petersburg.

“As we have made clear at every step of this process, a 2029 ballpark delivery would result in significantly higher costs that we are not able to absorb alone,” the letter added.

The tumultuous series of events came after Hurricane Milton ripped the roof off Tropicana Field on Oct. 9, forcing the Rays to play the 2025 season at the spring training home of the New York Yankees, 11,000-seat Steinbrenner Field in Tampa. Then, the Pinellas County Commission postponed a planned Oct. 29 vote on the bond issue that the Rays said has thrown the new 30,000-seat ballpark timeline off.

The commission was meeting again Tuesday on the bond issue, but its chair suggested a vote could be delayed again.

“We know we’re going to be in Steinbrenner in 2025 and we don’t know much beyond that,” Auld said in an interview.

Asked if Major League Baseball can survive long-term in the Tampa Bay area, Rays Principal Owner Stuart Sternberg said the outlook is “less rosy than it was three weeks ago. We’re going to do all that we can, as we’ve tried for 20 years, to keep the Rays here for generations to come.”

The team’s contract with the city of St. Petersburg requires that the Rays play three more seasons at Tropicana Field assuming it is repaired. The cost of fixing the ballpark in time for the 2026 season is pegged at more than $55 million for a building scheduled to be torn down when the new facility is ready.

Under the original plan, Pinellas County would spend about $312.5 million for the new ballpark and the city of St. Petersburg around $417 million including infrastructure improvements. The Rays and their partner, the Hines development company, would cover the remaining costs including any overruns.

It isn’t just baseball that is affected. The new Rays ballpark is part of a larger urban renovation project known as the Historic Gas Plant District, which refers to a predominantly Black neighborhood that was forced out by construction of Tropicana Field and an interstate highway spur.

The broader $6.5 billion project would transform an 86-acre (34-hectare) tract in the city’s downtown, with plans in the coming years for a Black history museum, affordable housing, a hotel, green space, entertainment venues, and office and retail space. There’s the promise of thousands of jobs as well.

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