Divyendra Jadoun is proud of his professional alias: the Indian Deepfaker. 

“I know we do deepfakes,” he tells Sky News. “Why would I use something else?”

And Jadoun’s services have been in demand recently, as India holds elections – often billed as the biggest democratic election on the planet.

Deepfakes have been a feature, in some surprising ways. On occasion, they have been malicious. Bollywood actors have been falsely depicted criticising PM Narendra Modi, or endorsing a political party.

Jadoun says: “We received a lot of requests, from November, October. And out of those requests, around 45 to 50% requests were for unethical [deepfakes]. And these are two kinds of requests.

“One is to swap the face of the political leader and put it into some controversial video that might harm his image. The second type of unethical [deepfake] is to create the clone of, the voice of the opponent leader and make him say something that he has never said.”

“This is the first time that we are going to see the deployment of deepfakes on a large scale. Even for us, it’s a new thing.

“We do not know how much it will impact or whether it will have an impact or not.”

Others point to the low numbers of views those deepfake videos tend to receive, along with the speed at which they get debunked – and say that the impact of deepfakes has been, perhaps unexpectedly, positive.

“There was a fear that deepfake type of things would be more used for adversarial content, whereas what we are seeing is the opposite,” explains Joyojeet Pal, associate professor of information at the University of Michigan.

“The artificially generated content is much more being used by the campaigns of politicians in their own interest.”

Witness the resurrection of M Karunanidhi, a politician who died in 2018. A deepfake of him was created by technologist Senthil Nayagam and subsequently put on the campaign trail, endorsing various candidates.

“We accidentally started the trend with this video,” Nayagam tells Sky News.

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The Indian Deepfaker has worked on another system that shows the potential innovation of deepfakes.

“We are doing a conversational agent where you will get a call in the voice of a leader. It will be saying that I am an AI-generated avatar of this leader, and he will be taking the name of the person,” he says.

“He will be asking ‘What are your local issues in your area?’ or ‘What are your suggestions to the government?’ – and every call will be recorded.

“It will then be transcribed and it will be filtered out based on different questions, so that the government or the political parties can make manifestos or can create schemes according to the problem.”

There are still pitfalls. Jadoun is worried about deepfakes spreading through the messaging system WhatsApp rather than the open internet, where they are easier to debunk. WhatsApp is where more traditional misinformation has spread, according to Amber Sinha.

“I think it’s also been early days, in terms of [the deepfake] use case in India,” he tells Sky News.

“There have been other modes of content, for instance, doctored images, Photoshopped images that have been prevalent, particularly on WhatsApp groups, for much longer in India.”

WhatsApp is, for many people in India, simply the internet. Platforms that dominate in other democracies remain niche. Take ad spending on Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram (and WhatsApp, although it doesn’t show ads).

The ruling BJP is clearly dominating, according to the data provided by Who Targets Me. But compare that to US spending.

The US isn’t even holding an election – at least not yet – and it is comfortably outspending India.

And Pal argues that other platforms have now caught up with WhatsApp.

“WhatsApp groups were the big player in the fairly recent elections as well,” he says. “YouTube is either at par or more important than WhatsApp right now.”

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The most novel digital development of this election, he argues, is the emergence of YouTube influencers.

Earlier this month, for example, Curly Tales, a food blogger with more than three million followers, featured the chief minister of Maharashtra on her channel. And politicians have been making concerted attempts to woo influencers across the board.

“The most surprising thing about the campaign has been the emergence of digital influencers over professional journalists as the interviewers in the campaigns themselves,” Pal says.

“As opposed to a professional journalist who might be fairly educated about policy and can ask a politician aggressive questions about what is or is not working about their platform, a digital influencer doesn’t have that ability.”

For all the innovation, deepfakes and influencers do perhaps open up an information gap – one where doubt and misinformation can spread, inadvertently or not.

One of Germany’s most prominent far right politicians is expected to hear if he has been found guilty of using a banned Nazi slogan.

Björn Höcke, one of the leading figures of the Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, is due in court in Halle for the final day of his trial.

He is charged with knowingly using a Nazi slogan at a rally in 2021, an act which is forbidden under German law.

The trial heard Höcke used the slogan “Alles für Deutschland” (Everything for Germany) at the AfD event in May 2021.

The phrase is associated with the SA or Storm Troopers, the paramilitary wing of the National Socialist party also known as the Brownshirts.

They played a significant role in Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in the 1920s and early 1930s.

Prosecutors claim he knew the phrase was banned but he told the court he is “completely innocent”.

The 52-year-old has led the AfD’s regional branch in Thuringia since 2013, the year the party was founded, and is due to lead its campaign in a state election set for 1 September.

It is one of three branches that Germany’s domestic intelligence agency has under official surveillance as a “proven right-wing extremist” group.

At their recent annual general meeting, Höcke told Sky News he believed the legal case was politically motivated.

“I’m seeing something similar in the USA. Donald Trump is also on trial there and he too is being slowed down. He is hampered in all his development opportunities. I think that’s the point. So for me, the whole thing is a political conspiracy,” he said.

“But as a former history teacher were you not aware of the Nazi links?” I asked.

“No, I wasn’t aware. It’s a commonplace saying which unfortunately was once burned by the Nazis,” he replied.

He once called the Holocaust memorial in Berlin a “monument of shame” and called for Germany to perform a “180-degree turn” in how it remembers its past.

A party tribunal in 2018 rejected a bid to have him expelled.

Anti-AfD protestors have been gathering outside the court during the trial.

“Together against fascism,” they shouted as the hearings took place.

“We must not tolerate slogans that we know are leading us in the wrong direction historically,” Lennard Giessenberg told reporters.

“I hope he gets the maximum penalty and that a sign will be sent,” added Sven.

This case is among a string of controversies facing the AfD.

Earlier this year there were mass protests across Germany after a leaked report revealed some members attended a meeting where the mass deportation of migrants was discussed.

Last month, an AfD aide was accused of spying for China.

Despite this, the party is still second in the polls and many back Höcke.

“Björn Höcke is one of the best and most sincere patriots and politicians we have in this party,” said Eric Engelhardt, a member AfD’s youth wing in Thuringia.

He believes Höcke is exactly what Germany needs.

While a guilty verdict could in theory mean a prison sentence, a fine is a more likely punishment.

The outcome of the trial is unlikely to impact Höcke’s support among the hardcore which seemingly remains undented.

On Monday, a German high court ruled domestic security services could continue to treat the AfD as a potentially extremist party, meaning they retain the right to keep it under surveillance.

The party said it would appeal.

He is the puppet master of Georgian politics – a man of fabulous wealth and extraordinary power. 

And Georgian oligarch Bidzina Ivanishvili is the focus of intense opposition as unrest sweeping his country reaches boiling point.

From humble origins, he left Georgia to accumulate immense wealth in Russia through close ties with Putin’s chosen few, the kleptocratic elites who have helped themselves to the country’s riches in return for complete loyalty to the Kremlin.

He is said to be worth at least $5bn (£3.98bn), a third of his country’s GDP.

After returning to Georgia, he acquired enormous influence in his homeland.

He says he has withdrawn from frontline politics but, as chairman of the Georgian Dream party, Ivanishvili is the power behind the throne, an eminence grise, say his critics, operating from the shadows as the puppet master of the country’s power struggles.

He chooses the country’s prime ministers. Three of the last four have been former managers of his companies.

Georgia’s interior minister is a former bodyguard of Ivanishvili, its former health minister was his wife’s dentist, an education minister one of his children’s maths tutors. The list goes on.

To many, Ivanishvili’s lifestyle might sound more James Bond villain than tycoon.

In the hills overlooking the capital Tbilisi, he has a futuristic mansion said to have a shark-infested pool.

He collects other exotic animals, including kangaroos and lemurs, and has a penchant for exotic trees – uprooting rare 135-year-old specimens with huge controversy and hauling them off to his tree park.

But it’s his alleged ties with Russia that are the most controversial and murky.

Many Georgians say they are sceptical of his claims to have sold his businesses and ended his investments in Russia years ago.

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Ivanishvili and his Georgian Dream party are trying to push through parliament a new law that has caused the biggest unrest in Georgia in years.

The ‘foreign agent’ bill, as it’s known, would give the government more control over the media and human rights organisations. It is modelled on laws Putin has used to tighten his own authoritarian grip on Russia.

Tens of thousands of Georgians have demonstrated against the bill.

With its final reading due this week, the unrest is heading for a crunch point.

Protesters are determined to thwart the man they see as Putin’s puppet. They believe if he prevails he will end their dream of closer ties with Europe and eventual membership of the European Union.

At stake is both Georgia’s national identity and Vladimir Putin’s ability to maintain control and influence in this former Soviet republic.