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Companies have increasingly offered generous fertility benefits to attract and keep top-notch workers. Now, the federal government is getting in on the act. Starting this year, federal employees can choose plans that cover several fertility services, including up to $25,000 annually for in vitro fertilization procedures and up to three artificial insemination cycles each year.

This story also ran on The 19th. It can be republished for free.

With about 2.1 million civilian employees, the federal government is the nations largest employer. Now, just as businesses of every stripe prioritize fertility benefits, in vitro fertilization a procedure in use for more than 40 years has become a tricky topic for some anti-abortion Republican members of Congress and even presidential candidates.

It was inevitable that disagreements over IVF among abortion opponents would eventually break into the open, said Mary Ziegler, a legal historian and expert on reproductive health.

The anti-abortion movement from the 1960s onward has been a fetal personhood movement, said Ziegler, a law professor at the University of California-Davis. Since the U.S. Supreme Courts Dobbs decision eliminated the constitutional right to abortion, anti-abortion groups and the Republican Party are grappling with what fetal personhood means and how that fits into their position on IVF and other technologies that help people have babies.

The Alabama Supreme Court set the stage for the recent brouhaha with a ruling last month that frozen embryos created through IVF are children under state law. A pair of Democratic senators advanced legislation that would override state laws by establishing a statutory right to access IVF and other such technologies. The bill was blocked on the Senate floor by a Republican opponent.

These events highlight the tough spot in which Republicans find themselves. Many support IVF, and they are keenly aware that its extremely popular: 86% of adults in a recent CBS News-YouGov poll said IVF should be legal. The outcry over the Alabama ruling and Republicans inability to coalesce around a federal response, however, has exposed fault lines in the party.

Some anti-abortion groups have strenuously objected to measures like that Senate bill, arguing that lawmakers must balance IVF with the responsibility to respect life.

Republicans are trying to finesse it, which is very hard, Ziegler said. Email Sign-Up

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About 10% of women and men face fertility problems, according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. IVF, a process in which an egg is fertilized in a laboratory and later implanted in the uterus, is among the most expensive fertility treatments, costing about $20,000 for one round. Even with insurance coverage, the procedure is pricey, but for some people its the only way to conceive.

In recent years, the number of companies offering fertility benefits to employees has grown steadily. In the early 2000s, fewer than a quarter of employers with at least 500 workers covered IVF, according to benefits consultant Mercers annual employer survey. In 2023, that figure had roughly doubled, to 45%. Employers typically cap IVF benefits. In 2023, employers had a median lifetime maximum benefit of $20,000 for IVF, according to the Mercer survey.

The federal governments IVF benefit paying up to $25,000 a year is more generous than that of a typical employer. Coverage is available through the popular Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employee Program’s standard option. Altogether, two dozen 2024 health plans for federal workers offer enhanced IVF coverage, with varying benefits and cost sharing, according to the federal Office of Personnel Management, which manages the federal health plans.

OPMs mission is to attract and retain the workforce of the future, said Viet Tran, OPMs press secretary, in written answers to questions. He noted that surveys have found that federal health benefits have influenced employees decisions to stay with the federal government.

Starting this year, plans offered to federal employees are required to offer fertility benefits, according to OPM.

But its unclear how the emerging political debate surrounding IVF and other reproductive health issues could affect national benefit and coverage trends.

Last month, after the Alabama Supreme Court ruled that frozen embryos left over following IVF procedures are considered children under state law, the state legislature quickly passed and Republican Gov. Kay Ivey signed a bill that grants immunity to patients and providers who participate in IVF services. During the ensuing dust-up, a coalition of more than a dozen anti-abortion groups signed a letter drawing a clear line in the sand. Both science and logic have made it clear that embryos must be accorded the same human rights as other human beings, it read. The Alabama law didnt address the underlying issue of the personhood of the embryos, leaving open the door for further litigation and potential restrictions on IVF in Alabama and other states, some legal analysts say.

More than a third of states have laws on the books that classify fetuses as people at some stage of pregnancy, according to an analysis by Politico.

It’s unclear whether the turmoil surrounding the Alabama case will have long-term repercussions for employee benefits there or in other states.

If this were something that were to happen in multiple states, employers would have to figure out how to navigate around that, said Jim Winkler, chief strategy officer of the Business Group on Health, a nonprofit that represents the interests of large employers. At this point, employers will want to keep a watchful eye on the issue but probably not plan any changes, Winkler said.

A Mercer blog post advised businesses with Alabama employees to review health plan policies related to medical travel and leave benefits. Further, employers should monitor other states that broadly define fetal personhood and restrict reproductive healthcare, the blog post advised.

The situation is reminiscent of what happened with abortion coverage following the Supreme Courts Dobbs decision in 2022. As states imposed restrictions on access to abortions, many companies began providing travel expenses for their workers to seek them.

But what happened with abortion may not be a good predictor of what will happen with IVF, said Dorianne Mason, director of health equity at the National Womens Law Center.

Following the Alabama judges ruling, the legislature in Alabama moved so quickly to respond to the outcry, Mason said. When we look at the legislative response to IVF, its moving in a markedly different direction on access to care than has occurred with other types of reproductive care.

Michelle Andrews: andrews.khn@gmail.com, @mandrews110 Related Topics Health Industry Insurance States Abortion Alabama Legislation Pregnancy U.S. Congress Women's Health Contact Us Submit a Story Tip

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What’s gone wrong for the Rangers — and what can they do about it?

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What's gone wrong for the Rangers -- and what can they do about it?

New York Rangers coach Peter Laviolette is concerned.

He wasn’t alarmed when the Rangers suffered their first loss of the 2024 Stanley Cup playoffs in Game 4 against the Carolina Hurricanes. He disliked the result, but liked the way the team played — with the understanding that three straight wins against the Canes to start the series gave the Rangers some breathing room.

But Laviolette saw the Rangers “off their mark” in Game 5, a 4-1 defeat at Madison Square Garden that narrowed their series lead to 3-2 and set up Game 6 back in Raleigh on Thursday night.

They didn’t play with speed. They didn’t have the proper offensive attack. Their details weren’t there. And that concerned him.

“I mean, anytime you don’t play up to your capabilities, you get concerned about that. But I also know that this group has had games like [Game 5] before and they responded,” he said. “I think there’s oftentimes a realization that it wasn’t us. It wasn’t who we want to be. Oftentimes this year, they’ve fixed that.”

What do the Rangers need to fix for Game 6? What do they need to be concerned about?

Here’s a look at how New York’s series with Carolina is trending — and which trends can be reversed.


Hurricanes are widening 5-on-5 gap

Consensus opinion entering this series was that the Hurricanes were the better team at 5-on-5. They were first in the regular season and the playoffs in percentage of shot attempts; the Rangers were 19th before the playoffs. The Canes were first and third in expected goals for and against, respectively; the Rangers were 20th and 18th in those categories. New York improved at even strength since acquiring Alex Wennberg and Jack Roslovic at the trade deadline, but Carolina has been on another level.

The Hurricanes have had the shot attempt advantage in all five games of this series, and the expected goals percentage advantage in every game but their Game 1 loss in New York. After scoring three goals at even strength in Game 5, they lead the 5-on-5 scoring for the series 11-9. They’re plus-25 in scoring chances and plus-11 in high-danger shot attempts.

“We really believe we had some good games at the start but had some mistakes, especially with the special teams. That’s gotten a lot better,” Carolina captain Jordan Staal said. “I think our game at 5-on-5 has been really good, really solid. And it’s coming together a little bit more. We’ve got to just keep fighting.”

While they’re underwater in expected goals (46.3%), the Rangers are even in goals for and against at 5-on-5 through nine playoff games. One big reason for that: The line of Artemi Panarin, Vincent Trocheck and Alexis Lafreniere.

The trio has earned 55.7% of the shot attempts and are thriving in scoring chances (plus-12) and high-danger shot attempts (plus-6). But Carolina got the best of them in Game 5. They saw plenty of Jaccob Slavin, Jordan Martinook and Martin Necas, and all of them outplayed the Rangers’ most productive line.

The analytics say that Game 5 was one of the Rangers’ weakest since the All-Star break. Meghan Chayka of Stathletes noted that they had their second-lowest expected goals (1.95) and third-fewest scoring chances (10) in that span.

To address that, there may be some lineup shuffling for Game 6.

At their skate on Wednesday, the Rangers switched up their defense pairings. K’Andre Miller was reunited with Jacob Trouba, a pairing that saw the most minutes together in the regular season for New York. Miller’s former partner, Braden Schneider, skated with Erik Gustafsson, who had been playing with Trouba over the past few weeks. Both of those previous pairings were under 50% in expected goals share in the playoffs. Schneider and Gustafsson were also partners for most of the regular season.

Laviolette wouldn’t commit to those being the pairings the Rangers will ice in Game 6.

“There’s a lot of experience there. A lot of minutes together,” he said of Trouba and Miller. “They’re big and strong and have a lot of experience playing against top lines.”


The power-play outage

The Rangers’ middling play at 5-on-5 has always been mitigated by their incredible power play. They had a stretch of 10 power-play goals in five playoff games, spanning from Game 2 of their sweep against the Washington Capitals to their Game 2 win over the Hurricanes — a game in which they scored the tying and winning goals on the power play.

They didn’t score on the power play in Game 3 but had a critical shorthanded goal from Chris Kreider to tie the game. The Hurricanes are 1-for-20 on their own power plays, which has been just as important to the Rangers’ success as their own man advantages.

Carolina’s lone power-play goal was a big one, as Brady Skjei won Game 4 with a late score in the third period. While the Rangers scored shorthanded in Game 5, their power play was shut out again — marking the first time New York has gone three straight games without a power play goal since March 11-14.

“The power-play goals that we’ve gotten are on broken plays. We’ve got to move things quicker,” Laviolette said after Game 5. “They’re very aggressive in what they do and we have to move. I don’t think we’re sharp.”

The Hurricanes have been gaining momentum by finally slowing the Rangers’ power play.

“The kill has been really big for us in the last two games,” Martinook said. “I feel like the bench after you kill it off — and especially when you get blocked shots and guys are selling out — it definitely gives us a boost. You look at that next shift after having a penalty kill, it usually creates momentum.”


There wasn’t much that happened in Game 4 that would have the Rangers unnerved about closing out the series in Game 5. That included Andersen, who lost the first two games of the series and was replaced by Pyotr Kochetkov for Game 3. Andersen stopped 22 of 25 shots in Game 4, but was in the negative for goals saved above expected. He didn’t exactly inspire much confidence, giving up a bad-angle goal to Lafrenière in the third period that allowed the Rangers to tie the game.

But he got the win, which was the only thing Carolina cared about.

Andersen’s performance in Game 5 should give the Rangers a little more cause for concern. He had a 1.41 goals-saved above expected for the game, stopping 20 of 21 shots. The Canes played quite well in front of him, but when Carolina had to have Andersen make a stop, he gave them everything they needed.

“It wasn’t a ton of work. That was good on our part that we didn’t allow that,” Hurricanes coach Rod Brind’Amour said. “But obviously a couple big saves at crucial times. He kept us in the game. If they go up by two goals in that game, it would have been tough.”

The Rangers have had the advantage in goal all playoffs thanks to Igor Shesterkin. Whether or not Andersen has closed that gap depends greatly on whether the Rangers make life more difficult for him in Game 6. Chayka noted that the Rangers had their second-fewest shots on goal with a net-front presence (three) and their third-fewest scoring chances from the slot (seven) in a game since the All-Star break.

A lot of the credit goes to Carolina’s defense, and the fact that the Rangers were not getting to their game … but give credit where it’s due: Andersen was better than expected in Game 5, both analytically and via the eye test.

Since joining the Hurricanes, Andersen is 7-1 at home with a .926 save percentage and a 1.80 goals-against average. But then, there’s a lot that goes right at home for Carolina.


Carolina at home

Rangers captain Jacob Trouba said building a 3-0 lead in a series has its advantages.

“Obviously we want to close out series, but we put ourselves in a position that we get a couple cracks at it,” he said after New York failed in its second attempt to close out the Hurricanes. “We played good games in Carolina. We know we can play in that building and we’ll go down there and bring a better game.”

The Rangers already have a win in Raleigh in this series, needing overtime to take Game 3. That’s rather notable, given how successful the Hurricanes have been at home under Brind’Amour in the playoffs: 26-12, the best postseason record of any team at home since 2018-19 (minimum 20 games). They’ve averaged 3.13 goals and 2.00 goals against (first in the NHL) during that stretch. Compare that to 2.60 goals and 3.43 goals against on the road. They’re a different team in Raleigh.

“I’m just proud of the group. They brought us another day,” said Brind’Amour, whose teams have gone 16-5 at home in the past three postseasons. “For our fans, it’s great. They deserved to see another game, and that’s what we gave them.”

That’s what the Rangers lost in losing Game 5: Not just the chance to eliminate the Hurricanes, but to avoid having to play in front of those raucous fans in Raleigh who share the same anxious optimism as their hockey heroes.

“We gave ourselves a chance to play another game to give ourselves a chance to hopefully come back here,” Martinook said after Game 5. “We’re fighting for our lives every game.”

The Rangers know what they need to do to snuff out that optimism before it builds to a crescendo in Game 7 on Saturday. They’re confident they can accomplish it.

‘We know that the fourth game is always the toughest one to win,” Trouba said. “It’s a team with their season on the line. We’ve got to find a way to match that level of intensity and desperation.”

And in the process, avoid becoming just the fifth team in NHL history to lose a series after building a 3-0 lead.

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Marchand: Injuring opponents ‘part of playoffs’

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Marchand: Injuring opponents 'part of playoffs'

Boston Bruins captain Brad Marchand said Sam Bennett “got away with one” when he struck Marchand’s head in Game 3, but that opponents seeking to injure each other is just a part of playoff hockey.

“People don’t want to say it, but part of playoffs is trying to hurt every player on the other team. The more guys you take out, the more advantage your team has,” said Marchand, speaking for the first time after leaving Game 3 against the Florida Panthers with an injury.

“Every time you step on the ice, someone is trying to hurt someone. That’s just how it goes in the playoffs. That’s part of the benefit of having a physical group. That’s why you rarely see teams that are small and skilled go far. Because they get hurt,” he said.

Marchand missed the past two games of the series, with the Bruins losing Game 4 but avoiding elimination with a Game 5 win in Sunrise, Florida. Game 6 is scheduled for Friday night in Boston, with Florida leading the series 3-2.

Coach Jim Montgomery was hopeful that Marchand could return to the Bruins for Game 6 but stressed that his captain has “got boxes to check” before being cleared for the game. He’s officially day-to-day with an upper-body injury. One encouraging sign for Marchand and Boston: He took regular line rushes and was on the first power-play unit in practice Thursday.

The Bruins would welcome him back, as Marchand has 10 points in 10 games (3 goals, 7 assists), tied for the team lead in scoring with Jake DeBrusk.

Marchand’s injury might have resulted from a controversial play involving Bennett. As Marchand went to hit Bennett near the benches, Bennett appeared to throw a gloved punch with his right hand as they made contact. Bennett has denied throwing a punch.

“I’m trying to brace myself. There’s no way I would have had time to think about punching him in the face like everyone,” he said after Game 4.

Marchand called Bennett “an extremely physical player” who does great work for the Panthers. Bennett wasn’t penalized on the play and did not receive any supplemental discipline from the NHL Department of Player Safety.

“I think he got away with a shot. But I’m not going to complain. S— happens. That’s part of playoff hockey, I’ve been on the other side of a lot of plays,” Marchand said.

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Donald Trump trial star witness Michael Cohen accused of lying about hush money phone call

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Donald Trump trial star witness Michael Cohen accused of lying about hush money phone call

Michael Cohen, Donald Trump’s former “thug” and “pit bull”, has been accused of lying about a phone call he says he made to the former US president about payments to ex porn star Stormy Daniels.

Cohen, a lawyer who worked for the Trump Organisation from 2006 to 2017, has been giving evidence in the case about hush money payments to Ms Daniels – in an attempt to cover up an alleged sexual encounter in 2006.

Trump’s lawyer, Todd Blanche, called into question an important detail – a phone call made by Cohen to Trump’s assistant, Keith Schiller, on 24 October 2016.

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Cohen, 57, has maintained that during that call he spoke to Trump (who was either given the phone by Mr Schiller or placed on loudspeaker – we don’t know which) and told him he had paid Ms Daniels $130,000 in hush money on his behalf.

But Mr Blanche called this into doubt – showing the jury a number of interactions suggesting Cohen was in contact with Mr Schiller about a different issue at the same time, namely that he was receiving harassing phone calls and texts from a 14-year-old child.

“That was a lie – you did not talk to President Trump on that night, you talked to Keith Schiller about what we just went through,” Mr Blanche said.

Cohen said that, based on his records, he believes he spoke to Trump about the Stormy Daniels matter.

“We are not asking for your belief,” Mr Blanche said. “This jury does not want to hear what you think happened.”

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Pic: Reuters
Former U.S. President and Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump attends trial at Manhattan Criminal Court on May 16th 2024 in New York City, U.S. Steven Hirsch/Pool via REUTERS
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Donald Trump in court on Thursday. Pic: Reuters

That exchange was part of several hours of questioning which apparently sought to paint a picture of Cohen as someone who is eager to see his former boss behind bars.

Mr Blanche played jurors audio clips of Cohen saying the case “fills me with delight” and that imagining Trump and his family in prison made him feel “giddy with hope and laughter”.

“Does the outcome of this trial affect you personally?” Mr Blanche asked.

“Yes,” Cohen replied. He is due to return to the witness stand on Monday.

Michael Cohen (right) leaves his apartment building in New York on Tuesday. Pic: AP
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Michael Cohen (right) was Donald Trump’s fixer. Pic: AP

Cohen worked as the former president’s fixer. He once described himself as Trump’s “spokesman, thug, pit bull and lawless lawyer”.

He once said he would take a bullet for his boss and admitted at the end of questioning on Tuesday that he “violated my moral compass” while working for Trump.

Hush money payouts are not illegal, but Trump is accused of falsifying business records to hide it – a claim he denies.

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